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Paying for care: the Japanese model
- Author:
- DIX Jackie
- Journal article citation:
- Working with Older People, 9(1), March 2005, pp.24-26.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
The author, who participated in a 'Young Core Leader of Civil Society' programme organised by the Japanese government in February 2003, explains how Japan is dealing with paying for the long-term care of its ageing population.
An international comparison of long-term care funding and outcomes: insights for the social care green paper
- Author:
- INCISIVE HEALTH
- Publisher:
- Incisive Health
- Publication year:
- 2018
- Pagination:
- 49
- Place of publication:
- London
This report, commissioned by Age UK, highlights different approaches to long-term care taken by five countries in the developed world, and looks at how they compare to the system in England. These five countries have very different systems, but face similar demographic and financial challenges to those in England. The countries are France, Germany, Spain, Italy and Japan. The report compares the approaches in relation to: service structures, funding levels, funding models, and outcomes. The findings suggest that creating a sustainable social care system fit for a rapidly ageing population is a challenge in every one of these countries. However, it finds that the financial deal for citizens with care needs is often more generous in other countries in comparison to England, with other nations generally either providing some non-means tested basic level of support, and/or cap the amount of co-payment to be made, and/or use a more gradual means-test. Profiles for each of the five countries are also included. (Edited publisher abstract)
Financial gerontology and the middle ageing of the world: the U.K. in international perspective
- Author:
- CUTLER Neal E.
- Journal article citation:
- Generations Review, 7(2), June 1997, pp.4-6.
- Publisher:
- British Society of Gerontology
Discusses the ageing of the population in the United Kingdom from a comparative perspective. Looks in particular at the role of middle age to the future financing of older age.
Japan's financing system for health care of the elderly
- Author:
- OKAMOTO AtoZ
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Aging and Social Policy, 8(2/3), 1996, pp.25-35.
- Publisher:
- Routledge
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Japan's national health insurance system is expected to face a great challenge by ever-growing costs for elderly health care in the near future. This article examines the major issues relating to Japan's public financing for elderly health care and recent policy developments in an attempt to cope with the problem.
Learn from the land of rising demand
- Author:
- HAYASHI Mayumi
- Journal article citation:
- Health Service Journal, 124(6393), 4 April 2014, pp.26-27.
- Publisher:
- Emap Healthcare
Japan faces a serious challenge in meeting the demand for health and social care for its older population. In 2000 a mandatory long term care insurance system was launched. Co-funded from taxation and insurance contributions paid in by everyone over the age of 40, the system gives entitlement to everyone over 65 years. The aim is to encourage the use of public services, and reduce care by the family. This article considers these developments and looks at what England can learn from this policy. (Original abstract)
Comparative framework for care regime analysis in East Asia
- Authors:
- SOMA Naoko, YAMASHITA Junko, CHAN Raymond K. H.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Comparative Social Welfare, 27(2), June 2011, pp.111-121.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
This paper provides an introduction to this journal special issue which focuses on the changing care regimes for children and older people in the East Asian societies of China, Korea, Japan, Taiwan and Hong Kong. As a result of dramatic changes in family structures and behaviours in each society, determining the best methods of providing social care services to older people and children has recently become a focus of attention. Each paper in this special issue focuses on one of the societies, addressing the impact of demographic trends on the care regimes. A concluding paper then highlights the similarities and differences among these societies. The purpose of this introductory chapter is to map the demographic shifts and the changing profile of the family in each society, and to present a framework for the analysis of the provision and financing of both elder and child care.
Reforming long-term care: recent lessons from other countries
- Authors:
- GLENDINNING Caroline, MORAN Nicola
- Publisher:
- University of York. Social Policy Research Unit
- Publication year:
- 2009
- Pagination:
- 51p., bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- York
This paper reports on a review that explored the experiences of a number of countries in reforming their arrangements for funding and delivering long term care. It aimed to: describe the key features of social care funding and service delivery in a number of countries; examine the current debates and reforms in arrangements for funding and delivery in these countries; discuss the implications and lessons for reform in England. In doing so, three issues were of particular interest: the promotion of choice through individual budgets; sustainability of current arrangements; the extent to which funding and delivery arrangements apply equally to older and younger people with care and support needs. The paper concludes with a number of lessons for the reform of care and support in England.
The long term care insurance law in Japan: impact on institutional care facilities
- Authors:
- IKEGAMI Naoki, YAMAUCHI Keita, YAMADA Yukari
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 18(3), March 2003, pp.217-221.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Following the introduction of the public long-term care (LTC) insurance in Japan on 1 April 2000, funding that had been split between the health and social welfare sectors was unified. All elderly people 65 and over have become entitled to receive benefits according to their eligibility level, regardless of income or family support. Except for those assessed as in the least dependent group, individuals can choose either community care or institutional care, with only the cost of food an additional payment for the latter. Despite the structural changes, the impact of the new programme has had minimal impact upon the providers of institutional care. The three types of facilities that had provided LTC have continued to function independently, basically retaining the same staffing requirements and charges. For indicators adjusted for risk, the quality of care tended to be higher in designated LTC hospital beds. Appropriate balance between institutional and community care and triaging among the three different types of facilities remains difficult because decisions rest with the individual. Indicators of quality must take into account differences in case-mix among the facility types
Long term care data pack
- Author:
- SWISS RE LIFE AND HEALTH LIMITED
- Publisher:
- Swiss Re Life and Health Limited
- Publication year:
- 1998
- Pagination:
- 118p.,diags.,bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- London
Defines what long term care is and looks at current provision. Goes on to look at: the community care framework and the provision of long term care; the political environment; background statistics; public attitudes; long term care insurance in the UK; underwriting; claims; implications for long term care insurance of changes in health; long term care in overseas markets; long term care and partnership models in the US; statutory long term care insurance in Germany; long term care solutions in France; and Japan's Gold Plan.
Paying for the health and social care of the elderly
- Author:
- HOSHINO Shinya
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Aging and Social Policy, 8(2/3), 1996, pp.37-55.
- Publisher:
- Routledge
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
The aging population of Japan is causing serious concern among social policymakers. The most urgent issue is to find a way to pay for the health and social care of the frail elderly. After universal coverage of pension and health insurance was achieved, but just before the economic growth rate was considerably slowed, in part, because of the oil crisis, the Japanese government more than doubled pension benefits and made medical care for the elderly free. Since the early 1980s, the government has tried hard to cut and control these benefits, only with moderate success. With a consumption tax rate of only 5%, rather than the proposed 7%, the government is now considering establishing a new health and social care insurance scheme for the elderly to finance the increasing cost of their care.