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Family caregiving today: what we have learned from 35 years of research and where do we go from here?
- Author:
- ZARIT Steven H.
- Journal article citation:
- Generations Review, 17(1), January 2007, Online only
- Publisher:
- British Society of Gerontology
The author draws on research to discuss: the social context of caregiving; the stress process in caregiving; and promising strategies for intervention research.
Formal and informal support: the great divide
- Authors:
- LYONS Karen S., ZARIT Steven H.
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 14(3), March 1999, pp.183-196.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
As we approach the next century, it is clear that neither formal services nor informal family caregivers can meet the needs of a growing population. It is therefore pertinent to reconceptualize the linkages between formal and informal care and move towards an integrative model. This article explores several models of such an interface that exist in the literature and proposes that many of these overlap. Various predictors of formal service use are also explored, with an emphasis on the outcomes of both the informal care giver and the care recipient. Implications for future research include further exploring and understanding the link between formal and informal support and the need to increase recipient of formal care among family caregivers.
Wives and daughters: the differential role of day care use in the nursing home placement of cognitively impaired family members
- Authors:
- CHO Soyeon, ZARIT Steven H., CHIRIBOGA David A.
- Journal article citation:
- Gerontologist, 49(1), February 2009, pp.57-67.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
To expand knowledge concerning the significance of kin relationships in caregiving, this study assessed predictors of the timing of institutionalization for persons with dementia. The focus was on whether use of adult day care by wives and daughters holds the same implications for placement. Guided by a caregiving stress process model, primary objective and subjective stressors, secondary stressors, caregiver well-being, and use of day care services were included as predictors. Cox proportional hazards models were tested using a sample of 371 community-dwelling caregivers in the USA, including 141 wives and 230 daughters and daughters-in-law. The main effect of kinship was found to be significant before interactions were introduced. Adult day care use at Time 1, role captivity, role overload, and social impact were subsequently found to interact with kinship. Analyses indicated that wives who used adult day care placed their husbands to a nursing home earlier than their counterparts. Among daughters, however, those who used adult day care were more likely to postpone the placement. The influence of role overload was also stronger in wives than in daughters in predicting the timing of placement. A similar pattern was observed in the interaction between social impact and kinship. Implications: The results demonstrate that factors influencing nursing home placement may vary according to the caregiver's familial relationship to the relative. Different approaches may be needed when targeting wife vs. daughter caregivers, especially when designing adult day care programs.
Mental disorders in older adults: fundamentals of assessment and treatment
- Authors:
- ZARIT Steven H., ZARIT Judy M.
- Publisher:
- Guilford
- Publication year:
- 2007
- Pagination:
- 468p.
- Place of publication:
- London
- Edition:
- 2nd
Now in a revised and expanded second edition, this book provides foundational knowledge and skills for mental health practice with older adults and their caregivers. The authors draw on research and clinical expertise to comprehensively address normal aging processes, frequently encountered clinical problems, and effective approaches to evaluation, psychotherapy, family support, and consultation in institutional settings. Updated throughout, the second edition features many new case examples, a new chapter on treating anxiety, and innovative assessment strategies. Increased attention is given to different forms of dementia and how to distinguish among them. Coverage of psychopharmacology and combined treatments also has been expanded.
Useful services for families: research findings and directions
- Authors:
- ZARIT Steven H., GAUGLER Joseph E., JARROTT Shannon E.
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 14(3), March 1999, pp.165-181.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
A major principle of gerontological practice and policy has been that community-based services relieve stress on family caregivers and delay or prevent institutionalisation of frail elders. Examines the benefits of community-based services from four perspectives: relief for family care-givers; benefits to older clients; delay or prevention of institutionalisation; and cost-effectiveness or cost-benefits of a service. Results found the studies in which clients and/or their families received adequate amounts of help showed more consistently positive outcomes. There is little evidence, however, to suggest that community services delay placement.