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Intergenerational-multigenerational relationships: are they synonymous?
- Authors:
- BROWNELL Patricia, RESNICK Rosa Perla
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 3(1), 2005, pp.67-75.
- Publisher:
- Routledge
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia
Multigenerational and intergenerational relations are used interchangeably by the United Nations in official documents. However, the terms are not universally considered synonymous. This article explores the origin of terminology usage and how these terms are used differentially in the literature on intergenerational relationships. It also places the discussion within a global framework by linking it to the United Nations Second World Assembly on Ageing and the International Plan of Action on Ageing Madrid 2002. (Copies of this article are available from: Haworth Document Delivery Centre, Haworth Press Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580).
The baby boomers’ intergenerational relationships
- Authors:
- FINGERMAN Karen L., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Gerontologist, 52(2), April 2012, pp.199-209.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
The Baby Boom generation are now entering late life. Increases in life expectancy over the past century have precipitated changes in family ties, and Baby Boomers may be torn between helping young adult children and ageing parents. This review article considers both these aspects of intergenerational relationships of Baby Boomers in the context of changing marital dynamics. Three major studies are described: the Within Family Differences Study (WFDS) of mothers aged 65–75 and their multiple grown children (primarily Baby Boomers) ongoing since 2001; the Family Exchanges Study (FES) of Baby Boomers aged 42–60, their spouses, parents, and multiple grown children ongoing since 2008; and the Longitudinal Study of Generations (LSoG) of 351 3-generation families started when the Baby Boomers were teenagers in 1971. These studies show that the Baby Boomers in midlife navigate complex intergenerational patterns. The WFDS finds ageing parents differentiate among Baby Boomer children in midlife, favouring some more than others. The FES shows that the Baby Boomers are typically more involved with their children than with their aging parents. The LSoG documents how divorce and remarriage dampen intergenerational obligations in some families. These studies provide insights into the nature of intergenerational ties and caregiving in the future.
Safe passage of goods and self during residential relocation in later life
- Authors:
- EKERDT David J., LUBORSKY Mark, LYSACK Catherine
- Journal article citation:
- Ageing and Society, 32(5), July 2012, pp.833-850.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Older people tend to accentuate their prizing of things and their use of special dispositions to achieve the protection or ‘safe passage’ of things as they transfer to a new owner. Such efforts on behalf of possessions may also be undertaken to perpetuate the self. This study investigated older people's repertoire of disposition strategies during episodes of house downsizing. Participants included 75 households in the mid-western United States. People told stories about the safe passage of cherished possessions – their initiative to place things, appreciation by new owners, and attempts to project the values or memory of the giver. Large quantities of items were passed via non-specific offers of possessions to others who may volunteer to take them. This allowed people to express satisfaction that their possessions had found appreciative owners. Whole-house downsizing may affirm the self in another way: as conscientious about the care of things.
The importance of older family members in providing social resources and promoting cancer screening in families with a hereditary cancer syndrome
- Authors:
- ASHIDA Sato, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Gerontologist, 51(6), December 2011, pp.833-842.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
This study investigated the role of older family members in providing social resources within families affected by an inherited susceptibility to cancer. Two hundred and six respondents from 33 families identified 2,051 social relationships. Nineteen per cent of the respondents and 25% of the network members were over 60 years. Younger respondents, 59 years or less, were more likely to nominate older network members as providers of social resources than younger members’ instrumental support, emotional support, help in crisis situation, and dependability when needed. Older members were more likely to be listed as encouragers of colon cancer screening by both younger and older respondents independent of whether support exchange occurred in the relationship. The authors concluded that engaging older family members in health interventions to facilitate screening behaviours younger family members may be beneficial. Older people should be encouraged to facilitate positive social interactions in cancer screening.
Exploring generational intelligence as a model for examining the process of intergenerational relationships
- Authors:
- BIGGS Simon, HAAPALA Irja, LOWENSTEIN Ariela
- Journal article citation:
- Ageing and Society, 31(7), October 2011, pp.1107-1124.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
This article discusses an emerging model of intergenerational relationships that places oneself in the position of a person of a different age. It examines an experiential approach that draws on sociological thinking on generational consciousness and on the relationships between conflict, solidarity and ambivalence. The main emphasis is on the processes of generational experience, and a distinction is made between the informational knowledge that is available to social actors and the degree to which it is possible to act intelligently. The latter highlights the steps that would need to be taken to become critically aware of age as a factor in social relations, including the relative ability to recognise one's personal generational distinctiveness, acquiring understanding of the relationship between generations, critical awareness of the value stance being taken toward generational positions, and finally, acting in a manner that is generationally aware. The article concludes with a discussion of how generational relations can be encouraged. Implications for future research into intergenerational relationships is presented.
Stability and change in the intergenerational family: a convoy approach
- Authors:
- ANTONUCCI Toni C., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Ageing and Society, 31(7), October 2011, pp.1084-1106.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
This paper describes the factors that influence supportive relations within intergenerational families, beginning with a description of the changing structure of the intergenerational family. It shows how personal characteristics, especially gender, race, age and socio-economic status, and situational characteristics, in particular family structure and intergenerational context, influence support exchanges. These exchanges are described with special attention to the unique circumstances of care-giving in intergenerational families, while also exploring the differences in the quality of intergenerational relations. Positive and negative support exchanges and their influence on wellbeing are discussed. The paper considers the implications of change and stability in intergenerational relationships, and makes recommendations about how best to plan future intergenerational family support. The paper concludes that societies and families with fewer resources must be innovative in meeting the needs of older people as well as those of all family members.
Need and support: determinants of intra-familial financial transfers in Sweden
- Author:
- LENNARTSSON Carin
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Social Welfare, 20(1), January 2011, pp.66-74.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Inter-generational financial transfers, or the passing down of wealth, are recognised by scholars as a crucial part of the inter-generational link in modern societies. This paper examined downward inter-generational intra-family financial transfers in Sweden made in the form of money transactions or gifts. The paper asked whether recipients of intra-family financial transfers are children in need of such support, and whether early family environment has any consequences for later financial transfers. The study, using data from a nationally representative survey, suggested that childhood disadvantages had long-term consequences in connection with intra-family financial transfers, where disadvantages and inequalities in childhood were likely to remain into adulthood. Children who experienced adverse childhood conditions were less often recipients of later intra-family financial support. Intra-family transfers were also related to the needs of the younger generation. Single parents and students from higher social class families were more often beneficiaries of financial support.
Giving help in return: family reciprocity by older Singaporeans
- Authors:
- VERBRUGGE Lois M., CHAN Angelique
- Journal article citation:
- Ageing and Society, 28(1), January 2008, pp.5-34.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Reciprocity is a powerful principle in social ties. The ethos of family reciprocity is especially strong in Asian societies. In this study, the authors examine study contemporaneous family exchanges, hypothesising that the more current help older Singaporeans receive from family, the more they give in return. Cross-sectional analyses were undertaken of data from two national Singapore surveys conducted in 1995 and 1999. The help received by older people is measured by income and cash support, payment of household expenses by others, having a companion for away-from-home activities, and having a principal carer. The help given by older people is measured by baby-sitting, doing household chores, giving financial help to children, and advising on family matters. Multivariate models are used to examine the factors that affect an older person's ability and willingness to give help. The results show that the more financial support Singapore seniors received from kin, the more baby-sitting and chores they provided. In their swiftly modernising society, Singapore seniors are maintaining family reciprocity by giving time in return for money. The article discusses how during the coming decades, reciprocity in Southeast and East Asian societies may shift from instrumental to more affective behaviours.
Journal of Intergenerational Relationships
- Publisher:
- Routledge
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia
The scope of this journal encompasses both research and practice in the cross-cutting field of intergenerational studies. It embraces relevant papers from many other disciplines such as social work, psychology, sociology, gerontology, child development and family studies. This journal is indexed and abstracted selectively on Social Care Online.
Geographic distance and intergenerational relationships in Chinese migrant families
- Authors:
- LIU Jinyu, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Social Work, 27(4), 2018, pp.328-345.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
This study examines the effect of adult Chinese migrants’ geographic distance from home on their intergenerational relationships with parents who remain behind. The authors compared monetary and family care support as well as emotional relationships among four parent-child groups: older adults and international migrant children, older adults and internal migrant children (who migrated to other cities in China), older adults and coresiding children, and older adults and local children (living in the same city as their parents). Data were derived from 332 older adults in Beijing, China, with at least one child who migrated to another country or city. Results from chi-square tests, anaylsis of variance (ANOVA) tests, and regression analyses indicate that international and internal migrant children maintain similar intergenerational relationships with their parents, and that both of those groups are less likely than coresiding and local children to have family care exchanges and emotionally close relationships with their parents. The results may help professionals develop supportive services and policies for older adults in migrant families. (Edited publisher abstract)