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Development and initial testing of a measure of person-directed care
- Authors:
- WHITE Diana L., NEWTON-CURTIS Linda, LYONS Karen S.
- Journal article citation:
- Gerontologist, 48(S1), July 2008, pp.114-123.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
In this study a new measure designed to assess person-directed care (PDC) practices in long-term care was empirically tested. After reviewing the literature, five areas related to PDC were identified: personhood, comfort care, autonomy, knowing the person, and support for relationships. An additional component of environmental support was also identified. Items were then developed to reflect the constructs, and a series of lay and professional experts in the field reviewed the items for face validity. The resulting 64-item PDC and Environmental Support for PDC measure was distributed to direct care workers and nursing, administrative, and other staff from a range of long-term settings across Oregon, culminating in a sample size of 430 participants from eight sites. Exploratory factor analyses was employed to reveal the underlying structure of the measure. After 14 items were dropped from the measure, it attained good simple structure, revealing five PDC constructs as previously theorized and three Environmental Support constructs: Support for Work With Residents; Person-Directed Environment for Residents, and Management/Structural Support. All constructs were conceptually distinct and internally consistent, and, as expected, all were positively correlated.
Formal and informal support: the great divide
- Authors:
- LYONS Karen S., ZARIT Steven H.
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 14(3), March 1999, pp.183-196.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
As we approach the next century, it is clear that neither formal services nor informal family caregivers can meet the needs of a growing population. It is therefore pertinent to reconceptualize the linkages between formal and informal care and move towards an integrative model. This article explores several models of such an interface that exist in the literature and proposes that many of these overlap. Various predictors of formal service use are also explored, with an emphasis on the outcomes of both the informal care giver and the care recipient. Implications for future research include further exploring and understanding the link between formal and informal support and the need to increase recipient of formal care among family caregivers.