Search results for ‘Subject term:"older people"’ Sort:
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Brain reserve and dementia: a systematic review
- Authors:
- VALENZUELA Michael J., SACHDEV Perminder
- Journal article citation:
- Psychological Medicine, 36(4), April 2006, pp.441-454.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge
Behavioural brain reserve is a property of the central nervous system related to sustained and complex mental activity that may have a protective effect against dementia. This meta-analysis of 22 studies (33 datasets) covering over 29,000 individuals shows that higher brain reserve was associated with a 46% reduced risk of dementia, an effect found over a median follow-up period of 7.1 years. Positive effects were found for education level, occupational status, pre-morbid IQ and, in particular, higher levels of complex leisure-related mental activity in older age. The last of these factors appears to exert a protective effect independent of other predictors, and to exhibit a dose-response relationship. Randomised controlled trials of potentially effective mental activity interventions are needed to confirm the relationship, as well as neurobiological research into the mechanisms underlying the apparent benefits of mental activity.
The Employment Equality (Age) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2006: statutory rule 2006 no. 261
- Author:
- NORTHERN IRELAND
- Publisher:
- Stationery Office
- Publication year:
- 2006
- Pagination:
- 68p.
- Place of publication:
- Belfast
These Regulations, which are made under section 2(2) of the European Communities Act 1972 (c.68), implement (in Northern Ireland) Council Directive 2000/78/EC of 27th November 2000 establishing a general framework for equal treatment in employment (OJ L 303, 2.12.2000, p.16) so far as it relates to discrimination on grounds of age. The Regulations make it unlawful to discriminate on grounds of age in employment and vocational training. They prohibit direct discrimination, indirect discrimination, victimisation, instructions to discriminate and harassment.
Grey power generation
- Author:
- BURKE Kath
- Journal article citation:
- Local Government Chronicle, 9.03.06, 2006, pp.16-17.
- Publisher:
- Emap Business
New laws and an ageing population mean there are going to be more older people in the workforce. This article presents five examples of good practice to tap into their experience. All the councils featured have been commended by Age Positive, a Department of Work and Pensions campaign to promote the benefits of a mixed-age workforce.
Increased wealth and income as correlates of self-assessed retirement
- Author:
- CAPUTO Richard K.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 47(1/2), 2006, pp.175-201.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
This study examined whether retirement implies complete withdrawal from the labour force and the role that increased wealth and income play in regard to the nature of retirement. Data came from the Health and Retirement Study in the United States, Waves 1-5. Findings indicated that most study sample pre-retirees remained in the labour force as they moved into what are considered the normal retirement years. As they moved on average from 50+ years of age to 60+ years of age, increasing percentages of study sample pre-retirees reported themselves as completely retired. Those who viewed themselves as completely retired were far less likely to work than those who did not view themselves as completely retired. Of particular importance was the finding that increased income in 2000 decreased the likelihood of self-reported complete retirement. Equally important was the finding that increased assets had no effect on retirement status with the exception of survey year 1998 when increased assets decreased the likelihood of viewing oneself as completely retired. Findings suggested that pro-work retirement policies aimed at increasing labour force participation among pre-retirees and increasing the normal retirement age can be effective. Five pro-work policies were discussed. (Copies of this article are available from: Haworth Document Delivery Centre, Haworth Press Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580).
An employee assistance program for caregiver support
- Authors:
- MAINS Douglas A., FAIRCHILD Thomas J., RENE Antonio A.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 47(1/2), 2006, pp.157-173.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
The Comprehensive Caregiver Choices Program provided support for employee caregivers of elderly people for employees at a hospital in Fort Worth, Texas. Key informant interviews and focus groups provided direction for program development and implementation. A full-time MSW and professionals with expertise in gerontology/ geriatrics provided education and care coordination services to caregivers. Approximately 4% of the hospital's workforce participated in the program. Attendees evaluated educational sessions and follow-up interviews were conducted with program participants. Caregiver support programs must continue to seek innovative and creative marketing and service delivery methods to reach out and assist working caregivers in need of support. (Copies of this article are available from: Haworth Document Delivery Centre, Haworth Press Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580).
Flexible retirement: a snapshot of employer practices 2006
- Authors:
- EMPLOYERS FORUM ON AGE, IFF RESEARCH
- Publisher:
- Age Partnership Group
- Publication year:
- 2006
- Pagination:
- 29p.
- Place of publication:
- London
The Government is looking at ways to enable older people to remain in the workplace longer. Encouraging employers to develop flexible retirement policies is one of the ways the Government is seeking to achieve this change. Flexible retirement policies enable people to work longer by providing flexibility over retirement dates and the hours and/or type of work employees undertake.
Economic status of the elderly in Hong Kong: homogeneous or heterogeneous?
- Authors:
- CHOU Kee-Lee, CHOW Nelson W. S., CHI Iris
- Journal article citation:
- International Social Work, 49(2), March 2006, pp.218-232.
- Publisher:
- Sage
This article examines the economic status of elderly people in Hong Kong based on data collected by the government. The Hong Kong elderly population is not a homogeneous group, as their economic status is significantly related to their gender, age, marital status, education and employment status.
Live longer, work longer
- Author:
- KEESE Mark
- Publisher:
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
- Publication year:
- 2006
- Pagination:
- 146p., bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- Paris
This report details the key lessons that have emerged from 21 separately published reviews on member countries’ age-friendly employment policies and practices, in the current era of rapid population ageing. Countries included are Austria, Australia, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom and United States. The report also looks at the worldwide stereotyped attitudes that discourage work at an older age, deny older people choice about when and how to retire and can have hidden costs for the economy and society. It cautions that if no action is taken to promote better employment prospects for older (adult) workers the doubling of the number of retirees per worker in the OECD expected over the next 50 years will begin to put untenable pressure on the funding of social protection systems. Recommendations for action include, strong financial incentives to continue working, wage setting to encourage employers to recruit older people, elimination of subsidies for early retirement, and the provision of help and training to improve older people’s employability. Includes tables and figures throughout.
Work behavior of older people with disabilities in the era of the Americas with Disabilities Act
- Authors:
- LIGHTFOOT Elizabeth, LUM Terry Y.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Social Service Research, 32(4), 2006, pp.171-191.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
This paper explores the correlation between the implementation of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and the employment participation of people with disabilities. First, it discusses the methodological difficulties in measuring the ADA's impacts. Second, it describes a longitudinal study using Health and Retirement Survey data exploring changes in employment rates and odds of employment during the 1990s for older working-age people with disabilities. The findings show that while older people with disabilities had slightly lower employment rates than older people without disabilities during the 1990s, the odds that older people with disabilities would be employed has increased since the passage of the ADA. (Copies of this article are available from: Haworth Document Delivery Centre, Haworth Press Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580).
Race disparities in health among older adults: examining the role of productive engagement
- Author:
- HINTERLONG James E.
- Journal article citation:
- Health and Social Work, 31(4), November 2006, pp.275-288.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Productive engagement is a potential pathway to health for older adults, but this relationship varies by race. This study examines the relationship of productive engagement to the health and observed health disparities of older African American and white adults. Productive activities include formal and irregular paid employment, caregiving, volunteering, and informal social assistance. The authors analyzed longitudinal panel data on individuals ages 60 and older from the Americans' Changing Lives survey with generalized estimating equations methods. Indicators of self-rated health and functional status were regressed separately on measures of productive engagement after accounting for sociodemographic differences and prior levels of health. Analyses were stratified by race and compared. Engagement in productive activities predicts better functional status for both groups, but higher self-rated health only among white adults. Number of activities performed was positively related to both health measures for all individuals, and hours of engagement and the ratio of paid to unpaid hours did not predict health outcomes.