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Behavioural and psychological signs and symptoms of dementia across cultures: current status and the future
- Authors:
- SHAH Ajit, DALVI Madusudan, THOMPSON Tade
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 20(12), December 2005, pp.1187-1195.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The literature on BPSD from developing countries, ethnic minority groups in a given country and cross-national studies was examined. The results found that there is emerging literature on BPSD from the settings was studied. These studies provide useful preliminary data on the prevalence and correlates of BPSD. Moreover, the data illustrate possible cross-cultural differences in BPSD and their correlates. A number of instruments measuring either individual BPSD within a BPSD domain, measuring features of a BPSD domain or features of a range of BPSD domains have been developed in languages other than English for use in developing countries and ethnic minority groups in a given country. The authors conclude that there is a need for methodologically similar and uniform studies of BPSD across countries and ethnic groups in a given country using appropriately validated instruments. It is suggested that a consensus should be reached by researchers on the best instrument(s) to be developed in languages other than English for use in these settings and, in turn, these instruments should be developed using appropriate methodology. This could allow identification of the genetic and environmental aetiology of BPSD and the influence of gene-environment interaction.
A pilot study of behavioural and psychological signs and symptoms of dementia in patients of Indian sub-continent origin admitted to a dementia day hospital in the United Kingdom
- Authors:
- HAIDER Imran, SHAH Ajit
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 19(12), December 2004, pp.1195-1204.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
There is a paucity of cross-cultural studies of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). BPSD were examined in a consecutive series of Indian sub-continent origin and white indigenous elders admitted to a dementia day hospital using the BEHAVE-AD. The correlates of individual BPSD in each of the two ethnic groups and the differences between the two ethnic groups were examined. There were no differences between the two groups on most of the demographic and clinical variables examined, except that Indian sub-continent elders had a greater number of children. There were no differences between the two groups on the MMSE scores, BEHAVE-AD total scores and BEHAVE-AD subscale scores (with one exception). Indian sub- continent origin patients had lower scores on the anxiety and phobias subscale. Within the Indian sub-continent origin group, Alzheimer's disease (AD) was associated with activity disturbance and vascular dementia with affective disturbance. Within the indigenous group, aggressivity was associated with males and prescription of neuroleptics, and affective disturbance with prescription of antidepressants. There is a need to develop and evaluate translated versions of instruments that measure BPSD. After development of these instruments there is a need for cross-cultural population-based epidemiological studies of BPSD.