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Seasonal mood variation in the elderly: the Leiden 85-plus Study
- Authors:
- DE CRAEN Anton J. M., et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 20(3), March 2005, pp.269-273.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The influence of seasonal changes on mood and behaviour is called seasonality. The prevalence of seasonality in elderly subjects is unknown. All subjects from the Leiden 85-plus Study with an MMSE score of 19 or more were assessed for depressive feelings at age 85 and yearly thereafter. The influence of time of the year, duration of sunlight, daylight, and rain on the prevalence of depressive symptoms was assessed using linear mixed models for repeated measurements. There was no significant seasonal pattern in the data (p = 0.44). Within each of the four years of observation (85, 86, 87 and 88 years) and all years combined, there was also no significant association between the one-month cumulation of duration of sunlight, daylight, or rain and the score on the GDS (all p-values >0.05). The results of either the one week or three-month accumulation of sunlight, daylight, or rain were comparable to the one-month results. Estimates of prevalence of seasonality reported in the literature might be overestimated or a remarkable difference between young and old subjects exists.
Accuracy of the 15-item geriatric depression scale (GDS-15) in a community sample of the oldest old
- Authors:
- DE CRAEN Anton J. M., HEEREN T. J., GUSSEKLOO Jacobijn
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 18(1), January 2003, pp.63-66.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Cognitive impairment is common in the oldest old. This might influence the sensitivity and specificity of the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). Few studies, however, have included subjects older than 85 years to evaluate the GDS-15 as a screening instrument for depression. The GDS-15 is a suitable instrument to diagnose depression in the general population of the oldest old. The optimal cut-off point depends on its intended use.