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Prospective associations between sedentary behaviour and incident depressive symptoms in older people: a 15-month longitudinal cohort study
- Authors:
- TSUTSUMIMOTO Kota, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 32(2), 2017, pp.193-200.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether sitting time, as a form of sedentary behaviour, is related to incident depressive symptoms in older people. Methods: This study included 3503 participants (mean age 71.7 years, 50.1% female) from the ‘Obu Study of Health Promotion for the Elderly' cohort study. At baseline and then 15 months later, the participants reported their status of depressive symptoms using the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale. During the baseline assessment, the participants were also asked about their sedentary behaviour on weekdays over the past 7 days and, from there, categorised into three groups (<240, 240–480, ≥480 min/day). Demographic data and the other health behaviours were also assessed at the baseline. Results: Cross-sectional analysis revealed that 437 participants (12.0%) had depressive symptoms. In a prospective analysis, the logistic regression model revealed that the odds ratio for depressive symptom incidence was higher in participants who, at baseline, spent 480 min or more per day sitting, and in those who spent 240-480 min in comparison with those who spent less than 240 min. Conclusions: Sedentary behaviour significantly affects the risk of incident depressive symptoms. Further research is needed to develop an intervention strategy to manage depressive symptoms, as the second most common cause of burden of disease among older adults. (Edited publisher abstract)
Late life depression: a comparison of risk factors and symptoms according to age of onset in community dwelling older adults
- Authors:
- GALLAGHER Damien, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 25(10), October 2010, pp.981-987.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Late onset depression is often associated with acquired organic pathology, with patients less likely to report a family history of depression. The majority of previous studies have been in hospital populations. This study addressed this question in a sample of community dwelling older adults. Participants included 89 subjects with GMS-AGECAT depression who were identified from a sample of 1,231 community dwelling adults aged 65 and over. Subjects were analysed across a range of aetiological and phenomenological variables according to age of onset of first depressive episode. Findings indicated that subjects with late onset depression were significantly less likely to report a family history of depression, were less likely to report previous hospitalisation for depression and had greater cognitive impairment. Late onset subjects were also less likely to report feelings of guilt or thoughts that life was not worth living in the previous month. While patients with late onset depression differed from early onset patients according to certain aetiological risk factors, there was not a distinctive profile of depressive symptomatology which might be considered clinically useful – findings consistent with previous hospital-based studies.
Predicting the onset of major depressive disorder and dysthymia in older adults with subthreshold depression: a community based study
- Authors:
- CUIJPERS Pim, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 21(9), September 2006, pp.811-818.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
It is well-established that the incidence of major depressive disorder is increased in subjects with subthreshold depression. A new research area focuses on the possibilities of preventing the onset of major depressive disorders in subjects with subthreshold depression. An important research question for this research area is which subjects with subthreshold depression will develop a full-blown depressive disorder and which will not. We selected 154 older subjects with subthreshold depression (CES-D > 16) but no DSM mood disorder from a longitudinal study among a large population based cohort aged between 55 and 85 years in The Netherlands. Of these subjects, 31 (20.1%) developed a mood disorder (major depression and/or dysthymia) at three-year or six-year follow-up. We examined risk factors and individual symptoms of mood disorder as predictors of onset of mood disorder. Two variables were found to be significant predictors in both bivariate and multivariate analyses: eating problems and sleep problems. The incidence of mood disorders differed strongly for different subpopulations, varying from 9% (for those not having any of the two risk factors) to 57% (for those having both risk factors). It appears to be possible to predict to a certain degree whether a subject with subthreshold depression will develop a mood disorder during the following years.
Prognosis of late life depression: a three-year cohort study of outcome and potential predictors
- Author:
- BALDWIN Robert C.
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 21(1), January 2006, pp.57-63.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Late-onset depression (LOD) has a poor prognosis which may be worsened by the presence of cerebrovascular disease. The original study involved 50 patients with LOD and 35 healthy age matched controls. Follow-up was at three years. Baseline measures included clinical, neuroradiological and neuropsychological variables. Outcome was assessed by mortality, progression to dementia and clinical course of depressive disorder. Sixty-two (73%) of the original cohort agreed to be re-interviewed. Seven participants had died (all from the depressed group) and six developed dementia, all but one from the depressed group. Vascular dementia predominated (although not significantly so) among those with dementia at follow-up. For 28 depressed patients with complete follow-up data (56% of the original sample), poor outcome was predicted by lower High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), raised Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and a higher score on the Hachinski Index scale and one test of immediate memory. Initial response to treatment was not associated with later outcome. It is concluded that late-onset depressive disorder is associated with a high rate of mortality and possibly dementia.
Late-life depression: the differences between early- and late-onset illness in a community-based sample
- Authors:
- JANSSEN Joost, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 21(1), January 2006, pp.86-93.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The aim of this study was to compare early-onset (EOD) and late-onset (LOD) depressive illness in a community-based sample. A large representative sample of 3,107 older people (55-85 years) in the Netherlands was utilised. A two-stage screen procedure to identify elderly with MDD was used. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D) was used as a screen and the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) to diagnose MDD. Data on 90 older persons with early-onset depression and 39 with late-onset depression were available. Those with LOD were older, and more often widowed. Family psychiatric history, vascular pathology, and stressful early and late life events did not differ between groups. EOD subjects had more often double depression and more anxiety. The authors conclude that in a community-based sample they did not detect clear differences in etiology and phenomenology between EOD and LOD. This discrepancy with reports from clinical samples could be due to selection bias in clinical studies. Consequently, all patients with late-life depression deserve a diagnostic work-up of both psychosocial and somatic risk factors and treatment interventions should be focused accordingly.
Prevalence and risk factors for depressive symptoms among community-dwelling elders in Taiwan
- Authors:
- TSAI Yun-Fang, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 20(11), November 2005, pp.1097-1102.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Depression in the elderly has become a serious health care issue worldwide. However, no studies have determined the prevalence and risk factors for depressive symptoms among a representative sample of community-dwelling elders in Taiwan. The aim was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for depressive symptoms among community-dwelling elders in Taiwan. Stratified random sampling was used to recruit a representative sample of 1200 elderly participants from northern, middle, southern, and eastern regions of Taiwan. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 27.5%. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that having a respiratory disease, poor cognitive function, poor social support network, dissatisfaction with living situation, perception of poor health status, and perceived income inadequacy were significant predictors of depressive symptoms in this sample. The risk factors for depression identified in this study need to be considered when assessing the health of elderly persons. In addition, interventions to reduce depressive symptoms in elders should include strategies to change some of these modifiable risk factors.
Cognitive performance in depressed older persons: the impact of vascular burden and remission. A two-year follow-up study
- Authors:
- ZUIDERSMA Marij, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 31(9), 2016, pp.1029-1039.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Objectives: Depression is associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline. The present study compared two-year change in cognitive performance between depressed older persons and a non-depressed control group, between remitted and non-remitted patients, and evaluated whether vascular burden at baseline was associated with more cognitive decline in depressed older persons. Methods: Depressed patients (n = 378) aged ≥60 were recruited from mental healthcare institutes and general practices, and a non-depressed control group (n = 132) was recruited from general practices. A DSM-IV depressive episode was established with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, and processing speed, working memory, verbal memory and interference control were evaluated with three neurocognitive tasks at baseline and 2 years later. A modified Framingham Risk Score, ankle-brachial index, and history of a vascular event defined vascular burden at baseline. Results: After adjusting for baseline cognitive performance, age, sex, and education level, depressed older persons had worse processing speed and verbal memory scores at follow-up than controls but did not differ in the other two-cognitive outcomes. In the sample of depressed patients, remission status at 2 years follow-up and baseline vascular burden did not predict cognitive performance at follow-up, after adjustment for baseline cognitive performance, age, sex and education level. Conclusions: The findings suggest that cognitive deficits in depressed older persons are not just a manifestation of depression. In addition, vascular burden was not associated with worse cognitive decline in a sample of depressed older persons. (Edited publisher abstract)
Depression as a predictor of falls amongst institutionalized elders
- Authors:
- WANG Yun-Chang, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 16(6), August 2012, pp.763-770.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
This study investigated the effects of medical condition and depression status on fall incidents amongst institutionalised older people. A cross-sectional study was carried out in New Taipei City, Taiwan to investigate the fall history of institutionalised older people involving 286 subjects. Experiences of falls over the previous year were recorded, with at least two falls during the prior one-year period, or one injurious fall defined as ‘fallers’. Depression was found to have enhanced effects with various medical conditions on fall risk. As compared with the non-depressive reference group, a five-fold fall risk was discernible amongst depressed older people with multiple medications, whilst a six-fold risk was found amongst those using ancillary devices, along with a 11-fold amongst those with neural system diseases. In conclusion, depressed older people with neural system diseases, using ancillary devices or multiple medications, should be specifically listed as very high risk of falling amongst institutionalised older people.
Prevalence and risk factors of depressive symptoms in latest life-results of the Leipzig Longitudinal Study of the Aged (LEILA 75+)
- Authors:
- LUPPA Melanie, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 27(3), March 2012, pp.286-295.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
As depressive symptoms are common in oldest age and associated with broad categories of risk factors, latest-life depression represents an important public health issue. The aim of this study was to determine the age-specific and gender-specific prevalence rates and risk factors of depressive symptoms of the oldest old people. The data was derived from the Leipzig Longitudinal Study of the Aged (LEILA 75+), a population-based study on the epidemiology of dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). A sample of 1006 individuals aged 75 years and older were interviewed on socio-demographic, clinical and psychometric variables. Of the overall sample, 38.2% were classified as depressed. Analysis revealed that the following variables were significantly associated with depressive symptoms: divorced or widowed marital status; low educational level; poor self-rated health status; functional impairment; multi-domain MCI, stressful life events; and poor social networks.
High incidence of clinically relevant depressive symptoms in vulnerable persons of 75 years or older living in the community
- Authors:
- DOZEMAN Els, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 14(7), September 2010, pp.828-833.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Incidence rates of depressive symptoms and their predictors were examined in a vulnerable elderly population. In a community-based cohort, 651 vulnerable elderly people aged 75 and over were identified by means of the COOP-WONCA charts (Dartmouth Coop Functional Health Assessment Charts/World Organisation of Family Doctors). To study the incidence of clinically relevant symptoms of depression and their predictors, 266 people with no symptoms were selected and measured again for clinical relevant symptoms of depression at 6 and 18 months. Logistic regression analyses were applied to determine risk indicators. The results showed that after 18 months 48% of the elderly people had developed clinically relevant symptoms of depression. No specific risk factors were identified within this population. The article concludes that the incidence of depressive symptoms identified in the study were considerably higher than those previously found in elderly populations living in the community. A vulnerable health status is associated with a high risk of depressive symptoms.