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Cognitive testing: older people and the FRS material deprivation questions
- Authors:
- LEGARD Robin, GRAY Michelle, BLAKE Margaret
- Publisher:
- Great Britain. Department for Work and Pensions
- Publication year:
- 2008
- Pagination:
- 111p.
- Place of publication:
- London
Research, looked at developing a new set of survey questions which effectively capture the living standards of older people. This report details the programme of cognitive testing which was undertaken to understand more about why the previous material deprivation question wording and items on the Family Resources Survey (FRS) do not work effectively for older people and to develop new questions for use on the FRS. This study was part of a wider programme of research on developing a robust question block on older people's material deprivation. Readers are recommended to also consult DWP Working paper 54, Measuring material deprivation among older people: Methodological study to revise the FRS questions (released at the same time), undertaken by Stephen McKay, Professor of Social Research at the University of Birmingham, which provides an outline of the overall programme of research and makes recommendations for the implementation of the new question block on the FRS.
Driving safe: development of a knowledge test for drivers with dementia
- Authors:
- ADLER Geri, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Dementia: the International Journal of Social Research and Practice, 5(2), May 2006, pp.213-222.
- Publisher:
- Sage
The purpose of this American study was to develop a screening test of driving knowledge for use with dementia patients and other older drivers. Seventy-five drivers with dementia and 80 non-demented elderly drivers completed a 39-item questionnaire concerning the rules-of-the-road and a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Using item analysis, 15 items were selected for a screening test. The internal consistency reliability of the test was 0.74, while that of all 39 questions was 0.79. Patient and control means on the test differed significantly. MMSE scores accounted for only 16 percent of the variance in driving knowledge scores in the dementia patients. Results suggest that it is possible to develop a knowledge-based driving instrument that can successfully be administered to patients with diagnoses of mild to moderate dementia. Drivers with dementia demonstrated significantly poorer knowledge of driving regulations than the control group. However, the final score on the driving instrument was not well predicted by the MMSE, suggesting that direct assessment of driving knowledge is important to driving assessment.
Psychometric evaluation of a short observational tool for small-scale research projects in dementia
- Authors:
- SMALLWOOD Jonathan, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 16(3), March 2001, pp.288-292.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Dementia is a degenerating illness and the lack of a reliable measure of self-report in particular presents difficulties for research. Often in the later stages of dementia behavioural measurement is the only tool available for the evaluation of treatment techniques. This paper describes and evaluates a short observational tool suitable for clinical assessment purposes.
The Geriatric Mental State Examination as a case-finding instrument in the community
- Authors:
- McWILLIAM C., et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 152, September 1988, pp.205-208.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Describes a study of the effectiveness and sensitivity of the Geriatric Mental State Examination and its computerised diagnostic system, AGECAT.
The experience of burden in India: a study of dementia caregivers
- Authors:
- EMMATTY Leena Mary, BHATTI Ranbir S., MUCKALEL Mathew T.
- Journal article citation:
- Dementia: the International Journal of Social Research and Practice, 5(2), May 2006, pp.233-232.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Thirty caregivers of people living with dementia were investigated to examine the caregivers' experience of burden. The Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDRS), Burden Interviews and open-ended questions were administered on patients attending inpatient and outpatient services at the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India. Findings indicate that only 30 percent of the cases fell into the high burden group. No statistically significant results were observed between caregiver relationship and burden scores. Burden experienced in extended families was less compared to the other types of families. The need to create awareness about the illness among different sections of the general population and interventions suited to the Indian caregivers are discussed.
Comparative performance of long and short forms of the Geriatric Depression Scale in mildly demented Chinese
- Authors:
- CHENG Sheung-Tak, CHAN Alfred C.M.
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 20(12), December 2005, pp.1131-1137.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This study aims to investigate if a brief version (four items) of the Geriatric Depression Scale works equally well with mildly demented as with nondemented patients in young-old and old-old persons, and to compare its diagnostic performances with those of the 15- and the 30-item version of the scale. Four hundred and forty-two older persons were given a GDS interview and received an independent psychiatric evaluation. Receiver operating characteristic curves were separately plotted for the young-old demented, old-old demented, young-old nondemented, and old-old nondemented. The four-item version yielded comparable performance to the 15- and the 30-item version of the GDS, regardless of age and dementia status. It is reasonably robust to the effects of age and mild dementia, whether alone or in combination. Nonetheless, among the old-old demented, only a third of those tested positive were actually positive, but this problem was not specific to the four-item version.
Assessing early to late stage dementia: the TSI and BANS-S scales in the nursing-home
- Authors:
- APPOLLONIO Ildebrando, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 20(12), December 2005, pp.1138-1145.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This study aimed to directly compare an observational scale to a performance-based instrument in moderate to severe dementia. The study compared a slightly modified version of the performance-based Test for Severe Impairment (mTSI) to the observer-based Bedford Alzheimer Nursing Severity Scale (BANS-S). Both scales were administered, together with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Clinical Dementia Rating scale (CDR), to a nursing-home sample of 130 women suffering from different types of dementia. The BANS-S could be applied to all patients, the mTSI to 87 subjects. Results were similar for AD and non AD dementia. Both scales were independent from age and education and their test-retest and inter-rater reliabilities were satisfactory. The authors conclude that the mTSI looks promising in the moderate-to-severe range, whereas the BANS-S seems more useful in the very late stage of dementia. However, neither scale was optimal and additional instruments should be tested in future studies.
Short screening tests for dementia in the elderly population
- Authors:
- HOOIJER C., et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 7(8), August 1992, pp.559-571.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Describes a study using four commonly used tests for the identification of schizophrenia to learn about the differences and similarities and evaluate their reliability, and concludes that it may be advisable to use more than one test for diagnosis.
A positive experience? Assessing the effect of the social environment on demented elderly residents of local authority homes
- Author:
- NETTEN Ann
- Journal article citation:
- Social Work and Social Sciences Review, 3(1), 1991, pp.46-62.
- Publisher:
- Whiting and Birch
Reports on a study of residents' functional abilities, using the Social Care Environment Scale and the effect of different regimes on the clients.
The diagnostic accuracy of brief versions of the Geriatric Depression Scale: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Authors:
- POCKLINGTON Clarie, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 31(8), 2016, pp.837-857.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: Depression in older adults is often under recognised despite it being the most common mental health illness in this age group. An increasing older adult population highlights the need for improved diagnostic rates. Brief versions (15 items or less) of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), which are suitable for busy clinical practice, could improve detection rates. Objective: This study aimed to establish the diagnostic accuracy of brief versions of the GDS. Methods: Twelve electronic databases of published and unpublished literature were searched. Study selection was in accordance with predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A recognised gold-standard diagnostic instrument was used as a comparator against data pertaining to the use of a brief version of the GDS in an older adult population. The QUADAS-II was utilised for quality assessment. Narrative analysis and, where possible, meta-analysis were performed. Results: Thirty-two studies were identified that provided diagnostic data regarding seven brief versions of the GDS (1, 4, 5, 7 8, 10 and 15-item versions). Pooled sensitivity was 0.89 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.80–0.94), and specificity was 0.77 (95% CI 0.65–0.86) for the GDS-15 at the recommended cut-off score of 5. Meta-analysis of other brief versions was not possible because of an insufficient number of studies with standardised items. Conclusions: Results suggest the possibility of selective reporting of cut-off scores, and therefore, findings should be approached cautiously. Studies should report all cut-off scores, and all brief GDS versions should be compiled of standardised items. (Edited publisher abstract)