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Dementia research in China
- Authors:
- CHIU Helen F.K., ZHANG Mingyuan
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 15(10), October 2000, pp.947-953.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
There is little information on dementia research in China in the international literature. This paper is an overview of studies on dementia conducted in China. Studies on dementia research in China were identified through a literature search, as well as through consulting Chinese psychiatrists and neurologists with expertise in the field. These studies were then reviewed. Finds that there is much research activity in China in the field of dementia and further cross-cultural studies are useful to examine the cultural differences in various areas of dementia research.
The multiverse of inquiry: introduction to the special issue on 'dementia care and Chinese culture
- Authors:
- CHEN Hongtu, LEVKOFF Sue E.
- Journal article citation:
- Ageing International, 35(2), June 2010, pp.85-95.
- Publisher:
- Springer
- Place of publication:
- New York
It is well known from 30 years of research that dementia caregiving, regardless of geographical, educational and socioeconomic differences, causes physical, emotional and financial burdens to many caregiving families. What we do not know, however, is how dementia care should be provided in a transitioning society. This article describes how during this transition, traditional, family-based care for older people with chronic health problems and functional limitation is being challenged by a new, rapidly urbanising market-centred society. There is also a lack of knowledge about how to apply what is known about Western societies with Chinese culture. The article asks how we blend dementia caregiving burdens, theories and measures of psychological distress, and intervention strategies and models with the emerging understanding of Chinese values, coping styles, and resources with which people influenced by Chinese cultures engage in dementia care task. The article contains sections on: theoretical models of caregiver burden; evidence relevant to Chinese culture; the current approach and its challenges; and the future as a multiverse.
Trajectories of health-related quality of life during the natural history of dementia: a six-wave longitudinal study
- Authors:
- YU Hongmei, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 32(9), 2017, pp.940-948.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Objective: The objective of this study was to explore profiles of quality of life (QoL) trajectories during the natural history of dementia and individual variations contributing to QoL trajectories. Methods: The authors conducted a longitudinal community-based study of 520 elderly people with mild cognitive impairment and 100 healthy people aged 60 years or over. They conducted six waves of assessment between October 2010 and May 2013 in Taiyuan, mainland China. Cognitively normal, mild cognitive impairment, global impairment, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) were defined as state 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. They assessed health-related QoL (HRQoL) via the Quality of Life–Alzheimer's Disease (QoL–AD) Chinese version. The latent growth curve model (LGCM) was used to investigate change in HRQoL over time. Results: Latent growth curve model analysis revealed a mean initial QoL level of 29.865 with substantial variation and a significant mean slope for the whole sample. Multigroup LGCM showed substantial variations across individuals in initial QoL levels for each cognitive state transition group. For the slope factor, they found significant changes and variations for the transition from state 2 to 3 and from state 3 to 4. The authors estimated mean QoL levels over six assessments based on intercept, slope, and factor loadings for the whole sample and the three cognitive state transition groups. Conclusions: A decline in subjective QoL is not inevitable during the natural history of dementia in community settings, and there is a degree of individual variation in QoL. Future studies should investigate the factors associated with individual variations in QoL trajectories in AD. (Edited publisher abstract)
Examining the association between late-life leisure activity participation and global cognitive decline in community-dwelling elderly Chinese in Hong Kong
- Authors:
- LEUNG Grace Tak Yu, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 26(1), January 2011, pp.39-47.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
In this study, 505 participants not suffering from clinical dementia were analysed as a follow-up study of a population based community survey among Hong Kong Chinese people aged 60 and over. Information about leisure activity participation, global cognitive function, and key sociodemographic variables was collected. The researchers found that a higher level of participation in late life intellectual activities (such as reading, using computers, games, handicrafts, or playing a musical instrument) appeared to be associated with a lower incidence of global cognitive decline. They suggest that intervention programmes that capitalise on beneficial intellectual activities may reduce cognitive decline or dementia.
The prevalence of dementia and cognitive impairment in China
- Author:
- INEICHEN Bernard
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(8), August 1996, pp.695-697.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Early studies of the prevalence of dementia and cognitive impairment in China indicated low rates, but more recently rates have been rising to the levels shown in other countries. Reasons for these changes are discussed.
Prevalence and associated factors of elder abuse in family caregivers of older people with dementia in central China cross‐sectional study
- Authors:
- WANG Min, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 34(2), 2019, pp.299-307.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Objective: To explore the abuse risk and related important determinants among older people with dementia in central China. Methods: In this cross‐sectional descriptive study, a sample of 158 family caregivers of older people with dementia was conveniently recruited from the Clinical Medicine Research Center of Dementia and Cognitive Impairment in Hubei Province, China. A social‐demographic questionnaire, the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ), the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), the Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI), and the Caregiver Abuse Screen (CASE) were used for data collection. Descriptive statistics, Mann‐Whitney U tests, Kruskal‐Wallis tests, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, and logistic regression analysis were used for the data analyses. Results: The results demonstrate that 77.8% reported a risk of the abuse of older people with dementia. Moreover, positive and negative reactions, subjective support, and emotional, social, and physical burden were associated with family caregivers' abusive behaviours. Conclusion: This was a study conducted to examine the risk of the abuse of older people with dementia by family caregivers in central China. Elder abuse is prevalent among people with dementia. The present results confirmed the need to focus on family caregiver burden, coping styles, and social support in future interventions to prevent elder abuse. (Publisher abstract)
Application of the European quality indicators for psychosocial dementia care in long-term care facilities in the Asia-Pacific region: a pilot study
- Authors:
- JEON Yun-Hee, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 22(10), 2018, pp.1279-1286.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Objectives: An Asia-Pacific regional collaboration group conducted its first multi-country research project to determine whether or not European quality indicators (QIs) for psychosocial care in dementia could be implemented as a valid tool in residential aged care across seven Asia-Pacific sites (Australia, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Mainland China, Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea, and Thailand). Method: Following the European QI protocol, auditing and data extraction of medical records of consenting residents with dementia were conducted by trained auditors with relevant health care backgrounds. Detailed field notes by the auditors were also obtained to describe the characteristics of the participating care facilities, as well as key issues and challenges encountered, for each of the 12 QIs. Results: Sixteen residential care facilities in the seven Asia-Pacific sites participated in this study. Data from 275 residents’ records revealed each of the 12 Qis’ endorsement varied widely within and between the study sites (0%–100%). Quality of the medical records, family and cultural differences, definitions and scoring of certain indicators, and time-consuming nature of the QI administration were main concerns for implementation. Conclusion: Several items in the European QIs in the current format were deemed problematic when used to measure the quality of psychosocial care in the residential aged care settings in participating Asia-Pacific countries. The authors propose refinements of the European QIs for the Asian-Pacific context, taking into account multiple factors identified in this study. The findings provide crucial insights for future research and implementation of psychosocial dementia care QIs in this region. (Edited publisher abstract)
Effectiveness of an individualized functional training program on affective disturbances and functional skills in mild and moderate dementia - a randomized control trial
- Authors:
- LAM Linda C.W., et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 25(2), February 2010, pp.133-141.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Depression is common in people suffering from dementia, occurring in people suffering from mild cognitive impairment. This study of 74 older Chinese people, reports on the findings of a randomised controlled trial to examine the effects of an individualised functional enhancement program (FEP) on functional skills and mood symptoms in both mild and moderate dementia, by recruiting the group into a skills training programme by occupational therapists. 37 subjects were trained with an individualised selection of daily activities; 37 were trained with general occupational therapy. The FEP comprised of twice weekly group sessions of skills training and problem solving using cognitive behavioural approach. At 1 month after completion of program, both groups showed an improvement in process skills of the assessment of motor and process skills. At 4 months post-program, the first group showed a further reduction of Cornell Scale for depression in dementia scores. Apathy also improved at 1 month post-training, but deteriorated at 4 months. Group differences in changes of mood and functional scores were not significant. The findings suggest a potential benefit for individualised occupational therapy. It should be tailored to an individual needs and continued for sustained effectiveness.
Depression in dementia: a comparative and validation study of four brief scales in the elderly Chinese
- Authors:
- LAM Chee Kum, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 19(5), May 2004, pp.422-428.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The study aimed to determine: (i) the diagnostic accuracy of four brief depression scales, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Even Briefer Assessment Scale for Depression (EBAS DEP), Single Question and Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (Cornell) in an elderly Chinese population with varying dementia severity; and (ii) which scale had the best diagnostic performance. All four scales were administered to 88 elderly outpatients with dementia: 66 without and 22 with depression. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to establish the optimal cut-off scores of the GDS, EBAS DEP and Cornell scales. The patients' dementia-severity was dichotomously categorized into mild and moderate-severe dementia, and the above analysis was repeated in both these groups to look at changes in the scales' diagnostic performance as dementia advances. The best diagnostic scale for detecting depression in dementia was the Cornell scale. Its optimal cut-off score was 6/7 (sensitivity 91.7%, specificity 80.0%) in the mild dementia group and 12/13 (sensitivity 70.0%, specificity 87.0%) in the more advanced dementia group. The optimal cut-off scores of the GDS and EBAS DEP also shifted to higher values when moving from the mild to the more advanced dementia groups, indicating the increasing difficulty on all these scales to detect depression with worsening cognitive impairment. The Single Question, however, was more robust with much less changes in its diagnostic parameters in both dementia cohorts: sensitivity 58.3%, specificity 90.0% for mild dementia, and 60.0 and 84.8%, respectively, for more advanced dementia. An efficient strategy to diagnose depression in dementia amongst elderly Chinese patients is to administer the Single Question followed by, when necessary, the Cornell scale.
Responding to dementia in East Asia: developments in Japan, China, Taiwan and South Korea
- Author:
- INEICHEN B.
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 2(4), November 1998, pp.279-285.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Countries of the Far East share a number of features in their response to the problem of dementia among the elderly. Research in Japan, China, Taiwan and South Korea finds a very rapid rate of growth in their elderly populations, with corresponding rises in the number of dementia sufferers. Official responses have been rather slow, due to the long-standing belief that families would provide care. Demographic and sociological trends - longer life span, smaller families, urbanisation, the growing opportunity for paid work (especially for women) - have contributed to the decline of filial piety. All these processes are more advanced in the cities. Reports that rural elderly people suffering from dementia may be especially vulnerable to isolation, and in need of non-familial sources of help.