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Service delivery reforms for Asian ageing societies: a cross-country study between Japan, South Korea, China, Thailand, Indonesia, and the Philippines
- Authors:
- NODA Shinichiro, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Integrated Care, 21(2), 2021, p.1. Online only
- Publisher:
- International Foundation for Integrated Care
Introduction: Japan’s health policies to address the most advanced-aged society have been the target of focus in Asia, but no studies have investigated this issue using tools for cross-country comparisons. Theory and methods: A cross-country study design was used to compare healthcare reform policies with a framework in Japan, Korea, Thailand, China, Indonesia, and the Philippines. Data were collected via document reviews and key informant interviews. Results: Three distinctions were identified. First, all countries except for the Philippines have policy decisions regarding reforms for the existing service delivery systems for healthcare, long-term care and welfare. Second, the most extensive service delivery reform is currently being implemented in Japan, whose system is shifting to primary health care. Third, the direction of the transformation of service delivery system is different between Thailand and China despite a similar level of ageing society. China has made progress on facility-based care integration between health and social care, whereas Thailand is focusing on home-based care. Conclusions and discussion: Doctor and hospital-based healthcare delivery system requires more drastic reform for an aged society. This fact implies that strengthening primary health care is not only useful for current health issues but also an investment for the aged society near future in low- and middle-income countries. (Edited publisher abstract)
Etic and emic perspectives on aging across four countries: Italy, Thailand, Botswana, and the United States
- Authors:
- KARLIN Nancy J., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Ageing International, 39(4), 2014, pp.348-368.
- Publisher:
- Springer
- Place of publication:
- New York
Elders’ experiences while ageing in place were obtained as part of an effort to develop a typology of emic (culture-specific) and etic (universal) models of ageing. Data came from interviews with older adults in Italy, Thailand, Botswana, and the United States. Analysis of variance was used to examine similarities and differences in the samples. Comparing country data from the four collection sites, similarities were indicated for participants’ marital status, and having children and grandchildren. Differences were evident for the number of children and grandchildren, level of reported health and happiness, overall satisfaction with life, type of pension received, whether benefits are sufficient, the availability of extra revenue, and the number of daily and weekly activities indicated. Findings highlight the diverse cross-national ageing experience of elders in this study. As worldwide demographic change leads to older populations and there are shifts in societal norms (in family involvement in caregiving, health care, and policy development), there is a dire need to understand how these changes impact elders at emic (culture/country-specific) and etic (universal) levels. (Edited publisher abstract)
Formal social protection for older people in developing countries: three different approaches
- Author:
- LLOYD-SHERLOCK Peter
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Social Policy, 31(4), October 2002, pp.695-713.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
- Place of publication:
- Cambridge
This article examines social protection for older people in three middle-income countries: Argentina, Thailand and South Africa. It focuses on income support, health services and the provision of care, as well as considering the effects of these policies on social exclusion. The paper locates each country's different social protection programmes within a broader welfare regime model. It finds an interesting variety of approaches to pension and health provision, which range from generous universalism to minimal means-testing. However, it finds much less innovation in areas such as long-term care and intermediary services. The article challenges generalisations about old age social protection in developing countries, and argues that the different experiences of these three countries could provide useful lessons for social protection in many parts of the world.