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Ageing and well-being in an international context
- Author:
- CLIFTON Jonathan
- Publisher:
- Institute for Public Policy Research
- Publication year:
- 2009
- Pagination:
- 36p., bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- London
The author asks what lessons the UK can learn from several case studies from overseas about how the well-being of older people can be incorporated into a wider range of policy areas than those, traditionally, of pensions, health and social care. For example, in the UK an ageing population brings more focus onto mental health, loneliness and isolation issues, whereas life satisfaction is highest in Japan among those over 65. In addition, case studies from Ireland, the United States, Norway, Finland, New Zealand and China are presented with much variation in findings. Examples of how the well-being of older people can be addressed in the four key areas of relationships, work, learning and the built environment are discussed and put forward by the author as good practice for the future of an ageing population in the UK.
Comparing socio-economic inequalities in healthy ageing in the United States of America, England, China and Japan: evidence from four longitudinal studies of ageing
- Authors:
- LU Wentian, PIKHART Hynek, SACKER Amanda
- Journal article citation:
- Ageing and Society, 41(7), 2021, pp.1495-1520.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Healthy ageing has become a popular topic worldwide. So far, a consensus measure of healthy ageing has not been reached; and no studies have compared the magnitude of socio-economic inequality in healthy ageing outside Europe. This study aims to create a universal measure of healthy ageing and compare socio-economic inequalities in healthy ageing in the United States of America (USA), England, China and Japan. We included 10,305 American, 6,590 English, 5,930 Chinese and 1,935 Japanese participants for longitudinal analysis. A harmonised healthy ageing index (HAI) was developed to measure healthy ageing multi-dimensionally. Educational, income and wealth rank scores were derived accounting for the entire socio-economic distribution and the sample size of each category of socio-economic indicator. Associations between socio-economic rank scores and HAIs were assessed using multi-level modelling to calculate the Slope Indices of Inequality. Healthy ageing trajectories were predicted based on the full-adjusted age-cohort models. We found that education was a universally influential socio-economic predictor of healthy ageing. Moving from the highest to the lowest educational groups was associated with a 6.7 (5.2–8.2), 8.2 (6.0–10.4), 13.9 (11.4–16.3) and 6.1 per cent (3.9–8.2%) decrease in average HAI at 60 years in the USA, England, China and Japan, respectively. After 60 years, the educational inequality in healthy ageing kept increasing in the USA and China. The educational inequality in healthy ageing in China was also greater than any other socio-economic inequality in the four countries. Wealth was more influential in predicting healthy ageing inequality among American, English and Japanese participants, while income was more influential among Chinese participants. The socio-economic inequality in healthy ageing in Japan was relatively small. Chinese and American participants had worse healthy ageing profiles than Japanese and English participants. (Edited publisher abstract)
Care and inheritance: Japanese and English perspectives on the 'generational contract'
- Author:
- IZUHARA Misa
- Journal article citation:
- Ageing and Society, 22(1), January 2002, pp.61-77.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Explores the changing nature and patterns of the 'generational contract', with particular reference to the exchange of nursing care housing assets between older parents and their adult children. Inheritance practices and attitudes are used to examine the ways in which socio-economic, demographic and policy changes have recently altered the conventional arrangements in Japanese society. The previously defined 'generational contract' is now ambiguous, and the expectations and obligations of different family members are fragmented. This article also discusses whether such practices in Japan are unique and the ways in which they differ from the English situation. Looks at the similarities and differences in the patterns of inheritance and thus the exchange models between care and inheritance in the two societies.
Service delivery reforms for Asian ageing societies: a cross-country study between Japan, South Korea, China, Thailand, Indonesia, and the Philippines
- Authors:
- NODA Shinichiro, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Integrated Care, 21(2), 2021, p.1. Online only
- Publisher:
- International Foundation for Integrated Care
Introduction: Japan’s health policies to address the most advanced-aged society have been the target of focus in Asia, but no studies have investigated this issue using tools for cross-country comparisons. Theory and methods: A cross-country study design was used to compare healthcare reform policies with a framework in Japan, Korea, Thailand, China, Indonesia, and the Philippines. Data were collected via document reviews and key informant interviews. Results: Three distinctions were identified. First, all countries except for the Philippines have policy decisions regarding reforms for the existing service delivery systems for healthcare, long-term care and welfare. Second, the most extensive service delivery reform is currently being implemented in Japan, whose system is shifting to primary health care. Third, the direction of the transformation of service delivery system is different between Thailand and China despite a similar level of ageing society. China has made progress on facility-based care integration between health and social care, whereas Thailand is focusing on home-based care. Conclusions and discussion: Doctor and hospital-based healthcare delivery system requires more drastic reform for an aged society. This fact implies that strengthening primary health care is not only useful for current health issues but also an investment for the aged society near future in low- and middle-income countries. (Edited publisher abstract)
An international comparison of long-term care funding and outcomes: insights for the social care green paper
- Author:
- INCISIVE HEALTH
- Publisher:
- Incisive Health
- Publication year:
- 2018
- Pagination:
- 49
- Place of publication:
- London
This report, commissioned by Age UK, highlights different approaches to long-term care taken by five countries in the developed world, and looks at how they compare to the system in England. These five countries have very different systems, but face similar demographic and financial challenges to those in England. The countries are France, Germany, Spain, Italy and Japan. The report compares the approaches in relation to: service structures, funding levels, funding models, and outcomes. The findings suggest that creating a sustainable social care system fit for a rapidly ageing population is a challenge in every one of these countries. However, it finds that the financial deal for citizens with care needs is often more generous in other countries in comparison to England, with other nations generally either providing some non-means tested basic level of support, and/or cap the amount of co-payment to be made, and/or use a more gradual means-test. Profiles for each of the five countries are also included. (Edited publisher abstract)
Regulating long-term care quality: an international comparison
- Editors:
- MOR Vincent, LEONE Tiziana, MARESSO Anna
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
- Publication year:
- 2014
- Pagination:
- 519
- Place of publication:
- Cambridge
This edited book provides a comprehensive international survey of long-term care provision and regulation, built around a series of case studies from Europe, North America and Asia. The analytical framework allows the different approaches that countries have adopted to be compared side by side and readers are encouraged to consider which quality assurance approaches might best meet their own country's needs. Wider issues underpinning the need to regulate the quality of long-term care are also discussed. The book is aimed at policymakers working in the health care sector, researchers and students taking graduate courses on health policy and management. (Edited publisher abstract)
Variations in older people's social and productive ageing activities across different social welfare regimes
- Authors:
- WARBURTON Jeni, GRASSMAN Eve Jeppsson
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Social Welfare, 20(2), April 2011, pp.180-191.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This study explores voluntary association involvement by older people using a six-regime model with Esping-Andersen's three worlds of welfare as a starting point. Current literature is then used to argue for the inclusion of three additional regime types. The model, with its six illustrative countries, is then used to compare type and level of voluntary association membership and volunteering by older people. The first set of findings is a descriptive account of the context of ageing and social welfare in the six countries and the relationship between this context and volunteering by older people. The second set of findings uses a broad comparative dataset, the World Values Survey (2005–2006), to explore differences in voluntary association involvement more specifically. The analyses suggest that differences across regime types are explainable in terms of the social welfare context. These findings suggest a possible line of approach to understanding differences across countries.
Socioeconomic status of elderly women in India and Japan
- Authors:
- RAMACHANDRAN Rathi, R. Radhika
- Journal article citation:
- Indian Journal of Social Work, 67(3), July 2006, pp.275-295.
- Publisher:
- Tata Institute of Social Sciences
Rapid ageing trends present new challenges to governments, communities, families and the elderly themselves. This article describes the result of a comparative study to examine the cross country differences (India and Japan) in the social and economic conditions of aged women in a developed country as against a developing country. Empirical data was collected from representative samples of elderly women from both countries.
Care of older people: a comparison of systems in North America, Europe and Japan
- Authors:
- CARPENTER Iain, et al, (eds)
- Publisher:
- Farrand
- Publication year:
- 1999
- Pagination:
- 225p.
- Place of publication:
- London
Comparative analyses of care systems and policies for older people: in North America, European countries, and Japan. The book centres on assessment needs and outcomes.
Age, labour market conditions and male suicide rates in selected countries
- Author:
- TAYLOR Philip
- Journal article citation:
- Ageing and Society, 23(1), January 2003, pp.25-40.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
This study examines the relationship between suicide rates among men since 1975 and rates of unemployment and labour force participation in 20 countries. Previous research has found statistically significant correlations between suicide and unemployment rates over time among young people in a number of countries. This study has extended this research to include different age groups of men. The findings for younger workers largely confirm the findings of previous studies. Among older workers, however, unemployment and suicide rates are largely unrelated, notable exceptions including Japan and the USA.