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Caregiver-carereceiver communication part 2: overcoming the influence of stereotypical role expectations
- Authors:
- EDWARDS Helen, CHAPMAN Helen
- Journal article citation:
- Quality in Ageing, 5(3), November 2004, pp.3-12.
- Publisher:
- Pier Professional
- Place of publication:
- Brighton
Part 1 of this paper explored the premise that a role predicament of caring exists within family caregiving relationships, arguing that dysfunctional patterns of communication develop in family caregiving relationships not only in response to stereotypical expectations of both caregiver and carereceiver concerning their role in the caregiving relationship. This was grounded in data from a large comprehensive study of older people and their family caregivers. This paper builds on the earlier contention and holds that more productive and effective forms of communication and caregiving relationships can be promoted through modification of role expectations and behaviours. The Health Promoting Communication Model is introduced and proposed as an appropriate framework for guiding both prevention and intervention strategies for health promoting communication in family caregiving.
Supporting people to keep in touch when care homes are not accepting visitors
- Author:
- CARE INSPECTORATE
- Publisher:
- Care Inspectorate
- Publication year:
- 2020
- Pagination:
- 6
- Place of publication:
- Dundee
The guide looks at different types of technology - such as mobile phones and video conferencing calls - and how they can enable residents to keep in touch with their families and friends when care homes are not accepting visitors, for example during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The appendix lists examples of different products. (Edited publisher abstract)
We need to talk about caring: dealing with difficult conversations
- Author:
- INDEPENDENT AGE
- Publisher:
- Independent Age
- Publication year:
- 2016
- Pagination:
- 41
- Place of publication:
- London
Drawing on the findings from an online poll of 2,066 people and a series of focus groups and interviews, this report looks at how and why families avoid talking about challenges they may face in older age. The findings cover the types of conversations taking place, the family members that are hardest to talk to, the topics that are the most difficult to talk about, and the barriers to talking about ageing. Respondents identified future care and housing needs such as end of life care preferences, who will care for them when they were older, and where they would live if they could no longer live at home as the most difficult topics to talk about. The research found that over 60% of people aged 65 and over had never had a conversation with their family about these three issues. Key barriers to conversations identified included lack of knowledge and confidence to begin a conversation, avoiding facing undesirable possibilities, such as residential care, and lack of time for discussion. The report makes recommendations to help remove these barriers, including for agencies make their care information more accessible, for care homes need to increase their outreach to show more people what living in a care home is like; and for conversations about care in later life to become more natural, with health and care professionals encouraging families they work with to think about key conversations relating to ageing and care. (Edited publisher abstract)
The dance of communication: retaining family membership despite severe non-speech dementia
- Authors:
- WALMSLEY Bruce D., McCORMACK Lynne
- Journal article citation:
- Dementia: the International Journal of Social Research and Practice, 13(5), 2014, pp.626-641.
- Publisher:
- Sage
There is minimal research investigating non-speech communication as a result of living with severe dementia. This phenomenological study explores retained awareness expressed through non-speech patterns of communication in a family member living with severe dementia. Further, it describes reciprocal efforts used by all family members to engage in alternative patterns of communication. Family interactions were filmed to observe speech and non-speech relational communication. Participants were four family groups each with a family member living with non-speech communication as a result of severe dementia. Overall there were 16 participants. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. One superordinate theme, Dance of Communication, describes the interactive patterns that were observed during family communication. Two subordinate themes emerged: (a) in-step; characterised by communication that indicated harmony, spontaneity and reciprocity, and; (b) out-of-step; characterised by communication that indicated disharmony, syncopation, and vulnerability. This study highlights that retained awareness can exist at levels previously unrecognised in those living with limited or absent speech as a result of severe dementia. A recommendation for the development of a communication programme for caregivers of individuals living with dementia is presented. (Edited publisher abstract)
Communicating in family aged care dyads, Part 1: the influence of stereotypical role expectations
- Authors:
- EDWARDS Helen, CHAPMAN Helen
- Journal article citation:
- Quality in Ageing, 5(2), October 2004, pp.3-11.
- Publisher:
- Pier Professional
- Place of publication:
- Brighton
Contends that dysfunctional patterns of communication can develop in family aged care dyads in response to stereotypical role expectations in the caregiving-carereceiving relationship, thus giving rise to a role predicament of caring. If this argument holds it follows that more productive and effective forms of communication and relationship are dependent upon both members of the aged care dyad understanding the expectations of their role and if necessary reconstructing them. Develops the Communication Predicament of Ageing Model to include role expectations. The conceptions are grounded in important conclusions drawn from data contained in a large comprehensive study of older people and their family caregivers.
Involvement of Japanese care managers and social workers in advance care planning
- Authors:
- HIRAKAWA Yoshihisa, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Social Work in End-of-Life and Palliative Care, 14(4), 2018, pp.315-321.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia
Successful advance care planning relies heavily on effective communication between the elderly and their families, care managers, and social workers. However, care managers and social workers are often not adequately prepared to conduct such discussion. The aim of the present study was to identify the specific challenges facing Japanese care managers and social workers when involvement in advance care planning. Two focus group discussions were held between August and November 2017, involving eleven care managers and three social workers employed at two long-term care facilities actively pursuing advance care planning initiatives. Four main themes were identified, through content analysis, as barriers and facilitators: client readiness, communication, variation-rich client individuality, and difficult-to-explain end-of-life options. This study revealed the importance of building rapport with the residents and their families in order to assess their readiness to discuss care options and preferences. Obstacles included lack of medical knowledge of care managers and social workers. Study findings suggested that a multi-disciplinary team, facilitated by care managers and social workers, was fundamental to achieving the goals of advance care planning. (Publisher abstract)
Care to talk? A framework for appreciative conversations about dementia: Innovative practice
- Authors:
- PAGE Sean, ROWETT Roger, DAVIES-ABBOTT Ian
- Journal article citation:
- Dementia: the International Journal of Social Research and Practice, 16(8), 2017, pp.1069-1074.
- Publisher:
- Sage
When people with dementia are admitted to hospital, both they and their carers and families have crucial roles to play. They should be positioned as the only true experts in the unique individuality of the person and brought into the nursing process as an equal partner in care. ‘Care to Talk’ is a conversational model developed through Appreciative Inquiry to facilitate this way of working. The model, its development and outcomes are discussed. (Publisher abstract)
Knowledge of dementia: do family members understand dementia as a terminal condition?
- Authors:
- ANDREWS Sharon, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Dementia: the International Journal of Social Research and Practice, 16(5), 2017, pp.556-575.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Current research identifies advanced dementia to be the terminal phase of this progressive and incurable condition. However, there has been relatively little investigation into how family members of people with advanced dementia understand their relative’s condition. In this article, the authors report on semi-structured interviews with 10 family members of people with advanced dementia, in a residential aged care facility. Using a qualitative, descriptive design, they explored family members’ understandings of dementia, whether they were aware that it was a terminal condition, and the ways they developed their understandings. Findings revealed that the majority of family members could not recognise the terminal nature of dementia. Relying on predominantly lay understandings, they had little access to formal information and most failed to conceptualise a connection between dementia and death. Moreover, family members engaged in limited dialogue with aged care staff about such issues, despite their relatives being in an advanced stage of the disease. Findings from our study suggest that how family members understand their relative’s condition requires greater attention. The development of staff/family partnerships that promote shared communication about dementia and dying may enhance family members’ understandings of the dementia trajectory and the types of decisions they may be faced with during the more advanced stages of the disease. (Edited publisher abstract)
Life story work in dementia care - a new road map
- Authors:
- ELEY Ruth, KAISER Polly
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Dementia Care, 25(2), 2017, pp.22-26.
- Publisher:
- Hawker
The authors' talk about the value of life story work with people who have dementia, carers and staff who support them. They outline the approach they take, which is based on the "Five Ps" - Person, Principles, Purpose, Product and Process. (Edited publisher abstract)
Shame, hope, intimacy and growth: dementia distress and growth in families from the perspective of senior aged care professionals
- Authors:
- WALMSLEY Bruce D., McCORMACK Lynne
- Journal article citation:
- Dementia: the International Journal of Social Research and Practice, 15(6), 2016, pp.1666-1684.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Minimal research explores the impact of dementia and a dementia diagnosis on families from the unique vantage of senior health professionals. The participants of this study, eight senior aged care professionals, provided unique interpretative insights into family dynamics and sense-making on the journey with dementia, and their own role in that journey. Both positive and negative perspectives were sought. Data from semi-structured interviews were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). One superordinate theme, Dementia naiveté; redefined intimacy, overarched Embarrassed shame; Maintaining hope; Redefining a model of intimacy; and Redefined relational intimacy and growth. Within these themes, the participants shed light on hurtful embarrassment and shame experienced by families associated with the diagnostic label given to a loved one. This label was perceived to either trigger separation, hurt and immobility through ignorance, or precipitate a frenzy of naive yet hopeful energy for seeking that elusive cure. The participants saw their role as one of enacting a new way of connecting what was with what could be. Thus, they modelled advocacy, integral care and relational intimacy. Validation came in witnessing a redefining of intimacy in many families who were able to embrace that holistic and empathic approach to the shifting presentation of dementia. Psychological well-being was observed to occur when families embraced growthful domains, e.g. acceptance, hope, relational closeness and altruistic concern for other families. Implications for future care models are discussed. (Publisher abstract)