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The effects of an expanded cognitive stimulation therapy model on the improvement of cognitive ability of elderly with mild stage Dementia living in a community - a randomized waitlist controlled trial
- Authors:
- YOUNG Daniel Kim-Wan, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 23(7), 2019, pp.855-862.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Objective: This research study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an expanded cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) model that combines a CST group and tai chi on improving the cognitive ability of community-dwelling Chinese elderly with mild stage dementia (EwMD). Method: A randomized waitlist controlled trial design was adopted in this study. The treatment group participated in a structured CST group followed by tai chi twice a week, with a total of 14 sessions throughout the study period. The waitlist control group received treatment as usual at the initial stage and expanded CST model at a later stage. The Chinese Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (DRS) and the Chinese Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) were used to assess the cognitive ability of EwMD in the pre- and post- treatment periods. Results: At baseline, the treatment group (n = 51) and control group (n = 50) did not differ significantly in any demographic or clinical variables. Overall, the participants had a mean baseline MMSE score of 20.67 (SD = 2.30). The 2 × 2 repeated measures ANCOVA demonstrated that the treatment group was significantly more effective than the control group in improving the MMSE score (F = 12.31, p< .01) with a moderate effect size (partial eta square = .11) after controlling for group difference in age, gender, education, and having a diagnosis of dementia. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates the effectiveness of the expanded CST model on the improvement of cognitive ability of community-dwelling EwMD. More research is needed to further investigate this intervention model across cultures and societies.
Dementia and memory: a handbook for students and professionals
- Author:
- THOMPSON Simon B.N.
- Publisher:
- Ashgate
- Publication year:
- 2006
- Pagination:
- 235p., bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- Aldershot
Intended for students and trained healthcare and medical professionals, this book focuses on treatment of people suffering from dementia and memory problems. It looks at ageing and ageism, definition of dementia, different types of dementia, memory disorders, learning disability and dementia, and coping with memory problems and dementia. It includes information about how to treat memory problems, advanced memory strategies, assessing dementia, treating and managing dementia, and future directions for people with dementia. Case studies on memory, dementia, and dementia and learning disability, and a memory test are included.
Addressing risk factors of cognitive impairment in adults aging with HIV: a social work model
- Authors:
- VANCE David E., STRUZICK Thomas C.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 49(4), 2007, pp.51-77.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
As medical treatments improve, the number of older adults with HIV is increasing, and the synergistic effects of ageing and HIV may place many at risk of cognitive impairment. However, cognitive reserve and neuroplasticity can be maintained, and in some cases improved, by addressing the biopsychosocial aspects of cognition through strategies such as: reducing alcohol and other substance use; improving nutrition; reducing the effects of comorbid conditions; increasing social contact; reducing depression and stress levels; engaging in cognitively stimulating activities; applying cognitive remediation therapies; and incorporating psychopharmacological interventions. Social workers are in a good position to recognise signs of cognitive decline, and a model for identifying and monitoring affected clients is discussed. (Copies of this article are available from: Haworth Document Delivery Centre, Haworth Press Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580).
Longitudinal follow-up of depressive symptoms among normal versus cognitively impaired elderly
- Authors:
- LI Yan-Sheng, MEYER John S., THORNBY John
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 16(7), July 2001, pp.718-727.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This prospectively designed longitudinal study assesses prevalence, incidence and prognosis of depressive symptoms among cognitively normal elderly volunteers compared with patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), dementia of Alzheimer type (DAT), and vascular dementia (VAD). Possible relationships between depressive symptoms, cognitive performance, disease types, and effects of antidepressant treatment were analysed. Concludes that depressive symptoms among DAT patients have higher rates of spontaneous resolution, without requiring intensive drug treatment, than among VAD patients in whom depressive symptoms are more persistent and refractory to drug treatment. Early depressive symptoms among subjects with MCI may represent a preclinical sign and should be considered as a risk factor for impending DAT or VAD among the elderly.
Memories are made of this
- Author:
- PAYNE David
- Journal article citation:
- Nursing Times, 24.6.98, 1998, p.17.
- Publisher:
- Nursing Times
Reports on how nurses can help memory loss in Alzheimer's patients through the use of memory clinics.
Cognitive intervention for community-dwelling older persons with memory problems: telemedicine versus face-to-face treatment
- Author:
- POON Patricia
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 20(3), March 2005, pp.285-286.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Memory complaints and decline in cognitive function are common in the elederly. Cognitive intervention has been shown to be beneficial in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, few community-based cognitive intervention programs are available in Hong Kong. The aim of this project is to examine and compare the feasibility, acceptability, and clinical outcome of a cognitive intervention program for older patients with mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia using telemedicine versus a conventional face-to-face method. Community-dwelling older subjects with mild dementia or mild cognitive impairments were recruited from a community center. A total of 12 sessions of assessment and cognitive intervention were conducted via videoconferencing or by face-to-face method. Assessment included: Cantonese version of Mini Mental State Examination (C-MMSE), Cantonese version of Rivermead Behavioural Memory test (C-RBMT) and Hierarchic Dementia Scale (HDS). Twenty-two clients were recruited. There was significant and comparable cognitive improvement in clients in both treatment arms. The videoconference arm was highly accepted by the clients and the community center. Overall compliance rate of participants was above 95%. Telemedicine was a feasible, effective and acceptable means in providing cognitive assessment and intervention to older persons with mild cognitive deficits. Promoting such a program to other community settings would further enhance the accessibility of dementia service to the community.
A memory clinic for older people with intellectual disabilities
- Authors:
- HASSIOTIS A., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 7(6), November 2003, pp.418-423.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Cognitive decline in older people with intellectual disabilities (ID) is often under-recognized. Following the publication of the National Service Framework for Older People and the white paper Valuing People, older people with intellectual disabilities of all aetiologies should have access to a systematic assessment of their cognitive function in order to detect decline in cognition and adaptive skills and implement appropriate treatments as early as possible. The development of a memory clinic for older people with ID is described, including instruments used and characteristics of attendees. Such projects are in line with current UK government policies and can contribute to the improvement of standards of care and support research in this vulnerable group of people.
The mental health of older people: report based on the analysis of the ONS survey of psychiatric morbidity among adults in Great Britain carried out for the Department of Health, the Scottish Executive Health Department and the Welsh Assembly Government
- Authors:
- EVANS Olga, et al
- Publisher:
- Great Britain. Office for National Statistics,|Stationery Office
- Publication year:
- 2003
- Pagination:
- 110p.,tables.
- Place of publication:
- London
A chapter of the report is dedicated to each of the following areas: the prevalence of common mental disorder and variations in prevalence with socioeconomic characteristics; variations in prevalence of common mental disorder with experience of stressful life events, social support, and physical health problems; the impact of common mental disorder on self-reported mental and physical wellbeing, activities of daily living and service use; the distribution of cognitive function and variations in distribution with socioeconomic characteristics; the impact of cognitive function on self-reported mental and physical well-being, activities of daily living and service use; and the association between cognitive impairment and common mental disorder and physical health problems.
Prevalence and correlates of behavioral and psychiatric symptoms in community-dwelling elders with dementia or mild cognitive impairment: the Memory and Medical Care Study
- Authors:
- CHAN Ding-Cheng, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 18(2), February 2003, pp.174-182.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Little is known about the prevalence and correlates of behavioral and psychiatric symptoms of dementia in community-dwelling elders with dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Compared to dementia subjects, those classified as MCI had a lower prevalence of any symptoms (psychosis, depression, or agitation), and of agitation. Symptoms of psychosis and depression also were less prevalent, even though differences did not reach statistical significance. In the dementia group symptoms were associated with a report of a physician's diagnosis of dementia, greater functional impairment, and a knowledgeable informants (KI) who was a child/child-in-law. In those with MCI, symptoms were correlated with being white, greater functional impairment, and a younger, less educated, KI. Psychiatric and behavioral symptoms were common in community-residing elders with cognitive impairment, but their prevalence and correlates differed by study classification as having dementia or MCI. Identifying and treating these symptoms may benefit patients with cognitive impairment and their families.
The recognition of dementia in non-EMI (Elderly Mentally Infirm) nursing home residents in South East England
- Authors:
- McDONALD A.J. D., CARPENTER G. I.
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 18(2), February 2003, pp.105-108.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The aim of this article was to estimate the agreement between nursing staff's recognition of dementia and results of MMSE (Mini Mental Status Questionnaire) assessment in a probability sample of non-specialist nursing home residents in South East England, and to identify correlates of disagreement. Results show that cognitive impairment in non-specialist nursing homes appeared to be unrecognised.