Search results for ‘Subject term:"older people"’ Sort:
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Effects of dance on cognitive function in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Authors:
- HEWSTON Patricia, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Age and Ageing, 50(4), 2021, pp.1084-1092.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Background: dance is a mind–body activity that stimulates neuroplasticity. We explored the effect of dance on cognitive function in older adults. Methods: we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL and PsycInfo databases from inception to August 2020 (PROSPERO:CRD42017057138). Inclusion criteria were (i) randomised controlled trials (ii) older adults (aged ≥ 55 years), (iii) intervention—dance and (iv) outcome—cognitive function. Cognitive domains were classified with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 Neurocognitive Framework. Meta-analyses were performed in RevMan5.3 and certainty of evidence with GradePro. Results: we reviewed 3,997 records and included 11 studies (N = 1,412 participants). Seven studies included only healthy older adults and four included those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Dance interventions varied in frequency (1–3×/week), time (35–60 minutes), duration (3–12 months) and type. We found a mean difference (MD) = 1.58 (95% confidence interval [CI) = 0.21–2.95) on the Mini Mental State Examination for global cognitive function (moderate-certainty evidence), and the Wechsler Memory Test for learning and memory had an MD = 3.02 (95% CI = 1.38–4.65; low-certainty evidence). On the Trail Making Test-A for complex attention, MD = 3.07 (95% CI = −0.81 to 6.95; high-certainty evidence) and on the Trail Making Test-B for executive function, MD = −4.12 (95% CI = −21.28 to 13.03; moderate-certainty evidence). Subgroup analyses did not suggest consistently greater effects in older adults with MCI. Evidence is uncertain for language, and no studies evaluated social cognition or perceptual–motor function. Conclusions: dance probably improves global cognitive function and executive function. However, there is little difference in complex attention, and evidence also suggests little effect on learning and memory. Future research is needed to determine the optimal dose and if dance results in greater cognitive benefits than other types of physical activity and exercise. (Edited publisher abstract)
Cognitive reserve in elderly and its connection with cognitive performance: a systematic review
- Authors:
- FARINA Marianne, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Ageing International, 43(4), 2018, pp.496-507.
- Publisher:
- Springer
- Place of publication:
- New York
The cognitive reserve may delay impairments in the normal aging process, improving the resilience in cognitive functioning. The main objective of this study was to investigate, through a systematic review, which variables form the cognitive reserve. Furthermore, the association between the cognitive reserve and the cognitive functioning was also verified. Three judges searched for articles in PsycINFO, Pubmed and Scopus databases. The Cochrane recommendations, which offer directions for systematic reviews and meta-analysis, were utilized. Six surveys were gathered following the criteria of inclusion and exclusion. Studies indicate that gender, age, individual’s education, parents’ education, profession, reading activity, social engagement and humor are the main variables of the cognitive reserve. Education was the most assessed variable in the studies, followed by profession. It was concluded that the main cognitive reserve variable is education and that there is a significant correlation with a healthy cognitive maturation in the elderly. (Edited publisher abstract)
Alcohol, dementia and cognitive decline in the elderly: a systematic review
- Authors:
- PETERS Ruth, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Age and Ageing, 37(5), September 2008, pp.505-512.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Evidence from the review and meta-analysis of results from 23 longitudinal studies of people aged 65 and older suggests that small amounts of alcohol may be protective against unspecified incident dementia (risk ratio 0.63) and Alzheimer’s disease (RR 0.57) but not vascular dementia (RR 0.82) or cognitive decline (RR 0.89). However, studies varied, with differing lengths of follow-up, measurement of alcohol intake, inclusion of true abstainers and assessment of potential confounders. The results should therefore be interpreted with caution and, given the ethical objections to randomised placebo-controlled trials in this area, it may never be possible to know for certainty the relationship between alcohol intake and dementia.
Effects of caregiver-provided individual cognitive interventions on cognition, social functioning and quality of life in older adults with major neurocognitive disorders: a systematic review
- Authors:
- Silva Rosa, et al
- Journal article citation:
- JBI Evidence Synthesis, 18(4), 2020, pp.743-806.
- Publisher:
- Wolters Kulwer
Objective: The objective of this review was to investigate the effectiveness of caregiver-provided individual cognitive interventions for improving cognition, social functioning and quality of life in older adults with major neurocognitive disorders. Introduction: A large number of people with major neurocognitive disorders live in their homes, requiring ongoing community care. Different individual cognitive intervention programs have been explored as a potential approach for implementation by caregivers on a one-to-one basis. These programs have the advantage of being implemented in a home setting and in the real-life context of the older adult, in a society that is increasingly aging and where aging in place is being fostered. Inclusion criteria: This review considered experimental studies that included older adults aged 60 years and over with major neurocognitive disorders who were receiving individual cognitive interventions (e.g. cognitive stimulation, cognitive training or cognitive rehabilitation) provided by their caregivers. The comparator was usual care, wait-list control or alternative therapeutic intervention. The primary outcomes of interest included cognition, social functioning and quality of life. Additionally, behavior, mood and activities of daily living were considered. Methods: A comprehensive search strategy was used to identify relevant published and unpublished studies from January 1995 to March 2018, written in English, Spanish and Portuguese. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria were retrieved and their methodological quality was assessed by two independent reviewers using the JBI critical appraisal checklists for randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies. Quantitative data were extracted using the standardized data extraction tool from the JBI System for the Unified Management, Assessment and Review of Information. Due to the clinical and methodological heterogeneity in the included studies, statistical pooling was not possible. Therefore, findings are presented in a narrative format. Results: Eight randomized controlled trials and two quasi-experimental studies were included, with a total sample of 844 dyads (older adults and caregivers). The number of dyads included in the studies ranged from 16 to 356. Beneficial effects of the caregiver-provided individual cognitive interventions were observed in various cognitive domains, including memory, attention, verbal fluency and problem-solving. Two studies additionally reported the positive impact of the intervention of interest on general cognitive functioning. None of the reviewed studies revealed significant changes in quality of life. Social functioning was not analyzed in any of the included studies. Beneficial effects were also reported in relation to behavior and activities of daily living, despite the low level of evidence. Conclusions: This review responds to a gap in current international literature on the synthesis of evidence on the use of caregiver-provided individual cognitive interventions. The intervention of interest is associated with improvement in cognitive performance, revealing some benefits for the stabilization of neuropsychiatric symptoms and an increase in autonomy in activities of daily living. Further research on the impact of sociodemographic and clinical factors on the intervention effects is needed, as these factors seem to interfere with successful intervention implementation. To reinforce current evidence, the methodological quality of future studies should be improved. (Edited publisher abstract)
Single screening questions for cognitive impairment in older people: a systematic review
- Authors:
- HENDRY Kirsty, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Age and Ageing, 44(2), 2015, pp.322-326.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Background and objective: Single-item screening questions may be a practical first step in screening for cognitive problems in older people. A form of single-item cognitive assessment is proposed in the NHS England and Wales dementia strategy. The authors aim to provide a review and synthesis of the evidence regarding the performance of single-item tests for detection of cognitive impairment. Design: This review used Cochrane diagnostic test accuracy procedures. Two independent researchers searched for relevant papers across multiple, cross-disciplinary electronic databases using previously validated search strings. The index test was any single screening question for cognitive impairment, including factor analysis of multi-item tools. Reference standards included clinical diagnosis and multi-domain cognitive assessments. Results: From 884 titles, 11 studies were identified as eligible for inclusion. Four studies were graded low risk of bias and recruited a representative patient sample. Five papers described a single screening question for cognitive impairment with each using a different question. Sensitivity ranged from 26 to 96% and specificity from 45 to 100%. Six papers described the component analysis of multiple item tools with broadly worded single questions (‘decline in memory function’, ‘changes in ability to think and reason’ or ‘learning new things’) performing best. Conclusion: Informant-based, single-item screening questions show promise for detecting cognitive impairment. However, there was substantial heterogeneity in format and application of single-item screens, and several studies were of poor methodological quality. Currently, there is insufficient evidence to support routine screening using a single-item approach. (Edited publisher abstract)
Continence care for people with dementia at home
- Authors:
- DRENNAN Vari M., GREENWOOD Nan, COLE Laura
- Journal article citation:
- Nursing Times, 110(9), 2014, p.19.
- Publisher:
- Nursing Times
This article summarises key findings of the systematic review 'Conservative interventions for incontinence in people with dementia or cognitive impairment, living at home: a systematic review' by Drennan et al. Searches were carried out on a total of 14 databases, 56 relevant studies were retrieved, and three met inclusion criteria. Interventions included an occupational therapist problem solving invervention, visits by a nurse practitioner, and visits by a nurse practitioner with additional information and a telephone helpline. Inclusive evidence was found to recommend any of the interventions for people with dementia living at home. (Original abstract)
The role of cognitive impairment in fall risk among older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Authors:
- MUIR Susan W., GOPAUL Karen, ODASSO Manuel M. Montero
- Journal article citation:
- Age and Ageing, 41(3), 2012, pp.299-308.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis of 26 prospective studies provide strong evidence that cognitive impairment, assessed using global measures of cognition, are associated with serious fall-related injury although there is no agreement on threshold values. Impairment in executive functioning is also associated with increased risk of falls even when global cognitive status is within normal limits and should be included in falls risk evaluations in older people.
Endurance and strength training outcomes on cognitively impaired and cognitively intact older adults: a meta-analysis
- Authors:
- HEYN P. C., JOHNSON K. E., KRAMER A. F.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging, 12(6), 2008, pp.401-409.
- Publisher:
- Springer
Nursing home residents are often viewed as too frail or cognitively impaired to be able to participate in or benefit from exercise rehabilitation, and those with a Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of under 25 are frequently excluded from such programmes. This systematic review and meta-analysis identifies 41 randomised trials of exercise programmes: 21 conducted with cognitively impaired individuals (defined as MMSE scores of less than 25); and 20 with cognitively intact individuals (MMSE scores over 25). Moderate to large effect sizes were found for both groups, with no statistically significant differences between the two in respect of strength or endurance outcomes. The paper concludes that cognitively impaired people should not be excluded from exercise rehabilitation programmes.
Screening for depression in older adults with cognitive impairment in the homecare setting: a systematic review
- Authors:
- NICULESCU Iulia, ARORA Twinkle, IABONI Andrea
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 25(9), 2021, pp.1585-1594.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Objective: Previous systematic reviews have examined depression screening in older adults with cognitive impairment (CI) in outpatient and inpatient clinics, nursing homes, and residential care. Despite an increasing number of older adults with CI receiving care in their homes, less is known about best depression screening practices in homecare. The objective of this review is to identify evidence-based practices for depression screening for individuals with CI receiving homecare by assessing tool performance and establishing the current evidence for screening practices in this setting. Methods: This review is registered under PROSPERO (ID: CRD42018110243). A systematic search was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Health and Psychosocial Abstracts, PsycINFO and CINAHL. The following criteria were used: assessment of depression at home in older adults (>55 years) with CI, where performance outcomes of the depression screening tool were reported. Results: Of 5,453 studies, only three met eligibility criteria. These studies evaluated the Patient Health Questionnaire (n = 236), the Geriatric Depression Scale (n = 79) and the Mental Health Index (n = 1,444) in older adults at home with and without CI. Psychometric evaluation demonstrated moderate performance in the subsamples of people with CI. Conclusion: At present, there is insufficient evidence to support best practices in screening for depression in people with CI in homecare. (Edited publisher abstract)
Dual task walking costs in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Authors:
- BISHNOI Alka, HERNANDEZ Manuel E.
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 25(9), 2021, pp.1618-1629.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Objective: The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO registration No CRD42020192121) is to review existing literature focusing on effects of different dual task paradigms on walking speed in older adults with and without Mild Cognitive Impairment. Methods: (1) Data Sources: PubMEd, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health, Cochrane library, and Web of Science. (2) Study Selection: The key terms searched included those associated with dual task, walking speed, executive function, older adults, and MCI. (3) Data Extraction: The search yielded 140 results with 20 studies meeting the inclusion criteria, which were rated by two independent reviewers using the Quality Assessment Tool. Descriptions of each study including the single and dual task protocol, outcome measure, and final outcomes were extracted. Meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the dual task effects on walking costs in older adults with and without MCI. Results: Meta-analysis revealed that there were significant differences in the dual task walking costs among older adults with or without MCI (p < .05). Pooled effect sizes of the serial subtraction (9.54; 95%CI, 3.93–15.15) and verbal fluency tasks (10.06; 95%CI, 6.26–15.65) showed that there are higher motor dual-task costs in older adults with MCI than age-matched controls. For quality assessment, all studies ranged from 12 to 16 in score, out of 18 (high quality). Conclusions: In the studies included in this review, mental tracking tasks, consisting of serial subtraction and verbal fluency, were found to be the most sensitive in detecting MCI-related changes in older adults, and could serve an important role as a target measure for evaluating the efficacy of interventions aimed at improving cognitive and motor function in older adults. (Edited publisher abstract)