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Livindhome: living independently at home: reforms in home care in 9 European countries
- Authors:
- ROSTGAARD Tina, et al
- Publisher:
- Danish National Centre for Social Research
- Publication year:
- 2011
- Pagination:
- 252p., bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- Copenhagen
This report presents findings from the project Living Independently at Home: Reforms in organisation and governance of European home care for older people and people with disabilities (LIVINDHOME). The study provides an overview of recent and current reforms in the organisation and governance of home care systems in nine European countries, and analyses the intended and unintended results of these reforms, in particular, how the reforms have affected the organisation, supply and quality of care. The focus of the study is home care for older people and for people with disabilities. In countries that have more family-oriented welfare traditions (Austria, Germany, Italy, Ireland), comprehensive approaches to long-term care have started to develop only relatively recently. Despite increases in funding for long-term care, home care provision in Italy and Ireland remains highly fragmented, with major local variations in access to services. The second group of countries (Denmark, England, Finland, Norway, and Sweden) have had more or less comprehensive home care services in place for many years. These have been delivered by local authorities under a legislative framework set by central government. Reforms have here involved the introduction of market- and consumer-related mechanisms into the supply and delivery of home care.
Wellbeing depends on social relationship characteristics: comparing different types and providers of support to older adults
- Authors:
- MERZ Eva-Maria, HUNHOLD Oliver
- Journal article citation:
- Ageing and Society, 30(5), July 2010, pp.843-857.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Data from 1,146 older people, from the (2002) second wave, of the ‘German Ageing Survey’ is used to explore different types of support, the providers, and the wellbeing of people over 65-years of age in Germany. Emphasis is given to wellbeing differences associated with kin (family member) or non-kin providers, emotional and instrumental types of support and the quality of the relationships with kin and non-kin. Emotional support from kin and instrumental support from non-kin were positively associated with wellbeing. Emotional support from non-kin providers did not associate with wellbeing whereas instrumental support from kin providers had a negative association with one aspect of wellbeing. High relationship quality from either kin or non-kin positively related to wellbeing, agreeing with the authors’ expectations that a good relationship would buffer negative impacts of both kin/non-kin instrumental supports. The authors conclude that when family carer relationships are of high quality, the challenges, frailties and decreasing capabilities associated with ageing can be met with support without compromising wellbeing.
Family carers' experiences using support services in Europe: empirical evidence from the EUROFAMCARE study
- Authors:
- LAMURA Giovanni, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Gerontologist, 48(6), December 2008, pp.752-771.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
This article explores the experiences of family carers of older people in using support services in six European countries: Germany, Greece, Italy, Poland, Sweden, and the UK. Following a common protocol, data were collected from national samples of approximately 1,000 family carers per country and clustered into comparable subgroups to facilitate cross-national analysis. Carers' use of available support services is limited across Europe but is considerably higher in Germany, Sweden, and the UK than in Poland, Greece, and Italy. Service use is more prevalent among wives and carers with stronger support networks and less frequent among working daughters with high levels of burden, suggesting the need for a reconsideration of eligibility criteria and better targeting of service responses. Access to and use of services is characterized by a divide between carers in northwestern Europe, who experience few difficulties other than the older person's refusal to accept the support offered, and carers in southeastern Europe, where service affordability and poor transportation present remarkable barriers. Concerns regarding the timeliness and quality of support are common to all countries. European Union-wide efforts to improve carer support need to focus on improving the care system's ability to provide timely, high-quality care delivered by staff who treat the older person with dignity and respect, and to enhance cooperation between health professionals (in all countries), informal networks (especially in southeastern Europe), social services (particularly in Sweden and the UK), and voluntary organizations (in Germany and the UK).
A place for support: new policies for informal carers in long-term programmes
- Author:
- SCHUNK Michaela
- Journal article citation:
- Benefits, 28, April 2000, pp.22-25.
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
Reviews policy trends for informal carers which have been implemented in various countries between 1996 - 1998. The article focuses on respite care and direct payments for carers of older ill and disabled adults.
Working carers: international perspectives on working and caring for older people
- Editor:
- PHILLIPS Judith
- Publisher:
- Avebury
- Publication year:
- 1995
- Pagination:
- 169p.,tables,bibliogs.
- Place of publication:
- Aldershot
Presents different perspectives on working carers who care for older people. The publication aims to reflect on the different stages in the development of this issue by looking first at the British perspective; then Europe and finally looking at developments in North America.
Implications of subsidiarity for the care of older people in Germany
- Author:
- TESTER Susan
- Journal article citation:
- Social Policy and Administration, 28(3), September 1994, pp.251-262.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Examines definitions and origins of the principle of subsidiarity and its application to welfare systems of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) with particular reference to the care of older people. The German corporatist welfare system is influenced by conservative views about status relations and Catholic teachings on family responsibilities. Since unification of Germany in 1990 new care systems based on the principle of subsidiarity have been imposed in eastern Germany. The FRG's social insurance system is based on entitlement benefits for those fully employed, while women and marginalized groups with low status in the labour market are poorly covered by insurance and may have to rely on stigmatising means-tested social welfare based on subsidiarity. Access to pluralist, fragmented care services depends on eligibility for funding through insurance or social welfare or else on ability to pay. Social care is poorly developed because of the emphasis on insurance and the medical model as well as on the principles of subsidiarity and self help which place an explicit duty on the family, mainly women, to care.
Paying for care: lessons from Europe
- Authors:
- GLENDINNING Caroline, McLAUGHLIN Eithne
- Publisher:
- HMSO/Great Britain. Social Security Advisory Committee
- Publication year:
- 1993
- Pagination:
- 169p.,tables,bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- London
Comparative study looking at financial support for informal carers which has been introduced in some developed countries in the light of demographic trends experienced across Europe.
Needs and preferences of informal caregivers regarding outpatient care for the elderly: a systematic literature review
- Authors:
- PLOTHNER M., et al
- Journal article citation:
- BMC Geriatrics, 19(82), 2019, Online only
- Publisher:
- BioMed Central Ltd
Background: Informal caregivers are an essential pillar for ensuring and maintaining the outpatient care of the frail elderly. Due to demographic changes, including an increase in the number of people in need of care as well as changing social structures (full-time employment of women, increasing number of single households, etc.) these informal care structures are fraught by considerable challenges. To support and facilitate informal caregivers in their role of nursing, it is important to identify their preferences, needs, and thus create a preference-oriented system. Methods: A systematic review was conducted to identify preferences and needs regarding the organization of informal care. The database searches were performed by using EMBASE, Scopus and Dimdi. Results: A total of 44 studies were included in the present review. Studies from 17 different countries provide broad international perspectives. Besides the preferences for long-term care structure, the following four principal topics were identified: (1) informational needs; (2) support needs; (3) organizational needs, and (4) needs for societal recognition. Conclusion: To meet the current challenges in the outpatient or home-based care of elders, it is essential to strengthen the role of informal caregivers. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt and further develop informal care structures according to the needs of informal caregivers. However, demographic, financial and cultural aspects of each country need to be considered as these may influence the preferences and needs of informal caregivers. (Edited publisher abstract)
Governing home care: a cross-national comparison
- Authors:
- BURAU Viola, THEOBALD Hildegard, BLANK Robert H.
- Publisher:
- Edward Elgar
- Publication year:
- 2007
- Pagination:
- 224p., bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- Cheltenham
This book offers a comprehensive analysis of the principle issues surrounding the governance of home care. In this context home care is taken to mean any care and support offered to older people in their homes. The analysis maps out governing arrangements in relation to formal and informal care services, informal care, care workers and users of care across nine countries: Estonia; New Zealand; Italy; the United Kingdom; Sweden; Japan; Germany; the Netherlands; the United States. The authors explore the ways in which country specific contexts shape governing arrangements and bring together insights form social care and public policy literature.
Adult children's supportive behaviours and older parents' subjective well-being: a developmental perspective on intergenerational relationships
- Authors:
- LANG Frieder R., SCHUTZE Yvonne
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Social Issues, 58(4), Winter 2002, pp.661-680.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Reports on a questionnaire survey of 115 adult children from 83 German families looking at supportive behaviours and social motivation. The children also reported what pleased or irritated their parents most. Findings suggest that filial autonomy was associated with resistance to strain. Older parents' satisfaction improved when children expressed affection or gave emotional support. However, informational support from children was associated with decreased satisfaction among parents. Findings suggest that filial autonomy may facilitate supportive behaviours that correspond to older parents' socioemotional needs