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Multiple social roles and role transference: lessons learned from a Chinese American family caregiver
- Authors:
- LUN Man Wai Alice, GORTON Melissa E.
- Journal article citation:
- Health and Social Work, 46(3), 2021, pp.227-230.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
According to the International Alliance of Carer Organizations (2018), as the older adult population has increased, unpaid and family caregiving has become more common across all racial and ethnic groups in the United States and globally. Chinese American family caregivers who are influenced by the value of a familial piety might have a more complex experience on family caregiving (Cheng, Lam, Kwok, Ng, & Fung, 2013; Chien, Chan, & Morrissey, 2007; Tang, 2011; Wang, Shyu, Chen, & Yang, 2011). The call for social workers’ using culturally sensitive approaches to better assist Chinese American family caregivers has been long-standing (Chan & Chui, 2011; Lai, 2010). In my previous study, the culturally sensitive life story approach was examined and found effective in reducing Chinese American caregivers’ stress (Lun, 2019). During the research study, I collaborated with an elder Chinese American family caregiver using an interview process to help her narrate and construct meaning of her caregiving life story. Her life story provides insights on social role change and adaption. These insights help social workers obtain an in-depth understanding on the complexity of family caregiving… (Edited publisher abstract)
Advantageous inequality or disadvantageous equality? Ethnicity and family support among older people in Britain
- Author:
- WILLIS Rosalind
- Journal article citation:
- Ethnicity and Inequalities in Health and Social Care, 1(2), December 2008, pp.18-23.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
There is a popular perception that particular ethnic groups have a stronger sense of filial responsibility than is found in Western European societies, which has led to a belief that formal services are not require by minority groups. However, it has been suggested that some minority ethnic older people are actually in greater need of support, because of factors such as poorer health and lower socio-economic status than the white majority in Britain. Employing data from the 2005 Home Office Citizenship Survey, ethnic group differences in help given to family members are examined. Contrary to prevailing assumptions, there was only one ethnic group difference; black Caribbean older people had significantly lower odds than white British people of supporting members of their household. Support was equally likely among all other minority groups and the white British group, providing nationally representative evidence for an idea only previously speculated upon.
Dual responsibilities among black, Hispanic, Asian, and white employed caregivers
- Authors:
- FREDRICKSEN-GOLDSTEIN Karen I., FARWELL Nancy
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 43(4), 2005, pp.25-43.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
This study was designed to examine differences in caregiver and care recipient characteristics, caregiving and work demands and resources, and role strain among Black, Hispanic, Asian, and White employed family caregivers. Significant differences were found with respect to caregiver and care recipient characteristics, types of assistance provided, and workplace support. Minority caregivers were economically disadvantaged and provided higher levels of care. Whites reported higher levels of role strain than Black and Hispanic caregivers, after controlling for caregiver and care recipient characteristics, demands, and resources. The findings indicate that care giving policies and programs must be broadened to incorporate the strengths and needs of ethnically diverse caregivers. Family practitioners need to be able to assess the applicability and differential impact of particular interventions, policies, and benefits, and to design relevant programs for ethnically diverse caregivers and their families. (Copies of this article are available from: Haworth Document Delivery Centre, Haworth Press Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580)
A grounded theory analysis of the experiences of carers for people living with dementia from three BAME communities: balancing the need for support against fears of being diminished
- Authors:
- BAGHIRATHAN Subitha, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Dementia: the International Journal of Social Research and Practice, 19(5), 2020, pp.1672-1691.
- Publisher:
- Sage
An estimated 25,000 people of Black, Asian and other Minority Ethnic (BAME) origins live with dementia in UK – a number which is expected to increase sevenfold by 2051. People from many BAME communities experience dementia in a markedly different way to their white British counterparts. For instance diagnosis is more likely to occur at an advanced stage of the illness, while there is a lower take-up of mainstream dementia services. This research study focused on the experiences of caregivers for family and friends living with dementia from South Asian, African Caribbean and Chinese communities in Bristol. Data were collected through interviews with 27 participants and 8 focus groups attended by 76 participants. Additionally, interviews were carried out with 16 paid staff and volunteers working for Voluntary and Community Sector Organisations (VCSOs) that provided services for older people from these three communities. As concepts emerged during data analysis, so these were checked with each community. The grounded theory, ‘fear of diminishment’ was present across all communities: participants both needed and wanted support, but they were reluctant to accept this if it came at the cost of being diminished as a person. To resolve this dilemma, informants turned to BAME-led VCSOs, which provided ongoing support and advocated on behalf of their members. However, the services provided by these VCSOs varied and reflected differences in the ways in which communities enacted the theory. Given the increasing importance of cultural diversity within dementia care, this study has important implications for communities across the UK and elsewhere, and points towards the need for sustainable and equitable resourcing of dementia care within BAME-led VCSOs. (Publisher abstract)
Caregiving, residence, race, and depressive symptoms
- Authors:
- SIEGLER Ilene C., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 14(7), September 2010, pp.771-778.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
The literature on the impact of caregiving has found that black caregivers tend to report fewer depressive symptoms. The objective of this study was to evaluate the psychological responses to caregiving between black and white dementia caregivers with different residential arrangements, measured by self-reports of depressive symptoms evaluating the impact of sub-components of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). The method included 87 intergenerational family caregivers enrolled in the Duke Caregiver Study (50 white and 37 black). Three models were examined. The first model tested race, living arrangements, and their interaction. The second model adjusted for age, gender, education, income, health status, cultural justification for caregiving, crime concerns, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and glycosylated haemoglobin. A third model added adjustment for caregiver burden. The results showed that there was a significant race by residence interaction for CES-D, somatic symptoms and depressive affect such that when the dyads are living apart (with the care recipient in their own home or in an institutional setting) whites reported more depressive symptoms than blacks. When the dyads lived together, this was reversed, and blacks reported higher depressive symptoms than whites. To conclude, all the parameters such as race, living arrangements, and the components of depression need to be taken into account to understand the impact of caregiving on the emotional health of caregivers.
Ethnicity and family support
- Author:
- WILLIS Rosalind
- Journal article citation:
- Working with Older People, 12(3), September 2008, pp.27-30.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
The findings of a preliminary study into ethnicity and family support are presented. The study aimed to ascertain the extent of family support given to, and received by, older people from the different ethnic groups in Britain; and the factors, such as social class and family size, that are associated with support. The findings highlight that what is generally defined as 'support' may be interpreted differently within and because of different cultures.
Race disparities in health among older adults: examining the role of productive engagement
- Author:
- HINTERLONG James E.
- Journal article citation:
- Health and Social Work, 31(4), November 2006, pp.275-288.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Productive engagement is a potential pathway to health for older adults, but this relationship varies by race. This study examines the relationship of productive engagement to the health and observed health disparities of older African American and white adults. Productive activities include formal and irregular paid employment, caregiving, volunteering, and informal social assistance. The authors analyzed longitudinal panel data on individuals ages 60 and older from the Americans' Changing Lives survey with generalized estimating equations methods. Indicators of self-rated health and functional status were regressed separately on measures of productive engagement after accounting for sociodemographic differences and prior levels of health. Analyses were stratified by race and compared. Engagement in productive activities predicts better functional status for both groups, but higher self-rated health only among white adults. Number of activities performed was positively related to both health measures for all individuals, and hours of engagement and the ratio of paid to unpaid hours did not predict health outcomes.
The influence of sekentei on family caregiving and underutilization of social services among Japanese caregivers
- Authors:
- ASAI Masayuki O., KAMEOKA Velma A.
- Journal article citation:
- Social Work: A journal of the National Association of Social Workers (NASW), 50(2), April 2005, pp.111-118.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
The Asian family is regarded as a close-knit social unit in which elderly people are believed to occupy a highly respected position. Family members are thought to provide care for elderly parents gratefully because of filial piety. This stereotypic portrayal of Asian families, however, may not apply fully to Japanese families. This article points out misunderstandings and stereotypic views of family caregiving of Japanese elderly people. The article describes how the cultural virtue of filial piety has been incorrectly identified as the major factor influencing underutilization of social services among Japanese family caregivers. The authors provide new insights into Japanese family caregiving by describing the concept of sekentei and how this concept may influence family caregiving of elderly family members and underutilization of social services among Japanese caregivers.
Racial and ethnic differences in family caregiving in California
- Authors:
- GIUNTA Nancy, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 9(3), 2004, pp.85-109.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Family caregivers are the main source of long-term care for older persons in the United States. At the same time, cultural values and beliefs shape decisions surrounding who provides care and whether families use formal support interventions to assist the caregiver. The current article examines how the family caregiving experience differs among racial and ethnic groups in terms of caregiver characteristics, service utilization, caregiver strain, and coping mechanisms. Telephone interviews were conducted in English and Spanish with a random sample of 1,643 respondents in California who provide care to someone age 50 or over. Bivariate analyses showed evidence of ethnic differences in the demographic characteristics of caregivers, intensity of care provided, caregiver health, level of financial strain, religious service attendance, formal service utilization and barriers to formal services. Odds ratios showed that White and African American caregivers were about two times as likely to use formal caregiver services as were Asian/Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander and Latina American caregivers. Implied by these findings is the need for further understanding of caregiver service needs among diverse racial and ethnic groups. (Copies of this article are available from: Haworth Document Delivery Centre, Haworth Press Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580)
London's older people: facts and figures
- Author:
- AGE CONCERN LONDON
- Publisher:
- Age Concern
- Publication year:
- 2001
- Pagination:
- 4p.
- Place of publication:
- London
Statistics updated with the assistance of the Greater London Authority Research and Information Division.