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Ethnic health inequalities in later life: the persistence of disadvantage from 1993-2017
- Authors:
- STOPFORTH Sarah, et al
- Publisher:
- Centre for Ageing Better
- Publication year:
- 2021
- Pagination:
- 11
- Place of publication:
- London
This briefing presents the findings of recent research looking at ethnic inequalities in health in later life in the UK – specifically, how they vary with age; whether levels of inequality have changed over time; and to what extent they can be explained by socioeconomic inequality and self-reported experiences of racism and racial discrimination. The research shows that there are stark inequalities between the health status of different ethnic groups in the UK, with people from some ethnic minority backgrounds experiencing worse health than their White peers. The health status of different ethnic groups begins to diverge at around 30 years of age. From that age on, the gap in health between ethnic minority and White majority groups gets gradually larger and so is particularly pronounced in later life. At any given age after 30, Pakistani and Bangladeshi people experience the highest rates of poor self-rated health; their rates of poor health are equivalent to those of White people who are at least 20 years older. These ethnic health inequalities have persisted, unchanged, for almost 25 years. Ethnic health inequalities result from experiences of racism and racial discrimination which have a direct impact on health by causing physical and mental stress, and an indirect impact through their effect on socioeconomic status. (Edited publisher abstract)
Caregiving as Ministry: perceptions of African Americans providing care for elders
- Authors:
- BENNETT Susanne, SHERIDAN Michael J., RICHARDSON Francesca
- Journal article citation:
- Families in Society, 95(1), 2014, pp.51-58.
- Publisher:
- The Alliance for Children and Families
This article provides qualitative findings from a community-based, mixed-method study of African American caregivers of elders. Using constant comparative analysis of 21 in-depth interviews, investigators explored the reciprocal, interactive influence between caregiving and religion or spirituality. Findings suggested that participants perceived their approach to care as a personal ministry. Analysis of the core category of Caregiving as Ministry identified four characteristics of the participant's care approach: (a) caregiving is an honor and a blessing, (b) caregiving is my identity, (c) caregiving is sustained by a personal relationship with God, and (d) caregiving is a higher calling from God. The article concludes with three implications for direct and community-based social work practice. (Publisher abstract)
Acculturation and functional disability among older Vietnamese-Americans
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Social Work, 23(1), 2014, pp.20-35.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
This study examined the association between acculturation and functional disability among Vietnamese-Americans ages 65 and older. Data came from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series: Version 3.0 of the U.S. Census data. This sample consisted of 2,610 older Vietnamese-Americans representing 5.2% of Vietnamese-Americans from the 2000 U.S. Census data. The authors examined three alternative structural equation models depicting the association between acculturation and functional disability while controlling for possible influences of selected covariates: age, sex, education, income, and length of residence in the United States. Findings indicated that the model depicting the effect of acculturation on functional disability had a better fit than the model depicting the effect of functional disability on acculturation. The non-recursive model, which tested the reciprocal association between acculturation and functional disability, provided strong evidence for the effect of acculturation on functional disability. Findings of the study suggest that researchers should examine the complexity of acculturation and functional disability in the context of immigrants’/refugees’ age and pre-migration experiences. Where immigrants and refugees come from plays a key role in their acculturation and health status. Immigrant and refugee services should focus not only on general acculturation skills, but also on health acculturation skills. (Publisher abstract)
Comparison of elderly suicide rates among migrants in England and Wales with their country of origin
- Authors:
- SHAH Ajit, LINDESAY James, DENNIS Mick
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 24(3), March 2009, pp.292-299.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The black and minority ethnic (BME) elderly population size in England and Wales has progressively increased over the last three decades. A study comparing suicide rates among elderly migrants in England and Wales and in their country of origin using the latest available mortality data from the Office of National Statistics and the World Health Organization was conducted. There were wide variations in standardised mortality ratios for elderly suicides among migrants from different countries compared with those born in England and Wales and in their country of origin. There was convergence towards elderly suicide rates for England and Wales in some migrant groups in males in the age-bands 65-74 years and 75 + years, and in females in the age-band 75 + years. However, males aged 75 + years from most migrant groups had higher rates than those born in England and Wales. A more detailed analysis of suicide of older people from migrant groups is required to determine vulnerability and protective influences.
Care provision for African American elders: family attitudes and strategies
- Author:
- STEWART Pearl
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 6(1), 2008, pp.61-81.
- Publisher:
- Routledge
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia
This study uses a qualitative method and a Kinscripts perspective to examine in detail the attitudes towards caring for their elderly members of a large, extended African American family originating in rural North Carolina. Forty-eight interviews with family members aged 15 to 80 revealed a continued strong commitment to providing care for older people at home, which pre-dates slavery and has its roots in West African culture. There is an emphasis on spreading tasks across a broad range of family members rather than relying on a primary carer, with the majority of older people continuing to live in their own homes. (Copies of this article are available from: Haworth Document Delivery Centre, Haworth Press Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580).
'Get active today': a culturally sensitive physical activity programme for BME elders
- Author:
- POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE ON AGEING AND ETHNICITY
- Publisher:
- Policy Research Institute on Ageing and Ethnicity
- Publication year:
- 2008
- Pagination:
- 6p.
- Place of publication:
- Leeds
The Ageing Actively in Minority Ethnic Communities (AIM) Project has been funded by the Department of Health for the past three years (April 2005 – April 2008). The project Activates, Inspires and Motivates (AIM) black and minority ethnic (BME) elders to be more active - working with them rather than on them. The AIM Project engages BME elders and promotes active ageing by advocating culturally sensitive physical activities. It builds on PRIAE’s BAFTA launched film, Playing our part after 50, which showed ageing actively is something that BME elders do in different walks of life. With the help of 10 key BME community-based projects and 40 older BME individuals, PRIAE commissioned True North Productions to produce ‘Get Active Today’. Elders from the South Asian, African, African Caribbean and Chinese communities demonstrate a range of culturally sensitive physical activities, which are appropriate for older people in their communities and they highlight the benefits of being active.
Just for the record: findings from the pension benefit outreach project 2007
- Authors:
- TRUST HOUSING ASSOCIATION, HANOVER SCOTLAND, BIELD HOUSING ASSOCIATION
- Publisher:
- Trust Housing Association Ltd
- Publication year:
- 2007
- Pagination:
- 21p.
- Place of publication:
- Edinburgh
The Pension Benefit Outreach Project was a project which tackled the acute problem of poor take-up of pension and other benefits by older people in the Black Minority and Ethnic (BME) Communities. The project was created through a partnership between Trust, Hanover (Scotland) and Bield Housing Associations and their existing Equal Opportunities Programme. The project received external funding for 18 months and commenced in 2005 and involved people from the Pakistani, Indian and Chinese communities and also people of Turkish, African, Iranian and Arab origin. The main purpose of this project was to help individual BME older people to understand what benefits and allowances they are entitled to and to help them receive these. The results of the project are reported. The success of this project underlined the importance of active outreach work.
Enhancing the matching model of recruitment through focus groups
- Authors:
- McCALLUM T. J., ARLIEN C. R.
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 10(3), May 2006, pp.312-318.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
The present paper discusses recruitment of older African-Americans for a psycho-physiological study using the matching model of recruitment proposed by Levkoff, Levy, and Weitzman (2000). The hallmark of the model by Levkoff et al. is that there must be a match between research and minority communities’ perspectives in order for successful recruitment and retention of minority participants. The model by Levkoff differs from other recruitment strategies as it incorporates perspectives from both researchers and research institutions, as well as potential minority participants. The importance of holding pre-recruitment community focus groups based upon the tenets of the matching model of recruitment are discussed in this paper, and a community-based partnership research model is presented.
Growing older in a black and ethnic minority group
- Author:
- NORTHMORE Simon
- Journal article citation:
- Working with Older People, 10(1), March 2006, pp.30-33.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
The author presents the results of four studies from the Age Concern England and the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) 'Growing Older Programme' into the quality of life of black and minority ethnic elders. The article also briefly looks at the work of Age Concern East Midlands and VOICE East Midlands, who are jointly developing one of the East Midland's Black and Minority Ethnic Elders projects as a partnership initiative.
Visual impairments, functional and health status, and life satisfaction among elderly Bedouins in Israel
- Authors:
- IECOVICH Esther, ISRALOWITZ Richard E.
- Journal article citation:
- Ageing International, 29(1), Winter 2004, pp.71-87.
- Publisher:
- Springer
- Place of publication:
- New York
Examined the impact of visual impairment on daily functioning and subjective wellbeing of elderly Bedouins (60 or over) by studying 88 who participated in a day care programme in a Bedouin town in southern Israel. Findings show the majority have visual problems in terms of close and distance sight. Impairment significantly correlated with perceived daily functioning, health status and sense of life satisfaction. Discusses the findings in terms of policy and services provision for the elderly. Provides recommendations for additional research.