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The relationships between major lifetime discrimination, everyday discrimination, and mental health in three racial and ethnic groups of older adults
- Authors:
- AYALON Liat, GUM Amber
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 15(5), July 2011, pp.587-594.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
This paper examined the relationship between exposure to discrimination and mental health in three racial groups in the United States. Data from the Health and Retirement Study identified 6,455 White, 716 Latino, and 1,214 Black participants who completed a self-report psychosocial questionnaire in 2006. Thirty per cent of the general population and 45% of Blacks reported at least one type of discrimination. Latinos were significantly less likely to report any everyday discrimination. Blacks reported the greatest frequency of everyday discrimination. Whites reported the highest levels of life satisfaction and the lowest levels of depressive symptoms. Relative to major lifetime discrimination, everyday discrimination had a somewhat stronger correlation with mental health indicators. The relationships between discrimination and mental health outcomes were stronger for White compared to Black older adults. While Black older adults experience the greatest number of discriminative events, they experienced weaker associated mental health outcomes; perhaps because they had become accustomed to these experiences or benefited from social or cultural resources that serve as buffers
Re-examining ethnic differences in concerns, knowledge, and beliefs about Alzheimer's disease: results from a national sample
- Author:
- AYALON Liat
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 28(12), 2013, pp.1288-1295.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The 2010 US Health and Retirement Study was used to evaluate the differences in concerns, knowledge, and beliefs about Alzheimer's disease (AD) in three ethnic groups of older adults (White, Latino, and Black). Data from 939 White, 120 Latino, and 171 Black respondents who completed a special module about AD concerns, knowledge, and beliefs were analysed for the study. Significant ethnic differences were found on 7 of 13 items. However, after the adjustment for education, gender, age, having a family member with AD, depressive symptoms, and medical comorbidity, only four items showed significant ethnic group differences; relative to White respondents, Black respondents were less likely to report that having a parent or a sibling with AD increases the chance of developing AD and that genetics was an important risk for AD. In addition, relative to White respondents, both Black and Latino respondents were more likely to perceive stress as a potential risk for AD. Latino respondents were less likely to perceive mental activity as a protective factor. The study found limited ethnic group differences, with most items showing a similar pattern across groups. Nevertheless, the nature of the ethnic group differences found might be associated with a differential pattern of health service use. (Edited publisher abstract)