Search results for ‘Subject term:"older people"’ Sort:
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Dementia care mapping: a review of the research literature
- Author:
- BROOKER Dawn
- Journal article citation:
- Gerontologist, 45(Supplement), October 2005, pp.11-18.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
The published literature on dementia care mapping (DCM) in improving quality of life and quality of care through practice development and research dates back to 1993. The purpose of this review of the research literature is to answer some key questions about the nature of the tool and its efficacy, to inform the ongoing revision of the tool, and to set an agenda for future research. The DCM bibliographic database at the University of Bradford in the United Kingdom contains all publications known on DCM This formed the basis of the review. Texts that specifically examined the efficacy of DCM or in which DCM was used as a main measure in the evaluation or research were reviewed. Thirty-four papers were categorized into five main types: (a) cross-sectional surveys, (b) evaluations of interventions, (c) practice development evaluations, (d) multimethod evaluations, and (e) papers investigating the psychometric properties of DCM. These publications provide some evidence regarding the efficacy of DCM, issues of validity and reliability, and its use in practice and research. The need for further development and research in a number of key areas is highlighted.
The dignity of older individuals with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias: a scoping review
- Author:
- TOROSSIAN Maral R
- Journal article citation:
- Dementia: the International Journal of Social Research and Practice, 20(8), 2021, pp.2891-2915.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Background: Supporting human dignity is the essence of delivery of care. Dignity is one’s sense of self-value that is influenced by the perceived value attributed to the individual from others. Individuals with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) are at risk of violations of their dignity, due to their diminished autonomy, the alteration in their sense of self, the loss of meaningful social roles, and their limited interactions with peers and confirmation of identity. Objectives: A scoping review was conducted to explore the state of art regarding the dignity of individuals with ADRD. Methods: A search was conducted using CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO. Relevant articles were analyzed and organized based on the themes they addressed, and a narrative description of findings was presented. Results: Twenty-six articles were included in the review. Findings highlighted characteristics of care that affected the dignity of these individuals. Researchers found that care was task-centered, depersonalized, and lacked a genuine connection. Individuals with ADRD experienced embarrassment, lack of freedom, and powerlessness, which contributed to feelings of being devalued, and threatened their dignity. Studies testing interventions to enhance dignity were either inconclusive, lacked rigor, or had no lasting effect. Conclusion: The dignity of individuals with ADRD may be violated during healthcare interactions. More research is needed to objectively measure the dignity of these individuals and examine the effectiveness of interventions aimed at promoting dignity. (Edited publisher abstract)
What is the current state of care for older people with dementia in general hospitals? a literature review
- Authors:
- DEWING Jan, DIJK Saskia
- Journal article citation:
- Dementia: the International Journal of Social Research and Practice, 15(1), 2016, pp.106-124.
- Publisher:
- Sage
This paper summarises a literature review focusing on the literature directly pertaining to the acute care of older people with dementia in general hospitals from 2007 onwards. Following thematic analysis, one overarching theme emerged: the consequences of being in hospital with seven related subthemes. Significantly, this review highlights that overall there remains mostly negative consequences and outcomes for people with dementia when they go into general hospitals. Although not admitted to hospital directly due to dementia, there are usually negative effects on the dementia condition from hospitalisation. The review suggests this is primarily because there is a tension between prioritisation of acute care for existing co-morbidities and person-centred dementia care. This is complicated by insufficient understanding of what constitutes person-centred care in an acute care context and a lack of the requisite knowledge and skills set in health care practitioners. The review also reveals a worrying lack of evidence for the effectiveness of mental health liaison posts and dementia care specialist posts in nursing. Finally, although specialist posts such as liaison and clinical nurse specialists and specialist units/shared care wards can enhance quality of care and reduce adverse consequences of hospitalisation (they do not significantly) impact on reducing length of stay or the cost of care. (Publisher abstract)
The influence of the physical environment on residents with dementia in long-term care settings: a review of the empirical literature
- Authors:
- CHAUDHURY Habib, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Gerontologist, 58(5), 2018, pp.e325-e337.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Background and Objectives: The physical environment in long-term care facilities has an important role in the care of residents with dementia. This paper presents a literature review focusing on recent empirical research in this area and situates the research with therapeutic goals related to the physical environment. Research Design and Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in Ageline, PsychINFO, CINAHL, Medline and Google Scholar databases to identify relevant articles. A narrative approach was used to review the literature. Results: A total of 103 full-text items were reviewed, including 94 empirical studies and 9 reviews. There is substantial evidence on the influence of unit size, spatial layout, homelike character, sensory stimulation, and environmental characteristics of social spaces on residents’ behaviours and well-being in care facilities. However, research in this area is primarily cross-sectional and based on relatively small and homogenous samples. Discussion and Implications: Given the increasing body of empirical evidence, greater recognition is warranted for creating physical environments appropriate and responsive to residents’ cognitive abilities and functioning. Future research needs to place greater emphasis on environmental intervention-based studies, diverse sample populations, inclusion of residents in different stages and with multiple types of dementia, and on longitudinal study design. (Edited publisher abstract)
Computer-based cognitive interventions for people living with dementia: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis
- Authors:
- GARCIA-CASAL J. Antonio, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 21(5), 2017, pp.454-467.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Objectives: To estimate the efficacy of computer-based cognitive interventions for improving cognition in people with dementia (PWD). Method: Online literature databases were searched for relevant studies. Interventions were categorised as follows: cognitive recreation, cognitive rehabilitation, cognitive stimulation or cognitive training. A systematic review, quality assessment and meta-analyses were conducted. Results: Twelve studies were identified. Their methodological quality was acceptable according to Downs & Black criteria, the weakest methodological area being the external validity. The meta-analyses indicated cognitive interventions lead to beneficial effects on cognition in PWD (SMD −0.69; 95% CI = −1.02 to −0.37; P < 0.0001; I2 = 29%), depression (SMD 0.47; 95% CI = 0.16 to 0.78; p = 0.003; I2 = 0%) and anxiety (SMD 0.55; 95% CI = 0.07 to 1.04; P < 0.03; I2 = 42%). They benefited significantly more from the computer-based cognitive interventions than from the non-computer-based interventions in cognition (SMD 0.48; 95% CI = 0.09 to 0.87; P = 0.02; I2 = 2%). Conclusion: Computer-based cognitive interventions have moderate effects in cognition, and anxiety and small effects in depression in PWD. No significant effects were found on activities of daily living. They led to superior results compared to non-computer-based interventions in cognition. Further research is needed on cognitive recreation and cognitive stimulation. There is also a need for longer-term follow-up to examine the potential retention of treatment effects, and for the design of specific outcome measures. (Publisher abstract)
Dementia and cognitive decline: a review of the evidence
- Authors:
- RAY Sujata, DAVIDSON Susan
- Publisher:
- Age UK
- Publication year:
- 2014
- Pagination:
- 38
- Place of publication:
- London
A summary of what is generally accepted and can be trusted on cognitive decline and dementia. This paper clarifies key terms and concepts, filtering out unreliable evidence. It provides an update on the best and most recent brain research and includes information on how the brain changes over time, how it can age healthily and how it is affected by disease. The report focuses on the types of dementia, test and diagnosis of dementia, prevalence, causes, risk and protective factors, and interventions for cognitive decline and dementia. It suggests that five modifiable lifestyle factors are linked with a lower risk of dementia. These are: physical exercise; a Mediterranean diet; not smoking; drinking alcohol in moderation; and preventing and treating diabetes, high blood pressure and obesity. (Edited publisher abstract)
Dementia and suicidal behavior
- Authors:
- CIPRIANI Gabriele, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Aggression and Violent Behavior, 18(6), 2013, p.656–659.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia, including depression, might complicate the course of the disorder additionally. Dementia is more frequent in older people and suicide rates are higher in later life than in any other age group. To explore the phenomenology of suicidal behaviour in patients with dementia, the authors searched electronic databases and key journals for original research and review articles on suicide in demented patients using the search terms “suicide, suicidal behaviour, dementia, Alzheimer disease, and old age”. Although cognitive impairment could result in a diminishing ability to think flexibly and to solve problems or to cope with conflict, in the early stage of dementia such impairments are absent or mild, and suicidal behaviour might be expected, especially following diagnosis. In addition, personality changes based on declining cognitive capacity and the neurochemical imbalances described in late-life depression and in dementia may predispose patients to aggressive or impulsive acts, such as suicide attempt. The literature on suicidal behaviour and dementia highlights the need for further research in this area. (Publisher abstract)
Connections between vision, hearing and cognitive function in old age
- Authors:
- WAHL Hans-Werner, HEYL Vera
- Journal article citation:
- Generations, 27(1), Spring 2003, pp.39-45.
- Publisher:
- American Society on Aging
Looks at the associations between a person's age and level of function in the areas of vision, hearing and cognitive function. Summarises what is currently known about changes in function with age and includes implications for practice. Draws on the findings of recent research.
Cost of illness of Alzheimer's disease: how useful are current estimates?
- Authors:
- BLOOM Bernard S., DE POUVOURVILLE Nathalie, STRAUS Walter L.
- Journal article citation:
- Gerontologist, 43(2), April 2003, pp.158-164.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
The goal of this literature review was to determine the validity and policy relevance of recent estimates from many countries of Alzheimer's disease (AD) costs. The authors searched Medline and other databases for English-language peer-reviewed journals on total, direct, indirect, and per case cost of AD that used 1985-2000 data. Of 71 studies identified, 21 met all criteria for inclusion. Annual inflation adjusted U.S. total costs of AD varied from $5.6 billion to $88.3 billion. AD total per case (direct and indirect) costs varied from $1,500 to $91,000; indirect/family costs varied from $3,700 to $21,000. Cost variation was due to diverse study methods, data sources, services included, and lack of clear differentiation between cost of AD and cost of caring for people with AD. The cost of AD is high, although reliable estimates are not available. Costs are likely to rise given expected demographic shifts in all countries. The widely variable cost estimates call into question the real costs of Alzheimer's disease and their applicability to policy initiatives.
Head injury and Alzheimer's disease: a review of the literature
- Author:
- MORRIS Paul Graham
- Publisher:
- University of Stirling. Dementia Services Development Centre
- Publication year:
- 2001
- Pagination:
- 26p.,bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- Stirling
This literature review on the possible links between head injury and Alzheimer's Disease is necessarily highly technical because this is the nature of currently available literature. The links between head injury and dementia remains inconclusive. The report is written for a clinical and scientific audience primarily.