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Dementia care mapping: a review of the research literature
- Author:
- BROOKER Dawn
- Journal article citation:
- Gerontologist, 45(Supplement), October 2005, pp.11-18.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
The published literature on dementia care mapping (DCM) in improving quality of life and quality of care through practice development and research dates back to 1993. The purpose of this review of the research literature is to answer some key questions about the nature of the tool and its efficacy, to inform the ongoing revision of the tool, and to set an agenda for future research. The DCM bibliographic database at the University of Bradford in the United Kingdom contains all publications known on DCM This formed the basis of the review. Texts that specifically examined the efficacy of DCM or in which DCM was used as a main measure in the evaluation or research were reviewed. Thirty-four papers were categorized into five main types: (a) cross-sectional surveys, (b) evaluations of interventions, (c) practice development evaluations, (d) multimethod evaluations, and (e) papers investigating the psychometric properties of DCM. These publications provide some evidence regarding the efficacy of DCM, issues of validity and reliability, and its use in practice and research. The need for further development and research in a number of key areas is highlighted.
Dealing with dementia: recent European research
- Authors:
- MARKS David F., SYKES Catherine M.,
- Publisher:
- Middlesex University Press
- Publication year:
- 2000
- Pagination:
- 235p.,bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- London
This book is a synthesis of recent European research on dementia care. It is directed towards informal carers, health professionals, journalists and policy makers. The book has three objectives: to discuss in the plainest possible language one of the most significant social questions of the contemporary world – how we are going to deal with the increase in incidence of dementia; to bring together in one place the information, conclusions and recommendations from thirty-four Alzheimer’s Disease projects supported by the European Commission; and to help raise public awareness about facts concerning dementia, especially the fact that dementia is the end product of disease, not an inevitable feature of ageing, and that the problem is increasing dramatically.
The dignity of older individuals with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias: a scoping review
- Author:
- TOROSSIAN Maral R
- Journal article citation:
- Dementia: the International Journal of Social Research and Practice, 20(8), 2021, pp.2891-2915.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Background: Supporting human dignity is the essence of delivery of care. Dignity is one’s sense of self-value that is influenced by the perceived value attributed to the individual from others. Individuals with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) are at risk of violations of their dignity, due to their diminished autonomy, the alteration in their sense of self, the loss of meaningful social roles, and their limited interactions with peers and confirmation of identity. Objectives: A scoping review was conducted to explore the state of art regarding the dignity of individuals with ADRD. Methods: A search was conducted using CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO. Relevant articles were analyzed and organized based on the themes they addressed, and a narrative description of findings was presented. Results: Twenty-six articles were included in the review. Findings highlighted characteristics of care that affected the dignity of these individuals. Researchers found that care was task-centered, depersonalized, and lacked a genuine connection. Individuals with ADRD experienced embarrassment, lack of freedom, and powerlessness, which contributed to feelings of being devalued, and threatened their dignity. Studies testing interventions to enhance dignity were either inconclusive, lacked rigor, or had no lasting effect. Conclusion: The dignity of individuals with ADRD may be violated during healthcare interactions. More research is needed to objectively measure the dignity of these individuals and examine the effectiveness of interventions aimed at promoting dignity. (Edited publisher abstract)
What is the current state of care for older people with dementia in general hospitals? a literature review
- Authors:
- DEWING Jan, DIJK Saskia
- Journal article citation:
- Dementia: the International Journal of Social Research and Practice, 15(1), 2016, pp.106-124.
- Publisher:
- Sage
This paper summarises a literature review focusing on the literature directly pertaining to the acute care of older people with dementia in general hospitals from 2007 onwards. Following thematic analysis, one overarching theme emerged: the consequences of being in hospital with seven related subthemes. Significantly, this review highlights that overall there remains mostly negative consequences and outcomes for people with dementia when they go into general hospitals. Although not admitted to hospital directly due to dementia, there are usually negative effects on the dementia condition from hospitalisation. The review suggests this is primarily because there is a tension between prioritisation of acute care for existing co-morbidities and person-centred dementia care. This is complicated by insufficient understanding of what constitutes person-centred care in an acute care context and a lack of the requisite knowledge and skills set in health care practitioners. The review also reveals a worrying lack of evidence for the effectiveness of mental health liaison posts and dementia care specialist posts in nursing. Finally, although specialist posts such as liaison and clinical nurse specialists and specialist units/shared care wards can enhance quality of care and reduce adverse consequences of hospitalisation (they do not significantly) impact on reducing length of stay or the cost of care. (Publisher abstract)
Dementia in older adults with intellectual disabilities: epidemiology, presentation and diagnosis
- Authors:
- STRYDOM Andre, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 7(2), June 2010, pp.96-110.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The authors conducted a literature review on the epidemiology, presentation and diagnosis of dementia in older adults with intellectual or learning disabilities (ID) and specific genetic syndromes, such as Downs syndrome (DS) using Medline, EMBASE and PsycINFO for original papers in English, German or Dutch, between 1997 and 2008. Articles from the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, United States, Netherlands, Ireland; Japan, South Africa, Scandinavia and Italy had varied methodologies and differences in diagnoses resulting in a wide range of prevalence rates of dementia. Rates of dementia in those with ID, not because of DS, were comparable or higher than those in the general population. The onset of Alzheimers disease in DS appears earlier and the prevalence increases from less than 10% in the 40’s, to more than 30% in the 50’s with varying prevalence reported in those over 60 years. Incidence rates increased with age. Presentation differs in the ID population compared with the general population, with those with DS presenting with behavioural changes believed to be due to frontal lobe deficits. Few studies of dementia in other genetic syndromes such as Rett syndrome, an autistic spectrum disorder, and Sanfilippo syndrome were located in the literature, but these are discussed and tabulated along with others found.
Family-centeredness in dementia care: what is the evidence?
- Authors:
- HAO Zhichao, RUGGIANO Nicole
- Journal article citation:
- Social Work in Health Care, 59(1), 2020, pp.1-19.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Over the last decade, person-centered practices in care for adults with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (AD/RD) has received significant attention from the health care and social service literature, though less attention has been paid to family-centered care (FCC). Initially conceptualized for application in pediatric care, FCC is an approach where clinicians develop partnerships with care recipients’ family members and views family members as having expertise to contribute to the clinical team. More recently, FCC has been extended to the literature on AD/RD care, though little is known about the extent to which family-centered interventions have been developed for use in AD/RD clinical practice, or the effectiveness of family-centered care for this population. To contribute to gaps in scholarship, this systematic review identified and evaluated intervention studies examining FCC in AD/RD clinical care. Implications for research and practice are discussed. (Edited publisher abstract)
The influence of the physical environment on residents with dementia in long-term care settings: a review of the empirical literature
- Authors:
- CHAUDHURY Habib, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Gerontologist, 58(5), 2018, pp.e325-e337.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Background and Objectives: The physical environment in long-term care facilities has an important role in the care of residents with dementia. This paper presents a literature review focusing on recent empirical research in this area and situates the research with therapeutic goals related to the physical environment. Research Design and Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in Ageline, PsychINFO, CINAHL, Medline and Google Scholar databases to identify relevant articles. A narrative approach was used to review the literature. Results: A total of 103 full-text items were reviewed, including 94 empirical studies and 9 reviews. There is substantial evidence on the influence of unit size, spatial layout, homelike character, sensory stimulation, and environmental characteristics of social spaces on residents’ behaviours and well-being in care facilities. However, research in this area is primarily cross-sectional and based on relatively small and homogenous samples. Discussion and Implications: Given the increasing body of empirical evidence, greater recognition is warranted for creating physical environments appropriate and responsive to residents’ cognitive abilities and functioning. Future research needs to place greater emphasis on environmental intervention-based studies, diverse sample populations, inclusion of residents in different stages and with multiple types of dementia, and on longitudinal study design. (Edited publisher abstract)
Computer-based cognitive interventions for people living with dementia: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis
- Authors:
- GARCIA-CASAL J. Antonio, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 21(5), 2017, pp.454-467.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Objectives: To estimate the efficacy of computer-based cognitive interventions for improving cognition in people with dementia (PWD). Method: Online literature databases were searched for relevant studies. Interventions were categorised as follows: cognitive recreation, cognitive rehabilitation, cognitive stimulation or cognitive training. A systematic review, quality assessment and meta-analyses were conducted. Results: Twelve studies were identified. Their methodological quality was acceptable according to Downs & Black criteria, the weakest methodological area being the external validity. The meta-analyses indicated cognitive interventions lead to beneficial effects on cognition in PWD (SMD −0.69; 95% CI = −1.02 to −0.37; P < 0.0001; I2 = 29%), depression (SMD 0.47; 95% CI = 0.16 to 0.78; p = 0.003; I2 = 0%) and anxiety (SMD 0.55; 95% CI = 0.07 to 1.04; P < 0.03; I2 = 42%). They benefited significantly more from the computer-based cognitive interventions than from the non-computer-based interventions in cognition (SMD 0.48; 95% CI = 0.09 to 0.87; P = 0.02; I2 = 2%). Conclusion: Computer-based cognitive interventions have moderate effects in cognition, and anxiety and small effects in depression in PWD. No significant effects were found on activities of daily living. They led to superior results compared to non-computer-based interventions in cognition. Further research is needed on cognitive recreation and cognitive stimulation. There is also a need for longer-term follow-up to examine the potential retention of treatment effects, and for the design of specific outcome measures. (Publisher abstract)
A pilot randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based stress reduction for caregivers of family members with dementia
- Authors:
- BROWN Kirk Warren, COOGLE Constance L., WEGELIN Jacob
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 20(11), 2016, pp.1157-1166.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Objectives: The majority of care for those with Alzheimer's disease and other age-related dementias is provided in the home by family members. To date, there is no consistently effective intervention for reducing the significant stress burden of many family caregivers. The present pilot randomised controlled trial tested the efficacy of an adapted, eight-week mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) programme, relative to a near structurally equivalent, standard social support (SS) control condition for reducing caregiver stress and enhancing the care giver–recipient relationship. Method: Thirty-eight family caregivers were randomised to MBSR or SS, with measures of diurnal salivary cortisol, and perceived stress, mental health, experiential avoidance, caregiver burden, and relationship quality collected pre- and post-intervention and at three-month follow-up. Results: MBSR participants reported significantly lower levels of perceived stress and mood disturbance at post-intervention relative to SS participants. At three-month follow-up, participants in both treatment conditions reported improvements on several psychosocial outcomes. At follow-up, there were no condition differences on these outcomes, nor did MBSR and SS participants differ in diurnal cortisol response change over the course of the study. Conclusion: Both MBSR and SS showed stress reduction effects, and MBSR showed no sustained neuroendocrine and psychosocial advantages over SS. The lack of treatment condition differences could be attributable to active ingredients in both interventions, and to population-specific and design factors. (Edited publisher abstract)
Dementia and cognitive decline: a review of the evidence
- Authors:
- RAY Sujata, DAVIDSON Susan
- Publisher:
- Age UK
- Publication year:
- 2014
- Pagination:
- 38
- Place of publication:
- London
A summary of what is generally accepted and can be trusted on cognitive decline and dementia. This paper clarifies key terms and concepts, filtering out unreliable evidence. It provides an update on the best and most recent brain research and includes information on how the brain changes over time, how it can age healthily and how it is affected by disease. The report focuses on the types of dementia, test and diagnosis of dementia, prevalence, causes, risk and protective factors, and interventions for cognitive decline and dementia. It suggests that five modifiable lifestyle factors are linked with a lower risk of dementia. These are: physical exercise; a Mediterranean diet; not smoking; drinking alcohol in moderation; and preventing and treating diabetes, high blood pressure and obesity. (Edited publisher abstract)