Search results for ‘Subject term:"older people"’ Sort:
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Post-traumatic stress disorder in older adults: a systematic review of the psychotherapy treatment literature
- Authors:
- DINNEN Stephanie, SIMIOLA Vanessa, COOK Joan M.
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 19(2), 2014, pp.144-150.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Objectives: This systematic review examined reports of psychological treatment for trauma-related problems, primarily post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), in studies with samples of at least 50% adults aged 55 and older using standardised measures. Methods: The review of the literature was conducted on psychotherapy for PTSD with older adults using PubMed, Medline, PsychInfo, CINAHL, PILOTS, and Google Scholar.Results: A total of 42 studies were retrieved for full review; 22 were excluded because they did not provide at least one outcome measure or results were not reported by age in the case of mixed-age samples. Of the 20 studies that met review criteria, there were: 13 case studies or series, three uncontrolled pilot studies, two randomized clinical trials, one non-randomized concurrent control study and one post hoc effectiveness study. Significant methodological limitations in the current older adult PTSD treatment outcome literature were found reducing its internal validity and generalisability, including non-randomised research designs, lack of comparison conditions and small sample sizes.Conclusion: Select evidence-based interventions validated in younger and middle-aged populations appear acceptable and efficacious with older adults. There are few treatment studies on subsets of the older adult population including cultural and ethnic minorities, women, the oldest old (over 85), and those who are cognitively impaired. Implications for clinical practice and future research directions are discussed. (Edited publisher abstract)
Social relations and depression in late life: a systematic review
- Authors:
- SCHWARZBACH Michaela, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 29(1), 2014, pp.1-21.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
In this review electronic databases were searched systematically for potentially relevant articles published from January 2000 to December 2012 to analyze the association of social relations and depression in older adults. Thirty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. Factors of social relations were categorized into 12 domains. Factors regarding the qualitative aspects of social relations seem to be more consistent among studies and therefore provide more explicit results. Thus, social support, quality of relations, and presence of confidants were identified as factors of social relations significantly associated with depression. The quantitative aspects of social relations seem to be more inconsistent. Cultural differences become most obvious in terms of the quantitative aspects of social relations. Despite the inconsistent results and the methodological limitations of the studies, this review identified a number of factors of social relations that are significantly associated with depression. The review indicates that it is needful to investigate social relations in all their complexity and not reduce them to one dimension. It is also important to conduct longitudinal studies and to consider cultural differences. (Edited publisher abstract)
Characteristics of nursing home residents and physical restraint: a systematic literature review
- Authors:
- HOFMANN Hedi, HAHN Sabine
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Clinical Nursing, 23(21-22), 2014, pp.3012-3024.
- Publisher:
- John Wiley and Sons
Aims and objectives: Even though the application of physical restraint is highly controversial, prevalence rates show that it is a common intervention in nursing homes. This reviews aimed to analyse and to summarise factors associated with nursing home residents' characteristics which could lead to physical restraint, and to investigate the consequences of physical restraint use for this population. Methods:A systematic literature research involving the databases PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, ISI Web of Science and Cochrane Library was carried out for articles published from January 2005-November 2011. Nine Studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and the quality assessment. Results: Restrained residents had low activities of daily living (ADL) scores and severe cognitive impairment. Residents with low cognitive status and serious mobility impairments were at high risk to be restrained, as well as residents with previous fall and/or fracture. Repeated verbal and physical agitation was found to be positively associated with restraint use. Possible consequences of physical restraint were as follows: lower cognitive and ADL performance, higher walking dependence, furthermore falls, pressure ulcers, urinary and faecal incontinence. Conclusions: This systematic literature review reveals notable resident-related factors for physical restraint use. The consequences of restraint seem to negatively influence residents' physical and psychological well-being. Physical restraint seems to be an important risk factor for residents' further health problems. Nurses need a high level of expertise and competence in evaluating the individual residents′ situation and deciding further steps, with respect for the autonomy and dignity of the person. (Edited publisher abstract)
Effectiveness and feasibility of virtual reality and gaming system use at home by older adults for enabling physical activity to improve health-related domains: a systematic review
- Authors:
- MILLER Kimberly J., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Age and Ageing, 43(2), 2014, pp.188-195.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Background: Use of virtual reality and commercial gaming systems (VR/gaming) at home by older adults is receiving attention as a means of enabling physical activity. Objective: to summarise evidence for the effectiveness and feasibility of VR/gaming system utilisation by older adults at home for enabling physical activity to improve impairments, activity limitations or participation. Methods: A systematic review searching 12 electronic databases from 1 January 2000–10 July 2012 using key search terms. Two independent reviewers screened yield articles using pre-determined selection criteria, extracted data using customised forms and applied the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool and the Downs and Black Checklist to rate study quality. Results: Fourteen studies investigating the effects of VR/gaming system use by healthy older adults and people with neurological conditions on activity limitations, body functions and physical impairments and cognitive and emotional well-being met the selection criteria. Study quality ratings were low and, therefore, evidence was not strong enough to conclude that interventions were effective. Feasibility was inconsistently reported in studies. Where feasibility was discussed, strong retention (≥70%) and adherence (≥64%) was reported. Initial assistance to use the technologies, and the need for monitoring exertion, aggravation of musculoskeletal symptoms and falls risk were reported. Conclusions: Existing evidence to support the feasibility and effectiveness VR/gaming systems use by older adults at home to enable physical activity to address impairments, activity limitations and participation is weak with a high risk of bias. The findings of this review may inform future, more rigorous research. (Publisher abstract)
Loneliness and social support of older people in China: a systematic literature review
- Authors:
- CHEN Yu, HICKS Allan, WHILE Alison E.
- Journal article citation:
- Health and Social Care in the Community, 22(2), 2014, pp.113-123.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This systematic review aims to identify the prevalence of loneliness and its related factors and sources of social support of older people in China. Electronic literature searches were conducted in September 2011 using Web of Science, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, China Academic Journal and VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals. Twenty-six papers were identified and reviewed. The prevalence of loneliness varied across the studies, reflecting the different measurements and samples. Marital status, gender, age, educational level, economic level, living arrangements, health status and social support were significant factors related to loneliness. The family was the most important source of social support followed by friends. The receipt of family support improved subjective well-being and mental health, but the effects of support from friends were inconsistent. Chinese older people received relatively little support from neighbours, governmental or other social organisations. Further well-designed studies are needed to identify additional factors related to loneliness and to understand the support from friends, neighbours, formal organisations and other sources. (Edited publisher abstract)
Continence care for people with dementia at home
- Authors:
- DRENNAN Vari M., GREENWOOD Nan, COLE Laura
- Journal article citation:
- Nursing Times, 110(9), 2014, p.19.
- Publisher:
- Nursing Times
This article summarises key findings of the systematic review 'Conservative interventions for incontinence in people with dementia or cognitive impairment, living at home: a systematic review' by Drennan et al. Searches were carried out on a total of 14 databases, 56 relevant studies were retrieved, and three met inclusion criteria. Interventions included an occupational therapist problem solving invervention, visits by a nurse practitioner, and visits by a nurse practitioner with additional information and a telephone helpline. Inclusive evidence was found to recommend any of the interventions for people with dementia living at home. (Original abstract)
Empirical studies on the effectiveness of assistive technology in the care of people with dementia: a systematic review
- Authors:
- FLEMING Richard, SUM Shima
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Assistive Technologies, 8(1), 2014, pp.14-34.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to assess the empirical support for the use of assistive technology in the care of people with dementia as an intervention to improve independence, safety, communication, wellbeing and carer support. Design/methodology/approach: A total of 232 papers were identified as potentially relevant. Inclusion criteria were: studies published between 1995 and 2011, incorporated a control group, pre-test-post-test, cross sectional or survey design, type of interventions and types of participants. The 41 papers that met criteria were subjected to an assessment of their validity using the model provided by Forbes. Following the assessment seven papers were considered as strong, ten moderate and 24 weak. The review is presented around the following topics: independence, prompts and reminders; safety and security; leisure and lifestyle, communication and telehealth; and therapeutic interventions. Findings: The literature exploring the use of assistive technologies for increasing independence and compensating for memory problems illustrate the problems of moving from the laboratory to real life. The studies are usually limited by very small samples, high drop-out rates, very basic statistical analyses and lack of adjustment for multiple comparisons and poor performance of the technology itself. Originality/value: Research to date has been unable to establish a positive difference to the lives of people with dementia by the general use of the assistive technology reviewed here. (Publisher abstract)
Which activities threaten independent living of elderly when becoming problematic: inspiration for meaningful service robot functionality
- Authors:
- BEDAF Sandra, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology, 9(6), 2014, pp.445-452.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- London
Purpose: In light of the increasing elderly population and the growing demand for home care, the potential of robot support is given increasing attention. In this paper, an inventory of activities was made that threaten independent living of elderly when becoming problematic. Results will guide the further development of an existing service robot, the Care-O-bot®. Method: A systematic literature search of PubMed was performed, focused on the risk factors for institutionalisation. Additionally, focus group sessions were conducted in the Netherlands, United Kingdom and France. In these focus group sessions, problematic activities threatening the independence of elderly people were discussed. Three separate target groups were included in the focus group sessions: (1) elderly persons (n = 41), (2) formal caregivers (n = 40) and (3) informal caregivers (n = 32). Results: Activities within the International Classification of Functioning domains mobility, self-care, and interpersonal interaction and relationships were found to be the most problematic. Conclusions: A distinct set of daily activities was identified that may threaten independent living, but no single activity could be selected as the main activity causing a loss of independence as it is often a combination of problematic activities that is person-specific. Supporting the problematic activities need not involve a robotic solution. Implications for Rehabilitation: design of assistive robotics for the elderly; potential of assistive robotics for the elderly; state of the art of assistive robotics. (Publisher abstract)
Cognitive functioning and its influence on sexual behavior in normal aging and dementia
- Authors:
- HARTMANS Carien, COMIJS Hannie, JONKER Cees
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 29(5), 2014, pp.441-446.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Objective: Motivational aspects, emotional factors, and cognition, all of which require intact cognitive functioning may be essential in sexual functioning. However, little is known about the association between cognitive functioning and sexual behaviour. The aim of this article is to review the current evidence for the influence of cognitive functioning on sexual behavior in normal aging and dementia. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Ovid, Cochrane, and PsycINFO databases. The databases were searched for English language papers focusing on human studies published relating cognitive functioning to sexual behavior in the aging population. Keywords included sexual behaviour, sexuality, cognitive functioning, healthy elderly, elderly, ageing and dementia. Results: Eight studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Of these studies, five included dementia patients and/or their partners, whereas only three studies included healthy older persons. Although not consistently, results indicated a trend that older people who are not demented and continue to engage in sexual activity have better overall cognitive functioning. Cognitive decline and dementia seem to be associated with diminished sexual behavior in older persons. Conclusions: The association between cognitive functioning and sexual behaviour in the ageing population is understudied. The results found are inconclusive. (Edited publisher abstract)
Environmental influences on healthy and active ageing: a systematic review
- Authors:
- ANNEAR Michael, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Ageing and Society, 34(4), 2014, pp.590-622.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
This paper explores the evidence for environmental influences on older adult health and activity participation, identifies current knowledge gaps and limitations within this literature, and offers recommendations for future research via a systematic appraisal of 83 quantitative and qualitative studies. A Cochrane-type review procedure was followed, which incorporated structured database searches, inclusion and exclusion criteria, quality appraisal of included studies, and peer review. The review findings identify support for both personal and environmental influences on health and activity participation in later life. Reported personal influences include ethnicity and cultural norms, energy and motivation, sex, age, education, genetic heritage, self-efficacy, and personal financial circumstances. Reported environmental influences on activity participation include climate, level of pollution, street lighting, traffic conditions, accessibility and appropriateness of services and facilities, socio-economic conditions, aesthetics, pedestrian infrastructure, community life, exposure to antisocial behaviour, social network participation, environmental degradation, level of urbanism, exposure to natural settings, familiarity with local environment and others. (Edited publisher abstract)