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Conceptual model and map of financial exploitation of older adults
- Authors:
- CONRAD Kendon J., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Elder Abuse and Neglect, 23(4), September 2011, pp.304-325.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Financial exploitation is the illegal or improper use of a vulnerable adult's funds, property or assets. The purpose of this US study was to conceptualise financial exploitation of older adults in order to develop a hierarchical conceptual model for elder financial exploitation screening. Statements were generated from a literature review and by local and national panels consisting of 16 experts in the field of financial exploitation. The statements were sorted and rated using specialist software which grouped them into clusters and depicted them as a map. Six clusters were identified and ranked in order of descending severity: theft and scams, financial victimisation (indicating a breach of trust by someone in a position of trust with responsibility for financial matters), financial entitlement (indicating that someone who lives with the older person feels entitled to use their money), coercion, signs of possible financial abuse, and money management difficulties. The article presents the concept map and includes a model linking types of financial exploitation to the older adult's condition and the types of intervention that might be required. An appendix lists the financial exploitation clusters and related statements.
Conceptual model and map of psychological abuse of older adults
- Authors:
- CONRAD Kendon J., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Elder Abuse and Neglect, 23(2), April 2011, pp.147-168.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Psychological abuse of older adults is a hidden and pervasive problem that includes verbal insults and threats, treating the older person like an infant, and isolating them from friends and family. Psychological abuse of older adults is currently not well conceptualised or well measured. The goal of this project was to conceptualise psychological abuse using 3-dimensional concept maps, and to use the concepts generated in this process to develop a theory that could guide measure development for screening and outcome assessment. Panels of local and national experts in the field of elder abuse and neglect and aging were brought together to generate 56 descriptive statements defining psychological abuse. These statements were sorted and rated using Concept Systems software whereby the concepts were depicted as a map. The concept map was comprised of 5 distinct clusters: isolation; insensitivity and disrespect; shaming and blaming; threats and intimidation; and trusted other risk factors. The concept maps guided development of theoretical hierarchies of psychological abuse that should help improve understanding of this type of elder abuse.
Self-report measure of psychological abuse of older adults
- Authors:
- CONRAD Kendon J., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Gerontologist, 51(3), June 2011, pp.354-366.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
The purpose of this study was to develop and test the 31 item Older Adult Psychological Abuse Measure, one scale of the Older Adult Mistreatment Assessment, an elder abuse assessment procedure. Recruitment for the study was from 7 adult protective services agencies in Chicago and surrounding counties. 22 experienced elder abuse staff members were recruited and trained in interviewing for the study; they then recruited and screened 226 clients, administered the client self-report measures through interviews in the home, and completed staff observation questionnaires for each of the clients. The data collected was used to estimate the psychometric properties of the Older Adult Psychological Abuse Measure, which covered all types of psychological abuse (isolation, threats and intimidation, insensitivity and disrespect, and shaming and blaming). This article describes the study methodology and the statistical analysis. It reports that the results supported the validity of using the measure in helping to assess the existence and level of psychological abuse of older adults who were able to self-report, and notes that the measure is now available to help in the assessment of psychological abuse of older adults.