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Comparison of the prevalence and risk factors for depressive symptoms among elderly nursing home residents in Taiwan and Hong Kong
- Authors:
- TSAI Yung-Fang, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 20(4), April 2005, pp.315-321.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Depression in the elderly has become a serious health care issue worldwide. However, no studies have compared the prevalence and risk factors for depressive symptoms among institutionalized Chinese elders living in different regions. The aim was to explore and compare the prevalence and risk factors for depressive symptoms among elderly residents of nursing homes in Taiwan and Hong Kong. Random sampling was used to recruit participants from eight nursing homes in each region. A total of 150 elders from Taiwan and 214 elders from Hong Kong participated. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was significantly higher in participants from Hong Kong (65.4%) than in Taiwan (43.3%). Logistic regression analysis indicated that gender, satisfaction with living situation, perceived health condition, and perceived income adequacy significantly predicted depressive symptoms in elderly nursing home residents in Taiwan. Significant predictors of depressive symptoms in the Hong Kong sample were satisfaction with living situation, cognitive status, and functional status. It is important to consider risk factors specific to a target population when developing depression intervention programmes.
Religious attendance and depressive symptoms among community dwelling elderly in Taiwan
- Authors:
- HAHN Cheng-Yi, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 19(12), December 2004, pp.1148-1154.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The purpose of this study was to investigate the unique association between religious attendance and the prevalence of depressive symptoms among community dwelling elderly persons. Employing a multilevel stratified sampling strategy, a total of 1000 subjects, aged 65-74 and living in Taiwan, were recruited for this interview survey during the year 2001. Aside from background information, the Taiwanese Depression Questionnaire (TDQ) and the Neighborhood Quality Index were used to assess degree of depression and its correlates. Altogether, 863 subjects (age, M = 69.4, SD = 2.7) had complete data for analysis; 215 (24.8%) had had depressive symptoms in the past week. Among them, those who were female, (OR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.59-2.97), illiterate(OR = 2.42, 95% CI = 1.76-3.33), unemployed (OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.24-2.61), or not married (OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.22-2.38), or those who had less family income (OR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.24-2.73), physical illness (OR = 2.68, 95% CI = 1.86-3.86), or less social capital (OR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.88-0.94), were at higher risk of being depressed. Moreover, those (95.2% with religious belief ) who had not attended religious activities during the past 6 months were at higher risk of being depressed than those (100% with religious belief ) who had (OR = 2.63, 95% CI = 1.41-4.91). Multivariate logistic regression disclosed that those never attending religious activities were 2.70 times more likely to be depressed when compared to those who had, after taking into consideration sociodemographics and social capital.
Income transfers to the elderly in East Asia: testing Asian values
- Author:
- KWON Huck-ju
- Publisher:
- London School of Economics. Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion
- Publication year:
- 1999
- Pagination:
- 26p.,bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- London
Paper examining the role of family and the state in relation to the living standards of older people in East Asia. Aims to test whether familial arrangements according to Confucian ethics, which are still taken seriously in East Asia, secures the minimum standards of living for older people in Japan, South Korea and Taiwan. Argues that public policy in the region assumes the family is primarily responsible for older people's living standards.
Effect of board game activities on cognitive function improvement among older adults in adult day care centers
- Author:
- CHING-TENG Yao
- Journal article citation:
- Social Work in Health Care, 58(9), 2019, pp.825-838.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Stimulating leisure activities are considered as possible protective factors against dementia and cognitive decline in older adults, particularly due to the enhancement of cognitive reserve. This study tested the effectiveness of board game activities improving the cognitive function of older adults in adult day care centres. This was a quasi‐experimental study. A purposive sampling strategy was used to select 82 subjects who were aged 65 and above with intact mental functions and currently residing in adult day care centres. 41 subjects who participated in a selection of 12 board game activities were assigned to the experimental group and 41 subjects who adhered to their ordinary activities were allocated to the control group. Structured questionnaires of the board game programs were used for data collection. The board game programs showed promising effects in the cognitive function of older adults living in adult day care centres. A possible beneficial effect of board game playing on the risk of dementia could be mediated by a less cognitive decline in older adults. Board game activities may benefit the cognitive function of older adults. Incorporating board game activities into social work care may help develop long‐term care into a more diverse, unique and innovative direction. (Edited publisher abstract)
Social exclusion experienced by older adults: factors for designing healthcare settings in Taipei, Taiwan
- Authors:
- HSIEH Mei-O, LEUNG Patrick
- Journal article citation:
- Social Work in Health Care, 58(4), 2019, pp.368-381.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Research has demonstrated that social exclusion can lead to negative implications on an individual’s health status. In response to the need to examine health disparities among the older adult populations, this study explores social exclusion issues faced by older Taiwanese adults as a predictive factor to healthcare. The 80-item Social Inclusion/Exclusion Scale was developed and validated with input from 327 older adults recruited from 40 social service agencies in Taiwan. Findings suggest that to improve the overall health status among older Taiwanese adults, healthcare reforms must aim to increase social inclusion levels through a better understanding of five factors at both the service provider and individual levels: 1) knowledge of service provisions, 2) depression, 3) individual autonomy, 4) types of care home, and 5) gender-sensitive practice. (Publisher abstract)
Positive effects of art therapy on depression and self-esteem of older adults in nursing homes
- Authors:
- CHING-TENG Yao, YA-PING Yang, YU-CHIA Chen
- Journal article citation:
- Social Work in Health Care, 58(3), 2019, pp.324-338.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Depression and self‐esteem affects the health and quality of life of older adults who live in nursing homes. This study tested the effectiveness of art therapy activities on reducing the depression and improving the self-esteem of elderly living in long‐term care institutes. This was a quasi‐experimental study. A purposive sampling strategy was used to select 55 subjects who were aged 65 and above with intact mental functions and depression tendencies and currently residing in nursing homes in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. 29 subjects who participated in a selection of 12 artistic activities were assigned to the experimental group and 26 subjects who adhered to their ordinary activities were allocated to the control group. Structured questionnaires of the artistic group were used for data collection. The art therapy programmes showed promising effects in improving the depression and self‐esteem of older adults living in nursing homes. Art therapy activities benefit the mental health of older adults. Incorporating artistic activities into social work care may help develop long‐term care into a more diverse, unique, and innovative direction. (Publisher abstract)
Health outcomes associated with participating in community care centres for older people in Taiwan
- Authors:
- CHIANG Yu‐Hsien, HSU Hui‐Chuan
- Journal article citation:
- Health and Social Care in the Community, 27(2), 2019, pp.337-347.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Community care centres (CCCs) are widespread across Taiwan and have provided health promotion and social activities for older people in communities since 1995. The purpose of this study was to describe the status of the delivery and management of CCCs for older people, and to explore the effects of individual factors and the organisational factors on the health‐related outcome of older people's participation in CCCs. The sample was taken from participants at CCCs in Taichung, Taiwan. Twenty‐five CCCs participated in the study. The managers and the elderly participants of CCCs underwent face‐to‐face interviews. In total, 417 elderly participants and 25 chiefs completed the face‐to‐face interviews. The participants reported that self‐reported health, sleep quality, memory, family relationships, care for health, and health literacy improved after they participated in the programme. There were no consistent organisational factors related to the outcomes. However, management style was related to sleep quality improvement and staffing getting paid was related to family relationship improvement. Policy recommendations are provided. (Edited publisher abstract)
Diagnostic accuracy of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living for dementia in community-dwelling older adults
- Authors:
- MAO Hui-Fen, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Age and Ageing, 47(4), 2018, p.551–557.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Background: many people living with dementia remain underdiagnosed and unrecognised. Screening strategies are important for early detection. Objective: to examine whether the Lawton’s Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scale, compared with other cognitive screening tools—the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and the Ascertain Dementia 8-item Informant Questionnaire (AD8)—can identify older (≥ 65 years) adults with dementia. Design: population-based cross-sectional observational study. Setting: all 19 counties in Taiwan. Participants: community-dwelling older adults (n = 10,340; mean age 74.87 ± 6.03). Methods: all participants underwent a structured in-person interview. Dementia was identified using National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association core clinical criteria for all-cause dementia. Receiver operator characteristic curves were used to determine the discriminant abilities of the IADL scale, MMSE and AD8 to differentiate participants with and without dementia. Results: 917 (8.9%) participants with dementia were identified, and 9,423 (91.1%) participants without. The discriminant abilities of the MMSE, AD8 and IADL scale (cutoff score: 6/7; area under curve = 0.925; sensitivity = 89%; specificity = 81%; positive likelihood ratio = 4.75; accuracy = 0.82) were comparable. Combining IADL with AD8 scores significantly improved overall accuracy: specificity = 93%; positive likelihood ratio = 11.74; accuracy = 0.92. Conclusions: the findings support using IADL scale to screen older community-dwelling residents for dementia: it has discriminant power comparable to that of the AD8 and MMSE. Combining the IADL and the AD8 improves specificity. (Edited publisher abstract)
Evaluation of a combined cognitive-behavioural and exercise intervention to manage fear of falling among elderly residents in nursing homes
- Authors:
- HUANGA Tzu-Ting, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 20(1), 2016, pp.2-12.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Objectives: Although the fear of falling is common among elderly residents in long-term care facilities, interventions developed for fear of falling management is very rare. Of these limited interventions, most were exercise interventions with only limited testing. The cognitive-behavioural intervention can decrease the fear of falling; however no intervention of the kind was developed and assessed to decrease fear of falling among the elderly in long-term care facilities. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural strategies either with or without exercise in reducing fear of falling among elderly residents in nursing homes. Method: A prospective randomized control trial was conducted in six nursing homes in northern Taiwan. Seventy-five elderly participants were randomly assigned to one of the three groups: the comparison group, the cognitive-behavioural strategies with or without exercise group. The fear of falling, falls, depressive inclination, mobility, and muscle strength of extremities were collected at the two-month and five-month follow-up sessions, in which the progress of the patients were assessed. Results: The mixed model analysis revealed that elderly adults in the combination experimental group had significant improvements compared with the other two groups on fear of falling, depressive inclination, mobility, and muscle strength at five months. The incidences of falls, post intervention, in both experimental groups were significantly lower than those in the comparison group. Conclusions: The results suggest that the combination intervention helped elderly residents manage their fear of falling and falls, decrease their depressive inclination, and enhance their mobility and muscle strength. (Publisher abstract)
Care workers in long-term care for older people: challenges of quantity and quality
- Author:
- CHEN Lisa Henglien
- Journal article citation:
- European Journal of Social Work, 17(3), 2014, pp.383-401.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
This article, drawing on a qualitative study in England, the Netherlands and Taiwan, explores how countries with very different care systems address the challenge of securing sufficient numbers of care workers with appropriate skills in ageing care. The analysis exposes the salient features of care systems, ageing-care markets and the ageing-care workforce in the three countries. To support the analysis, examples of how the countries attempt to recruit and retain ageing-care workers are provided. Key findings are that to secure an adequate number of skilled ageing-care workers, job satisfaction, coherence between care and labour policies and equal working conditions across sectors are vital. A quality ageing-care worker requires regular professional supervision and support, resources for ongoing training and career development opportunities. Most importantly, securing a sufficient number of ageing-care workers and ensuring they have appropriate skills are not isolated challenges but are interlinked and require collaboration between a range of care actors. (Publisher abstract)