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COVID 19 and dementia: experience from six European countries
- Authors:
- BURNS Alistair, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, early cite 18 January 2021,
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The effects of Covid‐19 have been well documented across the world with an appreciation that older people and in particular those with dementia have been disproportionately and negatively affected by the pandemic. This is both in terms of their health outcomes (mortality and morbidity), care decisions made by health systems and the longer‐term effects such as neurological damage. The International Dementia Alliance (IDEAL) is a group of dementia specialists from six European countries and this paper is a summary of our experience of the effects of COVID‐19 on our populations. Experience from England, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain and Switzerland highlight the differential response from health and social care systems and the measures taken to maximise support for older people and those with dementia. The common themes include recognition of the atypical presentation of COVID‐19 in older people (and those with dementia) the need to pay particular attention to the care of people with dementia in care homes; the recognition of the toll that isolation can bring on older people and the complexity of the response by health and social services to minimise the negative impact of the pandemic. Potential new ways of working identified during the pandemic could serve as a positive legacy from the crisis. (Edited publisher abstract)
Regulating the delivery of cash‐for‐care payments across Europe
- Authors:
- GORI Cristiano, LUPPI Matteo
- Journal article citation:
- Social Policy and Administration, 53(4), 2019, pp.567-578.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The article aims to understand how governments across Europe have modified the regulation of the delivery of cash‐for‐care schemes (CfCs) to dependent older people since the beginning of the century. In our terminology, the regulation of the CfCs delivery defines the norms, rules, and practices that public actors adopt to manage how beneficiaries can use the benefits. To discuss the regulation of CfCs delivery, an original framework is employed that take three analytical dimensions into account: the degrees of freedom in benefits' utilization (“CfCs utilization” dimension), the provision of information/orientation/advices/counselling to older people and families (“professional support” dimension), and the relationship between the delivery of CfCs and the delivery of the other publicly funded long‐term care inputs (“care system” dimension). The analysis adopts a comparative perspective, looking at six countries—Italy, Austria, the Netherlands, France, Germany, and England. Among various findings, the main one consists in showing that there has been a shared and increased interest in consolidating the regulation of CfCs delivery. This trend has been mostly directed towards the new policy aim of strengthening the professional support, a goal underestimated in the past, when this dimension was not a major topic of both debate and practice concerning CfCs across Europe. (Edited publisher abstract)
An international comparison of long-term care funding and outcomes: insights for the social care green paper
- Author:
- INCISIVE HEALTH
- Publisher:
- Incisive Health
- Publication year:
- 2018
- Pagination:
- 49
- Place of publication:
- London
This report, commissioned by Age UK, highlights different approaches to long-term care taken by five countries in the developed world, and looks at how they compare to the system in England. These five countries have very different systems, but face similar demographic and financial challenges to those in England. The countries are France, Germany, Spain, Italy and Japan. The report compares the approaches in relation to: service structures, funding levels, funding models, and outcomes. The findings suggest that creating a sustainable social care system fit for a rapidly ageing population is a challenge in every one of these countries. However, it finds that the financial deal for citizens with care needs is often more generous in other countries in comparison to England, with other nations generally either providing some non-means tested basic level of support, and/or cap the amount of co-payment to be made, and/or use a more gradual means-test. Profiles for each of the five countries are also included. (Edited publisher abstract)
Regulating long-term care quality: an international comparison
- Editors:
- MOR Vincent, LEONE Tiziana, MARESSO Anna
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
- Publication year:
- 2014
- Pagination:
- 519
- Place of publication:
- Cambridge
This edited book provides a comprehensive international survey of long-term care provision and regulation, built around a series of case studies from Europe, North America and Asia. The analytical framework allows the different approaches that countries have adopted to be compared side by side and readers are encouraged to consider which quality assurance approaches might best meet their own country's needs. Wider issues underpinning the need to regulate the quality of long-term care are also discussed. The book is aimed at policymakers working in the health care sector, researchers and students taking graduate courses on health policy and management. (Edited publisher abstract)
Dependency care in the EU: a comparative analysis
- Author:
- KAMETTE Florence
- Publisher:
- Fondation Robert Schuman
- Publication year:
- 2011
- Pagination:
- 9p.
- Place of publication:
- Paris
The ageing population together with the collapse of family solidarity means that managing old age dependency is a problem common to all European countries. In France, reform of the ‘personalised autonomy allowance’ (APA) currently being paid to the dependent elderly is under debate. This policy paper analyses the way that 6 European Member States address the problem of old age dependency to provide an illustration of various possible solutions. These 6 countries, Germany, England, Denmark, Spain, Italy and the Netherlands have been selected because their social protection systems are inspired differently and offer more or less generous types of cover. Germany and Spain have introduced specific, all-encompassing measures to manage dependency, unlike Denmark where local social security payments have gradually developed to cope with the requirements of an ageing population. England, Italy and the Netherlands distinguish between care and other services which are required by increasingly dependent people, the former depend on the healthcare system and the latter are provided for by the local authorities.
COVID-19 and policies for care homes in the first wave of the pandemic in European welfare states: Too little, too late?
- Authors:
- DALY Mary, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of European Social Policy, 32(1), 2022, pp.48-59.
- Publisher:
- Sage
This article examines COVID-19 and residential care for older people during the first wave of the pandemic in 2020, comparing a range of countries – Denmark, England, Germany, Italy and Spain – to identify the policy approaches taken to the virus in care homes and set these in institutional and policy context. Pandemic policies towards care homes are compared in terms of lockdown, testing and the supply of personal protective equipment. The comparative analysis shows a clear cross-national clustering: Denmark and Germany group together by virtue of the proactive approach adopted, whereas England, Italy and Spain had major weaknesses resulting in delayed and generally inadequate responses. The article goes on to show that these outcomes and country clustering are embedded in particular long-term care (LTC) policy systems. The factors that we highlight as especially important in differentiating the countries are the resourcing of the sector, the regulation of LTC and care homes, and the degree of vertical (and to a lesser extent horizontal) coordination in the sector and between it and the health sector. (Edited publisher abstract)
Information and choice of residential care provider for older people: a comparative study in England, the Netherlands and Spain
- Authors:
- TRIGG Lisa, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Ageing and Society, 38(6), 2018, pp.1121-1147.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
This study compared how older people use quality information to choose residential care providers in England, the Netherlands and Spain (Catalonia). The availability of information varies between each country, from detailed inspection and survey information in the Netherlands, through to a lack of publicly available information in Catalonia. We used semi-structured interviews and group workshops with older people, families and professionals to compare experiences of the decision-making process and quality information, and also to explore what quality information might be used in the future. We found that most aspects of the decision-making experience and preferences for future indicators were similar across the three countries. The use of quality information was minimal across all three, even in England and the Netherlands where information was widely available. Differences arose mainly from factors with the supply of care. Older people were most interested in the subjective experiences of other residents and relatives, rather than ‘hard’ objective indicators of aspects such as clinical care. We find that the amount of publicly available quality information does not in itself influence the decisions or the decision-making processes of older people and their carers. To improve the quality of decisions, more effort needs to be taken to increase awareness and to communicate quality in more accessible ways, including significant support from professionals and better design of quality information. (Edited publisher abstract)
Who cares? A comparison of informal and formal care provision in Spain, England and the USA
- Authors:
- SOLE-AURO Aida, CRIMMINS Eileen M.
- Journal article citation:
- Ageing and Society, 34(3), 2014, pp.495-517.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
This paper investigates the prevalence of incapacity in performing daily activities and the associations between household composition and availability of family members and receipt of care among older adults with functioning problems in Spain, England and the United States of America (USA). The study examines how living arrangements, marital status, child availability, limitations in functioning ability, age and gender affect the probability of receiving formal care and informal care from household members and from others in three countries with different family structures, living arrangements and policies supporting care of the incapacitated. Data sources include the 2006 Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe for Spain, the third wave of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (2006), and the eighth wave of the USA Health and Retirement Study (2006). Logistic and multinomial logistic regressions are used to estimate the probability of receiving care and the sources of care among persons age 50 and older. The percentage of people with functional limitations receiving care is higher in Spain. More care comes from outside the household in the USA and England than in Spain. The use of formal care among the incapacitated is lowest in the USA and highest in Spain. (Edited publisher abstract)
Diversification of old-age care services for older people: trade-offs between coverage, diversification and targeting in European countries
- Authors:
- SUNDSTRÖM Gerdt, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Care Services Management, 5(1), January 2011, pp.35-42.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
The two major public services for older people are institutional care and home care. In addition to these, a number of other low-level support services have also developed including transportation, meals-on-wheels, alarm systems, and day care. Using secondary analysis of a number of earlier surveys, this paper provides information on the way in which all of these types of support are allocated and who uses them in six different countries: Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Germany, England, Spain, and Israel. It also provides a closer scrutiny of Swedish service profiles. When all types of support are considered, service coverage in these countries is approximately 50% to 100% higher than for the two major types alone. The results suggest that countries with higher service levels target all their services more strictly by needs than countries with lower service levels. In countries with lower user rates, users may get what is available with little differentiation between their needs. The article suggests that a range of services, major and minor, may suit the varying needs of older people, and that minor services may also be used as an inexpensive substitute for full support.
EFORTT: ethical frameworks for telecare technologies for older people at home: final research report
- Author:
- LANCASTER UNIVERSITY
- Publisher:
- Lancaster University
- Publication year:
- 2012
- Pagination:
- 31p.
- Place of publication:
- Lancaster
EFORTT (Ethical Frameworks for Telecare technologies for older people at home) is an EU funded project which aimed to examine the ethical, social and gender implications of telecare interventions (remote care technologies worn, installed or embedded in homes) for older citizens in Spain, England, Norway and the Netherlands. The project involved the use of fieldwork (including documentary analysis, practice observations, and interviews with users, carers and practitioners) to gather information about preventive and responsive remote care practices, and recruitment of citizens' panels of older people and carers in each of the 4 partner countries as forums for views on telecare and future directions of care. Analysis of findings from the research was used to identify key themes and issues to inform discussion at the September 2010 Ageing with Technologies participative conference on care in Europe for practitioners, users, carers, policy makers and academics, the concluding session of which brought together proposals and priorities for future action on telecare which emerged from the discussions. This report describes the context and main findings of the research and its implications for policy and practice. The recommendations for ethical telecare development include providing care at home that is meaningful, sufficient and dignified, and ensuring engagement of older people in designing, developing and decision making about care.