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Elder abuse in long-term care residences and the risk indicators
- Authors:
- COHEN Miri, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Ageing and Society, 30(6), August 2010, pp.1027-1040.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of abuse among the residents of long-term care facilities and its associations with risk indicators. The sample was 71 patients with good cognition aged 70 years or more years hospitalised in internal medicine and orthopaedic departments in 2 major university hospitals in Israel. The patients were assessed for possible abuse by carers at the nursing home or sheltered home facilities from which they had been admitted. The study collected socio-demographic and health profiles and a list of maltreatment or abusive acts, and administered the Signs of Abuse Inventory and the Expanded Indicators of Abuse Questionnaire. Among the 71 residents, 31 per cent reported some form of maltreatment, most being instances of disrespectful behaviour. Signs of abuse, mostly of neglect, were detected in 22.5 per cent of the sample. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that higher scores on risk indicators and higher dependence on others for the activities of daily living significantly associated with reported abuse, while age, gender, risk indicators and lower blood albumin level (being an indicator of worse nutritional and health status) significantly associated with identified signs of abuse. It is concluded that direct questioning mainly discloses instances of disrespectful behaviours and humiliation, while the assessment of signs of abuse is more sensitive to cases of neglect. Risk indicators were found to be reliable indicators of abuse. Routine screening for these indicators is recommended to improve detection and thereby to prevent abuse in long-term care facilities.
Emotional suppression, caregiving burden, mastery, coping strategies and mental health in spousal caregivers
- Authors:
- KHALAILA Rabia, COHEN Miri
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 20(9), 2016, pp.908-917.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Objectives: The main aim was to explore the multiple mediation effects of personal resources (mastery, engagement and disengagement coping strategies) between caregiving burden and depression in spousal caregivers, based on integrated stress process models. A further aim was to examine whether emotional suppression moderates the relationship between perceived burden and depression. Method: Cross-sectional data were collected in 2010–2011 by structured interviews from a sample of 110 spousal caregivers. Coefficients strategy with bootstrapping tested the strength and significance of the conditional indirect effects of simultaneous multiple mediators; and the conditional effect of burden on depression at different emotional suppression values. Results: Caregiving burden was indirectly associated with depression, through mastery and disengagement coping, but not through engagement coping. Mastery was negatively associated with depression, while disengagement coping was positively associated with depression. Emotional suppression and functional disability were positively associated with depressive symptoms. A significant burden-by-emotional suppression interaction was found for predicting depressive symptoms. Conclusion: The study supports the conditional indirect effect in which burden can affect depression by reducing the mastery and increasing the disengagement coping simultaneously. The study provides also initial support for the moderating effect of emotional suppression, which can increase the deleterious effects of burden on depression. Researchers and practitioners should be aware of these issues of family care in spousal caregivers. (Publisher abstract)