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The discrepancy between social isolation and loneliness as a clinically meaningful metric: findings from the Irish and English longitudinal studies of ageing (TILDA and ELSA)
- Authors:
- McHUGH J.E., et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 32(6), 2017, pp.664-674.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Objective: Scant evidence is available on the discordance between loneliness and social isolation among older adults. The authors aimed to investigate this discordance and any health implications that it may have. Method: Using nationally representative datasets from ageing cohorts in Ireland (TILDA) and England (ELSA), they created a metric of discordance between loneliness and social isolation, to which are referred to as Social Asymmetry. This metric was the categorised difference between standardised scores on a scale of loneliness and a scale of social isolation, giving categories of: Concordantly Lonely and Isolated, Discordant: Robust to Loneliness, or Discordant: Susceptible to Loneliness. The authors used regression and multilevel modelling to identify potential relationships between Social Asymmetry and cognitive outcomes. Results: Social Asymmetry predicted cognitive outcomes cross-sectionally and at a two-year follow-up, such that Discordant: Robust to Loneliness individuals were superior performers, but the authors were unable to find evidence for Social Asymmetry as a predictor of cognitive trajectory over time. Conclusions: The authors present a new metric and preliminary evidence of a relationship with clinical outcomes. Further research validating this metric in different populations, and evaluating its relationship with other outcomes, is warranted. (Edited publisher abstract)
Suicide statistics report 2016: including data for 2012-2014
- Author:
- SCOWCROFT Elizabeth
- Publisher:
- Samaritans
- Publication year:
- 2016
- Pagination:
- 44
- Place of publication:
- London
A collation of suicide statistics for the UK, England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland using information available from the official statistics bodies for the years 2012-2014. The document provides data and a description of the suicide rates in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland, identifying trends and including breakdowns by age group. It also provides details about how to use suicide data and the differences between countries’ ways of producing them. It reports that there were 6,581 suicides in the UK and Republic of Ireland, in 2014. The figures suggest that rates of suicide in men are decreasing and female rates are increasing, although men remain more than three times more likely to take their own lives than women across the UK and Republic of Ireland. (Edited publisher abstract)
Livindhome: living independently at home: reforms in home care in 9 European countries
- Authors:
- ROSTGAARD Tina, et al
- Publisher:
- Danish National Centre for Social Research
- Publication year:
- 2011
- Pagination:
- 252p., bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- Copenhagen
This report presents findings from the project Living Independently at Home: Reforms in organisation and governance of European home care for older people and people with disabilities (LIVINDHOME). The study provides an overview of recent and current reforms in the organisation and governance of home care systems in nine European countries, and analyses the intended and unintended results of these reforms, in particular, how the reforms have affected the organisation, supply and quality of care. The focus of the study is home care for older people and for people with disabilities. In countries that have more family-oriented welfare traditions (Austria, Germany, Italy, Ireland), comprehensive approaches to long-term care have started to develop only relatively recently. Despite increases in funding for long-term care, home care provision in Italy and Ireland remains highly fragmented, with major local variations in access to services. The second group of countries (Denmark, England, Finland, Norway, and Sweden) have had more or less comprehensive home care services in place for many years. These have been delivered by local authorities under a legislative framework set by central government. Reforms have here involved the introduction of market- and consumer-related mechanisms into the supply and delivery of home care.
Defining responsibility for care: approaches to care of older people in six European countries
- Author:
- BLACKMAN Tim
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Social Welfare, 9(3), July 2000, pp.181-190.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This article examines the social care of older people in six contrasting European countries. Family, institutional and community care are compared, focusing on vulnerability, empowerment and the gatekeeping of resources. The article considers the position of older people in each care system by presenting individual case studies. The six countries include the family-oriented systems of Ireland, Italy and Greece, and the individual-oriented systems of Denmark, Norway and England. Overall, the different levels of provision of organised social care services are a major aspect of inequality within and between the countries. Whilst there is little prospect for any major policy transfer across national boundaries, there is potential for selective cross-national learning with regard to particular service developments.
Ethical issues arising from a research, technology and development project to support frail older people and their family carers at home
- Authors:
- MAGNUSSON Lennart, HANSON Elizabeth Jane
- Journal article citation:
- Health and Social Care in the Community, 11(5), September 2003, pp.431-439.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Provides an overview of the application of key ethical issues which arose in an EU-funded research, technology and development project, Assisting Carers using Telematics Interventions to meet Older Persons' Needs (ACTION), whose primary aim was to support frail older people and family carers in their own homes across England, Northern Ireland, the Republic of Ireland, Sweden and Portugal via the use of user-friendly information and communication technology. Ethical guidelines were developed and used as a tool to enable the multidisciplinary project team to increase their awareness of ethical issues in their everyday work and act as a useful ethical framework for regular team discussions at international and local meetings across the partner countries. A range of ethical issues arose during the field-study phases when the ACTION services were introduced into a number of families' own homes. It can be argued that these reflect factors relating both to the application of research into practice as well as those relating more directly to the use of new technology by families and care professionals. Key issues centre on ethical concepts of autonomy, independence, quality of life, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice, and more specifically on issues of security, privacy and confidentiality, increased expectations, and service withdrawal. This paper is intended to facilitate dialogue and debate in the area of enabling (assistive) technology in home care for older people and their families.
A new social atlas of Britain
- Author:
- DORLING Daniel
- Publisher:
- Wiley
- Publication year:
- 1995
- Pagination:
- 284p.,tables,maps,bibliogs.
- Place of publication:
- London
Atlas showing information about the population of Britain. In 7 sections, each containing maps, tables, an article and a bibliography. Section 1 looks at population and includes information on: distribution; boundaries; land use; and density. Section 2 is on demography, including: fertility; sex; children; students; young adults; marriage; pensioners; people from minority ethnic communities; and people born in England, Ireland, Scotland, Wales, and abroad. Section 3 presents economic data, including: workforce change; employment; industrial structure; occupational structure (including sex); travel to work; working hours; unemployment; and early retirement. Section 4 is on housing, including: housing type; household size; housing demand; homelessness; housing tenure; owner occupier, council, housing association, and private rented accommodation; and negative equity. Section 5 looks at health issues such as: illness; illness and age; heating; washing; hospitals; life expectancy; death (causes, avoidable and premature deaths). Section 6 is on society in general and section 7 deals with politics and political parties.