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Mainstream pattern, deviant cases: the New Zealand and Danish pension systems in an international context
- Author:
- OVERBYE Einar
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of European Social Policy, 7(2), May 1997, pp.101-117.
- Publisher:
- Sage
In the late 19th and early 20th century, industrialised countries introduced a variety of pension schemes to sustain elderly people. These initial schemes may broadly be classified as 'contributory' or 'assistance-based'. However, over time, there has been a convergence towards dual mandatory systems where the majority receive contributory-based pensions, while the poor depend on tax-financed income-tested assistance schemes. Within this general convergence, however, New Zealand, and to a lesser extent Denmark, represent deviant cases. This article seeks to explain both the common pattern and the deviant cases, and asks whether this difference is likely to persist.