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Older adults affected by polyvictimization: a review of early research
- Author:
- RAMSEY-KLAWSNIK Holly
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Elder Abuse and Neglect, 29(5), 2017, pp.299-312.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
In contrast to work within the child-abuse field, polyvictimization of older adults did not become a focus of professional attention until this decade. Despite this lack of formal identification, a search of the research and practice literature revealed that prior research investigating single forms of or other elder abuse issues contained evidence of what was variously termed “multiple,” “multi-faceted,” “co-occurring,” or “hybrid” elder abuse. A wide range of victims (1.4%–89.7%) identified in existing elder abuse studies was found to have experienced what constitutes “polyvictimization.” This late-life polyvictimization evidence, the contexts in which victims are harmed, and information regarding the impact of multifaceted elder abuse are all presented and discussed in this article. Selected published cases illustrate the clinical dynamics operating in late-life polyvictimization situations. (Publisher abstract)
Perceptions and experiences of residents and relatives of emergencies in care homes: a systematic review and metasynthesis of qualitative research
- Authors:
- CURTIS Ffion, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Age and Ageing, 50(6), 2021, pp.1925-1934.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Background: the perceptions and experiences of care home residents and their families are important for understanding and improving the quality of emergency care. Methods: we conducted a systematic review and metasynthesis to understand the perceptions and experiences of care home residents and their family members who experienced medical emergencies in a care home setting. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020167018). We searched five electronic databases, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PubMed, Cochrane Library and PsycINFO, supplemented with internet searches and forward and backward citation tracking from included studies and review articles. Data were synthesised thematically following the Thomas and Harden approach. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme qualitative checklist was used to assess the quality of studies included in this review. Results: of the 6,140 references retrieved, 10 studies from four countries (Australia, Canada, UK and USA) were included in the review and metasynthesis. All the included studies were assessed as being of good quality. Through an iterative approach, we developed six analytical themes: (i) infrastructure and process requirements in care homes to prevent and address emergencies; (ii) the decision to transfer to hospital; (iii) experiences of transfer and hospitalisation for older patients; (iv) good communication is vital for desirable outcomes; (v) legal, regulatory and ethical concerns and (vi) trusting relationships enabled residents to feel safe. Conclusions: the emergency care experience for care home residents can be enhanced by ensuring resources, staff capacity and processes for high quality care and trusting relationships between staff, patients and relatives, underpinned by good communication and attention to ethical practice. (Edited publisher abstract)
Older adults’ demand for integrated care and its influencing factors: a scoping review
- Authors:
- WANG Zhenyu, LIU Zhihan
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Integrated Care, 21(4), 2021, p.28. Online only
- Publisher:
- International Foundation for Integrated Care
Introduction: Integration has become a major concern for governments, healthcare and aged care systems in many countries. However, the research on and implementation of integrated care in China started relatively late, and there is no review on the needs of older adults with regard to integrated care and the influencing factors. Therefore, this paper aims to provide a scoping review by searching, evaluating, and summarizing the Chinese and international literature on the need for and the factors influencing integrated care for older people. In addition, this review highlights evidence of the gap between China and the world in integrated care. Methods: Using a framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley, a systematic search of 12 domestic and international databases was conducted. Of the 890 original studies retrieved, those that met the established inclusion criteria were screened and scored using the Ekman quality assessment tool. The qualitative description method was used to summarize the demand for integrated care for older adults and the influencing factors. Results: A total of 49 papers were included. These studies were from eleven countries on five continents (most commonly China and the US) and were mostly cross-sectional quantitative studies that surveyed the integrated care needs of older people living in homes/communities or long-term care facilities. The analysis shows that existing research on the integrated care needs of older people in China adopts a single perspective and is inadequate and unsystematic in its assessment; the integrated care needs of older adults and the factors influencing them are multifaceted; and both in China and internationally, the community-home care scenario most consistently meets the needs and expectations of older adults. Conclusion: Although there is no uniform definition of integrated care in China or abroad and each country has its own national definition and system of integrated care, there are certain commonalities regarding the needs of older adults and the factors that influence them across countries. Our research reveals a gap between China and the international community in terms of integrated care. (Edited publisher abstract)
Prevalence of loneliness amongst older people in high-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Authors:
- CHAWLA Kavita, et al
- Journal article citation:
- PLoS ONE, 16(7), 2021, Online only
- Publisher:
- Plos Publications
- Place of publication:
- San Francisco, CA
Background and objective: Loneliness is associated with increased rates of morbidity and mortality, and is a growing public health concern in later life. This study aimed to produce an evidence-based estimate of the prevalence of loneliness amongst older people (aged 60 years and above). Study design and setting: Systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis of observational studies from high income countries 2008 to 2020, identified from searches of five electronic databases (Medline, EMBASE, PsychINFO, CINAHL, Proquest Social Sciences Premium Collection). Studies were included if they measured loneliness in an unselected population. Results: Thirty-nine studies reported data on 120,000 older people from 29 countries. Thirty-one studies were suitable for meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence estimate of loneliness was 28.5% (95%CI: 23.9% - 33.2%). In twenty-nine studies reporting loneliness severity, the pooled prevalence was 25.9% (95%CI: 21.6% - 30.3%) for moderate loneliness and 7.9% (95%CI: 4.8% - 11.6%) for severe loneliness (z = -6.1, p < 0.001). Similar pooled prevalence estimates were observed for people aged 65–75 years (27.6%, 95%CI: 22.6% - 33.0%) and over 75 years (31.3%, 95%CI: 21.0% - 42.7%, z = 0.64, p = 0.52). Lower levels of loneliness were reported in studies from Northern Europe compared to South and Eastern Europe. Conclusions: Loneliness is common amongst older adults affecting approximately one in four in high income countries. There is no evidence of an increase in the prevalence of loneliness with age in the older population. The burden of loneliness is an important public health and social problem, despite severe loneliness being uncommon. (Edited publisher abstract)
Definitions, key themes and aspects of ‘ageing in place’: a scoping review
- Authors:
- PANI-HARREMAN Katinka E., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Ageing and Society, 41(9), 2021, pp.2026-2059.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
The purpose is to give an overview of the extent, range and nature of existing definitions of the concept ‘ageing in place’. Providing such an overview may be helpful, for policy makers, researchers, communities and service providers, to make sense of the versatility and uses of the concept, and allow the improvement and increase the success of efforts to contribute to the quality of life of older people. The overview was created using Arksey and O'Malley's scoping review methodology. Out of 3,692 retrieved articles, 34 met the inclusion criteria. These studies concentrate on the following five key themes concerning ‘ageing in place’: ‘ageing in place’ in relation to place, to social networks, to support, to technology and to personal characteristics. Each of these key themes consists of other aspects, like physical place and attachment to place for the keyword place. This study concludes that the concept ‘ageing in place’ is broad and can be viewed from different (i.e. five) key themes. A more thorough understanding of ‘ageing in place’ provides knowledge about the existing key themes and aspects. These findings might provide practical support for professionals and governments when they develop their policies about ‘ageing in place’ integrally and to develop fit policies. (Edited publisher abstract)
Developing a model of resilience in older adulthood: a qualitative meta-synthesis
- Authors:
- WILSON Claire A., WALKER Deanna, SAKLOFSKE Donald H.
- Journal article citation:
- Ageing and Society, 41(8), 2021, pp.1920-1942.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
The study of resilience in an older adult population is expanding rapidly. However, most theoretical models of resilience have been developed with children or young to middle-aged adults. The objective of the present study was to review systematically the qualitative literature examining resilience in older adults, and to develop a comprehensive model of resilience in older adulthood. A qualitative meta-synthesis was conducted to review the qualitative literature examining resilience from older adults’ perspectives. An exhaustive search of the literature revealed 1,752 articles. From these articles, 34 studies meeting inclusion criteria were selected for analysis. Across the 34 studies analysed, eight themes were revealed as important for achieving resilience later in life: perseverance and determination, self-efficacy and independence, purpose and meaning, positive perspective, social support, faith and prayer, previous experience and being proactive. These themes can be organised into a four-factor model: (a) Intrapersonal Protective Factors; (b) Interpersonal Protective Factors; (c) Spiritual Protective Factors; and (d) Experiential Protective Factors. This study presents a new model of resilience in older adulthood that is grounded in qualitative literature and is relevant and appropriate for an older adult population. This research may be useful for clinicians, support workers and researchers working with older individuals through improving our understanding of what contributes to resilience later in life. (Edited publisher abstract)
A state-of-the-art review of the socio-ecological correlates of volunteerism among older adults
- Authors:
- LU Peiyi, XU Cai, SHELLEY Mack
- Journal article citation:
- Ageing and Society, 41(8), 2021, pp.1833-1857.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
The health and social benefits of volunteering behaviours by older adults are well acknowledged. However, few review articles have been concerned with the correlates/dimensions of older adults’ volunteerism. Some focused only on the North American context or reviewed studies only up to 2008. This study reviewed the recent global literature in the past decade about the correlates of older adults’ volunteerism. We carried out a literature search in PsycINFO, Social Services Abstracts, Sociological Abstracts and Google Scholar to identify empirical journal publications about the correlates of older adults’ (age 60+) volunteerism from 2008 to 2019. Among 112 initially eligible papers, 41 were selected. Findings were synthesised using the framework of the Socioecological Model. Existing studies mainly have used quantitative methodologies and were conducted within the context of a single Western country. Motivations included higher education, morale and mentality, previous experiences, social network, community cohesion and organisational management. Major barriers were health and financial constraints. Few studies focused on macro-level correlates. Irrelevant and confounding correlates were also discussed. We suggest practitioners recruit and retain older volunteers by identifying their needs and optimising management within the organisation. Policy makers should create a supportive environment and increase resource accessibility. Future research could conduct cross-cultural comparisons, use diverse methodologies and embrace more correlates, especially at the macro-level. (Edited publisher abstract)
Effects of dance on cognitive function in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Authors:
- HEWSTON Patricia, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Age and Ageing, 50(4), 2021, pp.1084-1092.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Background: dance is a mind–body activity that stimulates neuroplasticity. We explored the effect of dance on cognitive function in older adults. Methods: we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL and PsycInfo databases from inception to August 2020 (PROSPERO:CRD42017057138). Inclusion criteria were (i) randomised controlled trials (ii) older adults (aged ≥ 55 years), (iii) intervention—dance and (iv) outcome—cognitive function. Cognitive domains were classified with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 Neurocognitive Framework. Meta-analyses were performed in RevMan5.3 and certainty of evidence with GradePro. Results: we reviewed 3,997 records and included 11 studies (N = 1,412 participants). Seven studies included only healthy older adults and four included those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Dance interventions varied in frequency (1–3×/week), time (35–60 minutes), duration (3–12 months) and type. We found a mean difference (MD) = 1.58 (95% confidence interval [CI) = 0.21–2.95) on the Mini Mental State Examination for global cognitive function (moderate-certainty evidence), and the Wechsler Memory Test for learning and memory had an MD = 3.02 (95% CI = 1.38–4.65; low-certainty evidence). On the Trail Making Test-A for complex attention, MD = 3.07 (95% CI = −0.81 to 6.95; high-certainty evidence) and on the Trail Making Test-B for executive function, MD = −4.12 (95% CI = −21.28 to 13.03; moderate-certainty evidence). Subgroup analyses did not suggest consistently greater effects in older adults with MCI. Evidence is uncertain for language, and no studies evaluated social cognition or perceptual–motor function. Conclusions: dance probably improves global cognitive function and executive function. However, there is little difference in complex attention, and evidence also suggests little effect on learning and memory. Future research is needed to determine the optimal dose and if dance results in greater cognitive benefits than other types of physical activity and exercise. (Edited publisher abstract)
Experiences with technology amongst an international sample of older adults: results from a qualitative interpretive meta-synthesis
- Authors:
- MILLER Vivian J., et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Social Work, 51(4), 2021, pp.1332-1353.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Identifying and implementing effective strategies to combat social exclusion and isolation is critical, given that eradicating social isolation has been identified as one of the social work profession’s main goals. Training older adults to use information and communications technology (ICT) effectively may be an appropriate intervention to combat and mitigate the negative impacts of social isolation within the aging population. ICT has demonstrated promise with older adults, with research demonstrating that older adults with higher technology use report better self-reported physical health and subjective well-being. Given this promise, the authors of this study seek to create more nuanced understanding of the experience of ICT usage, as told by an international sample of older adults using a qualitative interpretive meta-synthesis (QIMS). Using the QIMS methodology paired with phenomenological reduction, the authors synthesised nine (N = 9) qualitative studies through the lens of the World Health Organization’s age-friendly domains. This process resulted in three overarching themes that describe older adults’ experiences engaging with technology: ‘desire for empowerment’, ‘connection’ and ‘aging well’. Findings from this study highlight overall benefits of technology use among older adults aging in the community. This study concludes with implications for social work research and practice. (Edited publisher abstract)
Towards an increased understanding of reminiscence therapy for people with dementia: a narrative analysis
- Authors:
- MACLEOD Fiona, RUSHE Lesley Storey Teresa, MCLAUGHLIN Katrina
- Journal article citation:
- Dementia: the International Journal of Social Research and Practice, 20(4), 2021, pp.1375-1407.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Aim: Reminiscence therapy is a popular therapeutic intervention for people with dementia. This review set out to provide a better understanding of reminiscence therapy through a deeper analysis of its contents and delivery. Method: This review examined 22 studies from the most recent Cochrane review (Woods, B., O’Philbin, L., Farrell, E. M., Spector, A. E., & Orrell, M. (2018). Reminiscence therapy for dementia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 3, Article 001120) and addressed the following research questions: (1) What are the components of reminiscence therapy? (2) Who delivers reminiscence therapy? (3) How is reminiscence therapy delivered? (4) Is reminiscence therapy underpinned by a theoretical framework? (5) Is reminiscence therapy delivered according to a programme/model? (6) Are there commonalities in the reminiscence therapy components utilised? Multiple and layered narrative analyses were completed. Findings: Thirteen reminiscence therapy components were identified. ‘Memory triggers’ and ‘themes’ were identified as the most common but were found not to be consistently beneficial. Reminiscence therapy was typically delivered in a care setting using a group approach; however, there was no consistency in session composition, intervention duration, as well as the training and supervision provided to facilitators. Operationalisation of theory within reminiscence therapy was not identified. Reminiscence therapy was not consistently delivered according to a programme/model. Lastly, as a result of a small number of studies, the components ‘life stages’, ‘activities’ and ‘family-only sessions’, showed beneficial promise. In summary, this review highlights that reminiscence therapy needs more consistency in content and delivery, in addition to a clear theoretical framework. (Edited publisher abstract)