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People with dementia living in extra care housing: learning from the evidence
- Author:
- DUTTON Rachael
- Journal article citation:
- Working with Older People, 14(1), March 2010, pp.8-11.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
A review of the literature relating to people with dementia who are living in extra care was recently commissioned by the Housing and Dementia Research Consortium, and this article discusses and presents key messages from areas where there is a strong research evidence base and some findings from small evaluation studies carried out in the UK. It looks at whether extra care is an appropriate environment for people with dementia, what is important to people with dementia living in extra care, whether extra care can be a home for life for someone with dementia and key gaps in the evidence base. The author concludes that further studies are needed in the UK to improve the robustness of current research evidence relating to people with dementia living in extra care, and that few studies address how best to implement research findings into practice.
The concept of 'ageing well' in ten Latin American countries
- Authors:
- FERNANDEZ-BALLESTEROS R., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Ageing and Society, 30(1), January 2010, pp.41-56.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
A review of several studies examining the lay concept of successful ageing and related concepts leads to the conclusion that older people from different cultures appear to agree on most of the components identified in the literature. From the research emerges a multidimensional conceptualisation of ‘successful ageing’ that is described on the basis of physical, emotional, cognitive and social domains, and which coincides with most theoretical and empirical definitions. The main goal of the present research is to study similarities and differences between concepts of ‘successful ageing’ in several Latin American and European countries and in two different age groups, and also to examine whether a similar structure of the lay concept can be found across both continents. The results show minor differences at item levels among countries, continents and age groups, and a similar internal structure across them.
SCIE research briefing 34: communication training for care home workers: outcomes for older people, staff, families and friends
- Authors:
- SOCIAL CARE INSTITUTE FOR EXCELLENCE, et al
- Publisher:
- Social Care Institute for Excellence
- Publication year:
- 2010
- Pagination:
- 16p.
- Place of publication:
- London
This briefing draws on a range of UK and internationally published research to look at training to improve nursing and residential care workers' communication skills. This research asks: What sort of topics does ‘training in communication skills’ cover? What teaching and learning methods can be used to deliver training? Does training lead to improvements in knowledge? Does training improve the way that staff in nursing and care homes communicate with older people, their family carers and friends? Do residents and family carers think that training has resulted in improvements to the quality of care that they receive? What incentives and reinforcements can be used to help staff continue to apply what they have learned during training? Implications from the research for organisations, the policy community, practitioners and people who use services and their carers are briefly discussed. More studies looking at the effects of training in the long term and more drawing on the perspectives of older people and carers are needed.
Cross-cultural comparison between academic and lay views of healthy ageing: a literature review
- Authors:
- HUNG Li-Wen, KEMPEN G. I. J. M., VRIES N. K. DE
- Journal article citation:
- Ageing and Society, 30(8), November 2010, pp.1373-1391.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
This study investigated the concept of healthy ageing from both western and non-western perspectives, and compared the views of academics and lay older people. Thirty-four published peer-reviewed papers in English and Chinese were included. The key components of the definitions of healthy ageing were categorised into 12 domains. Findings revealed that lay definitions included more domains (independency, family, adaptation, financial security, personal growth, and spirituality) and more diversity in the healthy ageing concept than academic views, which focused on physical and mental health and social functioning in older people. Certain domains were valued differently across cultures. As shown in previous studies, the findings affirm that healthy ageing is a multi-dimensional and complex concept and that there are substantial differences in different cultures. Generally, older lay people perceive healthy ageing more broadly than the maintenance of physical, mental and social functioning. The authors concluded that researchers should integrate the more holistic perspectives of older lay people and cultural diversity into the healthy ageing concept.
Shifting from compensation to participation: a model for occupational therapy in low vision
- Author:
- SCHOESSOW Kimberly
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 73(4), April 2010, pp.160-169.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Older adults with low vision present unique challenges to occupational therapists because they are generally independent in self-care but limited in leisure, productivity and instrumental activities of daily living. This paper describes a comprehensive literature review and an assessment of the needs of older adults with low vision and proposes a model for occupational therapists. A comprehensive MEDLINE search (1990-2009) of the literature on the interaction between low vision and intrinsic and extrinsic factors was performed. Titles and abstracts were reviewed and all relevant full articles were selected. Additionally, manual searches were conducted of related occupational therapy literature. The literature review found that low vision rehabilitation focuses on technology and modifying the physical environment. However, there are many intrinsic and extrinsic factors that affect the use of these technologies and devices such as cognition, psychology, physiology, spirituality and the social environment. The model proposes expanding occupational therapy with low vision clients to focus comprehensively on participation and integration in the home and community. A sample measurement model for occupational therapy evaluation is provided.
Inventory and analysis of definitions of social participation found in the aging literature: proposed taxonomy of social activities
- Authors:
- LEVASSEUR Melanie, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Social Science and Medicine, 71(12), December 2010, pp.2141-2149.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Social participation is an adaptable health determinant of healthy aging. However, while it is an important intervention goal for health professionals, there is no agreement on its definition and underlying dimensions. This paper provides an inventory and content analysis of definitions of social participation in older adults, and presents a taxonomy of social activities. Four databases were searched with relevant keywords resulting in the identification of 43 definitions. Definitions were deconstructed as a function of who, how, what, where, with whom, when, and why dimensions. The study explored the typical contexts, demands and potential meanings of activities. Analysis showed that social participation definitions mostly focused on the person’s involvement in activities providing interactions with others in society or the community. Six levels of involvement of the individual with others were identified: doing an activity in preparation for connecting with others; being with others; interacting with others without doing a specific activity with them; doing an activity with others; helping others; and contributing to society. This taxonomy is designed be useful in focusing future investigations and clarifying dimensions specific to social participation.
Suicide in later life: public health and practitioner perspectives
- Authors:
- MANTHORPE Jill, ILIFFE Steve
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 25(12), December 2010, pp.1230-1238.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
A selective review of English language literature focusing on the epidemiology of suicide among older people was conducted. Papers were selected for their ability to shed light on the potential for prevention and practice from public health perspectives. The study found that whilst the majority of older people who commit suicide have major depression, suicide seems to be due to a combination of personality factors and co-morbidities, including chronic pain and disablement. It also found that there is little information about the involvement of older people in risk reduction or about harm minimisation approaches at patient and public participation levels. The authors conclude that practitioners need to be aware of risk factors for suicide in later life, and that public health approaches combined with practitioners' experiences of older people at risk may help minimise the risks of suicide in later life.
An evidence base for group work with older adults living in the community
- Author:
- PANDYA Varsha
- Journal article citation:
- Social Work with Groups, 33(4), October 2010, pp.323-349.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Group intervention modality of service provision is well suited for the elderly population because it provides cost-effective opportunities for focused treatment, and social interaction and support. Group workers therefore need to prepare themselves to meet the growing need of services in older population in community settings. The goal of this article is to summarise and examine the evidence generated through quantitative and qualitative studies of group interventions with older adults residing in the community with a view to informing group work practitioners on the strengths and limitations of different interventions. This article presents a critical review of 13 studies published between 1990 and 2007 to guide group work practitioners in organising and facilitating groups for older adults in the community. Each review notes the characteristics of the participants, type of group intervention, methodology, and findings of the study. It examines the rigour, impact, and applicability of the findings to practice with this population. Much needs to be done to develop an evidence base for group work with older adults living in the community. Recommendations for practice and future research are offered.
A review of observational pain scales in nonverbal elderly with cognitive impairments
- Authors:
- PARK Juyoung, CASTELLANOS-BROWN Karen, BELCHER John
- Journal article citation:
- Research on Social Work Practice, 20(6), November 2010, pp.651-664.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Pain assessment for nonverbal older adults with cognitive impairments or dementia presents many challenges, and it is important to determine which scales are most useful in assessing pain among this population. In this review, eleven observational scales for assessment of pain in older adults with dementia or cognitive impairments were evaluated in four main areas: pain indicators; reliability; validity; and clinical utility. Findings suggest that various scales were available for assessing pain in cognitively impaired or demented older people who were unable to report their pain. The authors concluded, however, that future research should focus on further psychometric evaluations. In ending, the paper suggests that social workers should be trained as raters of pain assessment methods.
Using spiritually modified cognitive behavioral therapy to help clients wrestling with depression: a promising intervention for some older adults
- Authors:
- HODGE David R., BONIFAS Robin P.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Religion and Spirituality in Social Work, 29(3), July 2010, pp.185-206.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
It has been suggested that the efficacy of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) in the treatment of older adults with depression may be enhanced by incorporation of beliefs and values drawn from clients’ spiritual narratives. Research is reviewed on the effectiveness of spiritually modified CBT in the treatment of depression. Four overlapping rationales relating to the salience of spirituality, ethnic diversity, gender and religious diversity are discussed. Research suggests that, relative to traditional CBT, spiritually modified CBT may result in faster recovery, improved treatment adherence, lower posttreatment relapse, and reduced treatment disparity. It may therefore offer an alternative to the use of medication. The process of constructing spiritually modified CBT self-statements for use with older adults with depression is described and illustrated and basic guidelines are given to ensure ethical and professional practice. The authors comment that, given the promise inherent in spiritually modified CBT, further research on this modality should be prioritised to ensure that older adults receive the most efficacious treatment for depression.