Search results for ‘Subject term:"obsessive compulsive disorders"’ Sort:
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The link between borderline personality disorder and anti-social personality disorder: (recent research to 2006)
- Author:
- LOWNSTEIN Ludwig
- Journal article citation:
- Justice of the Peace, 15.09.07, 2007, pp.655-659.
- Publisher:
- Butterworth
This article provides evidence for the association between some forms of borderline personality disorder and anti-social personality disorders. Numerous symptoms of a maladaptive nature such as obsessive-compulsive gambling, violence, stealing, arson, alcohol and drug abuse, are linked to both diagnostic categories.
Treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder: deciding what method for whom
- Authors:
- ABRAMOWITZ Jonathan S., SCHWARTZ Stefanie A.
- Journal article citation:
- Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention, 3(2), Summer 2003, pp.261-273.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
The aim of the present paper was to address variables that should be considered in deciding the optimal treatment modality for individual patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). We begin by briefly discussing strengths and limitations of the various empirically supported treatments for this disorder. Next we discuss general factors, such as demographics and familial support, that may contribute to the treatment decision-making process. Following this, we describe factors related to the presentation of OCD (e.g., insight, comorbidity) that may impact such decisions. It is important to rely on both empirical findings and informed clinical judgment when deciding which treatment(s) to recommend for patients. For this reason, familiarity with the research literature as a backdrop to thoroughly assessing the relevant variables is imperative for clinicians working with OCD patients.
Assessment of obsessive-compulsive disorder and spectrum disorders
- Authors:
- STEKETEE Gail, NEZIROGLU Fugen
- Journal article citation:
- Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention, 3(2), Summer 2003, pp.169-185.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
This paper summarizes a variety of assessment tools for use with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and obsessive-compulsive (OC) spectrum conditions. The description of instruments and methods of assessment is intended to help clinicians identify measures that might be especially useful in determining, first, what problems to address in treatment and, second, whether therapy is having the desired effect. Included are clinician interviews, self-report questionnaires, clinician-rated forms, and behavioral observations and self-monitoring by the patient. These cover patients' presenting symptoms, comorbid conditions, mood, ability to function, family aspects, and cognitive factors including insight, beliefs, and motivation. Clinicians are encouraged to provide immediate feedback about patients' responses to interviews, questionnaires, and behavioural measures so that they understand the purpose of the instrument and its relevance to their treatment.
Cognitive treatment of obsessions
- Author:
- WILHELM Sabine
- Journal article citation:
- Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention, 3(2), Summer 2003, pp.187-199.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
This article briefly describes the nature and prevalence of obsessions without overt compulsions, and it reviews a cognitive model and cognitive domains relevant for OCD. A case example highlights the application of cognitive strategies for obsessions without overt rituals.
Family responses and multifamily behavioural treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder
- Authors:
- VAN NOPPEN Barbara, STEKETEE Gail
- Journal article citation:
- Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention, 3(2), Summer 2003, pp.231-247.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Family responses to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) that have relevance to behavioural treatments for adults with this disorder include family accommodation, family members' expression of emotion (EE) toward patients, and the effects of including family members in treatment. Family accommodation to OCD symptoms has been linked to greater severity of symptoms and poorer family mental health. Components of EE, including hostility and perceived criticism, have proved predictive of poorer outcome following behavioural treatment, but nonhostile criticism appears to improve outcomes. A model of multifamily behavioural treatment, in which relatives and patients are trained in exposure and blocking of rituals, as well as behavioural contracting to improve communication, is presented and illustrated in case examples.
Cognitive and behavioural methods for obsessive-compulsive disorder
- Authors:
- WHITTAL Maureen L., O'NEILL Melanie L.
- Journal article citation:
- Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention, 3(2), Summer 2003, pp.201-225.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
The psychological treatment of choice for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been behavioural in nature, that is, mainly exposure and response prevention (ERP). Recent advances and interest in cognitive therapy, largely spurred by the theoretical paper of Salkovskis in 1985, led to the development of cognitively focused approaches for the treatment of OCD. Although ERP has strong empirical support for its efficacy, cognitive interventions are receiving mounting evidence. Combining cognitive and behavioural techniques to match with a patient's unique symptom presentation may help maximize treatment outcomes and patient satisfaction. The purpose of this article is to introduce the cognitive-behavioural theory, assessment, and treatment strategies for OCD, and to illustrate their use in the case of an individual with compulsive checking behaviours.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy for children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder
- Author:
- WAGNER Aureen Pinto
- Journal article citation:
- Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention, 3(3), 2003, pp.291-306.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Selected by experts as the treatment of choice for youngsters, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has emerged as a safe, viable, and effective treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) among children and adolescents. Yet, most children with OCD do not receive CBT, at least in part due to the shortage of clinicians who are well versed in managing the unique challenges that arise in the treatment of children. This paper reviews developmental factors that complicate the diagnosis and treatment of OCD in youngsters; it discusses appropriate adaptations of CBT protocols for children; and it presents the application of CBT for children and adolescents, using a developmentally sensitive protocol that is flexible and feasible in clinical settings: RIDE Up and Down the Worry Hill. Illustrated is the use of this protocol with a 15-year-old girl with forbidden thoughts and praying rituals, and a 6-year-old boy with fears of harm and reassurance-seeking rituals. Future directions for making CBT available and accessible to children with OCD are discussed.
Kundalini yoga meditation techniques for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive and OC spectrum disorders
- Author:
- SHANNAHOFF-KHALSA David S.
- Journal article citation:
- Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention, 3(3), 2003, pp.369-382.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
The use of Kundalini yoga (KY) meditation techniques for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are reviewed based on two published clinical trials. A specific meditation protocol has been subjected to uncontrolled conditions and to a comparison-control meditation group in a randomized matched-groups trial design. In addition to the long-term effects, the efficacy for short-term and rapid benefits are presented in a patient's own words for a single case history of a young woman with OCD, body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), and social anxiety disorder. Meditation techniques are described in detail for the original time-tested KY-OCD protocol, including a technique for managing fear and one for anger; also, additional techniques are included that are claimed by yogis to be effective for depression, anxiety, and a range of nervous disorders.
Therapeutic approaches to Body Dysmorphic Disorder
- Authors:
- NEZIROGLU Fugel, KHEMLANI-PATEL Sony
- Journal article citation:
- Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention, 3(3), 2003, pp.307-322.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is an obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorder characterized by an intense preoccupation with an imagined or slight defect in appearance. BDD has posed a challenge to mental health professionals as a result of its complex clinical presentation, involving issues such as high overvalued ideation, comorbidity, suicidality, and severe impairment in daily functioning. This article reviews the appropriate psychological and psychopharmacological treatment approaches for BDD, and it offers clinical strategies to address the multiple array of symptoms.
Cognitive-behaviourial therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a review of the treatment literature
- Authors:
- ABRAMOWITZ Jonathan S., BRIGIDI Bartholomew D., ROCHE Kimberly R.
- Journal article citation:
- Research on Social Work Practice, 11(3), May 2001, pp.357-372.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Once considered a rare and largely untreatable condition, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is now known to be the fourth most common psychiatric disorder. Obsessive thoughts are intrusive, repugnant, and distress and anxiety provoking, where as compulsive rituals often lead to significant impairment in many areas of life. In this article, the authors present an empirically based review of the treatment outcomes literature on cognitive-behaviourial therapy for OCD. Specifically, treatment by exposure with response prevention (EX/RP) has been demonstrated to be effective in reducing OCD symptoms. The effectiveness of different variations of EX/RP and comparisons between this and other psychosocial therapies (eg, cognitive therapy) are also discussed. Finally, the authors consider studies that have examined variables thought to influence the effectiveness of treatment.