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The mental health of young people aging out of care and entering adulthood: Exploring the evidence from England and France
- Authors:
- STEIN Mike, DUMARET Annick-Camille
- Journal article citation:
- Children and Youth Services Review, 33(12), December 2011, pp.2504-2511.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
This article reviews the evidence from England and France on the mental health of young people ageing out of care and into adulthood. It is the first comparative review of the two countries and concentrates on the evidence on the mental health of young people in the general population, young people living in care, young people aging out of care, and young adults. The article shows the high levels of psychological adversity of young people entering car, and the high rates of mental health problems of young people in care compared with the general population of young people. It highlights the increased risk of mental and physical problems at the time of ageing out of care, and the general improvement in longer-term outcomes for young adults, although some continue to have serious mental health problems. In conclusion, the article argues that interventions across the life course of young people are needed in both countries.
Dialectical behaviour therapy for special populations: treatment with adolescents and their caregivers
- Authors:
- CHARLTON Margaret, DYKSTRA Eric J.
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, 5(5), 2011, pp.6-14.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
The authors begin by discussing the adaptations that need to be made to dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) when working with populations who have both intellectual disabilities and mental illnesses. They go on to report the preliminary findings of a pilot study conducted with adolescent clients in a day treatment program in Colorado. This was designed to determine the effectiveness of dialectical behaviour therapy for special populations (DBT-SP). The study, which involved 19 students, used all three components of DBT, in addition to the normal milieu management techniques. Clients received DBT-SP focused individual therapy, skills training groups using the DBT-SP skills training manual, and the whole treatment team staff participated in a DBT-SP supervision/consultation group. Data were collected through observations of client behaviour by staff, client outcome when leaving the program, and daily diary card information. The authors note that, as this was a pilot study, there are many limitations to the data. However they conclude that thus far, the data are suggestive, but not conclusive, regarding the effectiveness of DBT-SP.
Is hope or mental illness a stronger predictor of mental health?
- Authors:
- VENNING Anthony, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, 13(2), May 2011, pp.32-39.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
The Complete State Model (CSM) of mental health considers an individual to have Complete Mental Health (CMH) if they report high levels of subjective well-being and very low levels of mental illness. While the absence of mental illness may be a consequence of mental health, the absence of mental illness does not necessarily signal or lead to mental health. This suggests that a focus on mental illness may not be the best way to promote mental health. This study aimed to test whether hope was a stronger predictor of mental health in young people than was mental illness. The data for the study were drawn from the South Australian Youth Mental Health Survey, an online survey conducted to gather information on a number of mental health indicators completed by 3913 young South Australians aged 13 to 17 years. The results indicated that hope was a significantly stronger predictor of mental health than was mental illness. These results imply that the focus of strategies to promote mental health may be best redirected to building a young person’s positive strengths, such as hope, to promote mental health and indirectly prevent mental illness.
Minding young minds
- Author:
- LAVIS Paula
- Journal article citation:
- Every Child Journal, 2(1), 2011, pp.58-62.
- Publisher:
- Imaginative Minds
- Place of publication:
- Birmingham
About one in ten young people under sixteen years of age have a mental disorder. This means that three children in every classroom are affected, impacting on their ability to learn and engage in school life. However, mental health problems can be distressing for young people and their families. This is compounded by the stigma associated with mental health, and the difficulties in accessing appropriate help and support. This article looks at the implications for not providing effective mental health support at an early age. It examines the risk factors that can increase the chances of a mental health problem developing, before highlighting the problems in accessing mental health services due to the stigma associated with these issues. It suggests that high quality services must be made available to young people and children, but designed in such a way that is acceptable to this population. The key to helping this group is through positive therapeutic relationships with professionals they can trust.
Case study: City and Hackney CAMHS extended service
- Author:
- SOCIAL CARE INSTITUTE FOR EXCELLENCE
- Publisher:
- Social Care Institute for Excellence
- Publication year:
- 2011
- Pagination:
- 6p.
- Place of publication:
- London
A short case study describing the work of City and Hackney Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS). The service has extended their Tier 3 service provision to young people past the age of 18 years old who do not currently meet the criteria for Adult Mental Health Services (AMHS), but who are considered to require a mental health service. The case study outlines the background to the project, describes how the service was designed, how outcomes and impact of the service will be measured, and explains when the the service may be suitable to transferable to other settings. (Original abstract)
Psychodynamic psychotherapy for children and adolescents: a critical review of the evidence base
- Authors:
- MIDGLEY Nick, KENNEDY Eilis
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Child Psychotherapy, 37(3), December 2011, pp.232-260.
- Publisher:
- Routledge
For many years psychoanalytic and psychodynamic therapies have been considered to lack a credible evidence-base and have consistently failed to appear in lists of ‘empirically supported treatments’. Recent reviews have improved the evidence-base in relation to the psychodynamic treatment of adults. The aim of this review is to look critically at the research evaluating the efficacy and effectiveness of psychodynamic psychotherapy for children and young people. Following a comprehensive search, 34 separate studies were identified that met the criteria for inclusion, including 9 randomised controlled trials. The findings from these studies are discussed in relation to the outcomes for children and young people with: mixed diagnosis; experience of maltreatment, trauma and neglect; disruptive disorders; emotional disorders; depression; a physical illness; anorexia nervosa; obsessive compulsive disorders; and learning difficulties. Many of these studies are limited by the small sample size, and lack of carefully selected control groups. Despite this, the review indicates that there is increasing evidence to suggest the effectiveness of psychoanalytic psychotherapy for children and adolescents.
The impact of mental health issues, substance use, and exposure to victimization on pregnancy rates among a sample of youth with past-year foster care placement
- Authors:
- COLEMAN-COWGER Victoria H., GREEN Binta Alleyne, CLARK Trenette T.
- Journal article citation:
- Children and Youth Services Review, 33(11), November 2011, pp.2207-2212.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
This study compares young people entering substance abuse treatment with and without a history of foster care placement to determine any differences in mental health, substance use, and exposure to victimization. It also examines whether mental health, substance use, and/or exposure to victimization predict past pregnancy among the sample with a history of foster care placement. The pooled dataset consisted of 17,124 adolescents (12–17 years of age) who completed the Global Appraisal of Individual Needs at intake for substance abuse treatment in 2009. Of these, 366 (2.1%) reported having been in foster care in the past year. When compared with a non-foster care sample, the foster care sample reported higher levels of internal mental distress, behaviour complexity scores, and general victimization scores. Problems associated with substance use did not differ between groups. Results also revealed that, within the foster care sample, internal mental distress and gender predicted past pregnancy. The results highlight the need to provide mental health support to young people with a history of foster care in substance abuse substance abuse treatment facilities.
Mental health literacy among university students
- Authors:
- FURNHAM Adrian, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Public Mental Health, 10(4), 2011, pp.198-210.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
This paper investigated the mental health literacy of 400 university students from the UK. Participants indicated their knowledge of over 90 psychiatric illnesses, and rated disorders on six questions concerning whether they had heard of the disorder knew, anybody with it, could define or describe it, knew what causes it, whether those with it can be cured, and whether it is common. Findings revealed that, overall, participants had heard of just over one-third of the various illnesses. Those who rated the conditions as more common deemed them to have more known causes and to be more curable. Emotionally intelligent, open-to-experience females who had studied relevant academic subjects claimed to be better informed. The participant's age and personality, as well as whether they had studied clinical psychology, were related to their awareness of psychiatric illnesses.
Mental health functioning among children and adolescents with perinatal HIV infection and perinatal HIV exposure
- Authors:
- MALEE Kathleen M., et al
- Journal article citation:
- AIDS Care, 23(12), December 2011, pp.1533-1544.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
This study investigated prevalence of mental health problems (MHPs) among young people with perinatal HIV exposure, including both perinatally HIV-infected (PHIV+) and perinatally HIV-exposed but uninfected (PHEU). Participants included 416 young people who were interviewed with the Behavior Assessment System for Children, 2nd edition (BASC-2) to estimate rates of at-risk and clinically significant MHPs, including caregiver-reported behavioural problems and youth-reported emotional problems. Findings revealed that the overall prevalence of MHPs at entry was 29% and greater than expected based on recent national surveys of the general population. MHPs were more likely among PHEU (38%) than among PHIV+ (25%). Factors associated with higher odds of MHPs at included caregiver characteristics such as psychiatric disorder, limit-setting problems, health-related functional limitations, and participant characteristics such as younger age and lower IQ. These findings suggest that PHEU children are at high risk for MHPs. The authors concluded that family-based prevention and intervention programmes for HIV affected young people and their caregivers may minimise long-term consequences of MHPs.
Extending and professionalising the role of the appropriate adult
- Author:
- PIERPOINT Harriet
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law, 33(2), 2011, pp.139-155.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
When the UK's Labour government was displaced in 2010, it had just completed a three-year review of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984, which included proposals for extending, professionalising and further reviewing the appropriate adult scheme. This review of appropriate adults is continuing under the new coalition government. With this in mind, this article assesses the merits of the existing proposals and considers which further issues should be taken into account by the review. The article makes this assessment using existing literature and the results of a survey of 38 professional appropriate adults and their coordinators, conducted with delegates from the National Appropriate Adult Network. The article shows that a number of appropriate adults support the extension and professionalisation of the role and, in practice, have already extended their role. In conclusion, the author suggests that the main priority for the new government should be to clarify the definition of the role in the current context.