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The Maudsley long-term follow-up of child and adolescent depression: 1; psychiatric outcomes in adulthood
- Authors:
- FOMBONNE Eric, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 179, September 2001, pp.210-217.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Strong links exist between juvenile and adult depression but comorbid conduct disorder in childhood may mitigate this continuity. This article aims to test the impact of comorbid conduct disorder on psychiatric adult outcomes. A group of 149 subjects assessed at the Maudsley Hospital in the period 1970-1983 and meeting DSM-IV criteria for major depressive disorder with or without conduct disorder were interviewed 20 years later. Data were collected on the lifetime history of psychiatric disorders. Found that adult depressive recurrence was high for major depression (62.4%) and any depression (75.2%) and survival analyses showed no difference between the two groups. The group with conduct disorders had higher rates of drug misuse and dependence, alcoholism and antisocial personality disorders. Concludes that adolescent depression carries an elevated risk of adult depression irrespective of comorbidity. Comorbid conduct disorder in childhood is associated with raised rates of other psychiatric outcomes.
Common mental health problems
- Authors:
- MICHAUD Pierre-Andre, FOMBONNE Eric
- Journal article citation:
- British Medical Journal, 9.04.05, 2005, pp.835-838.
- Publisher:
- British Medical Association
The World Health Organization defines mental health as a 'state of well-being whereby individuals recognize their abilities, are able to cope with the normal stresses of life, work productively and fruitfully, and make a contribution to their communities'. Applying such adult-based definitions to adolescents and identifying mental health problems in young people can be difficult, given the substantial changes in behaviour, thinking capacities and identity that occur during teenage years. The impact of changing youth subcultures on behaviour and priorities can also make it difficult to define mental health and mental health problems in adolescents. Although mental disorders reflect psychiatric disturbance, adolescents may be affected more broadly by mental health problems. These include various difficulties and burdens that interfere with adolescent development and adversely affect quality of life emotionally, socially, and vocationally. This article in the ABC of adolescence series discusses normal behaviour versus mental problems, depression, school phobia, learning disabilities, conduct disorders, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and anxiety disorders. Symptoms, definitions, prevalence, criteria, useful screening instruments, potential risk factors, and treatment and behavioural strategies are listed. Part of the ABC of adolescence series.
Gender differences in rates and correlates of suicidal behaviour amongst child psychiatric out-patients
- Authors:
- WANNAN Gary, FOMBONNE Eric
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Adolescence, 21(4), August 1998, pp.371-381.
- Publisher:
- Academic Press
This study determines factors associated with suicidal ideas attempts of threats in psychiatric out-patients aged between 8 and 17 years who attended a British teaching hospital. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed by sex on the data from the standard department questionnaire. Substance abuse, depression and distributed relationships with adults were predictors of suicidal behaviour for both sexes. For female subjects, anti-social behaviour was also associated. In girls alone, depression had significant interaction effects with substance abuse and conduct disorder. Possible reasons for these differences are discussed.
The Maudsley long-term follow-up of child and adolescent depression: 2. suicidality, criminality and social dysfunction in adulthood
- Authors:
- FOMBONNE Eric, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 179, September 2001, pp.218-223.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Strong links exist between juvenile and adult depression, but comorbid conduct disorder may be associated with worse adult social difficulties. This article tests the impact of comorbid conduct disorder on social adjustment and dysfunction, suicidality and criminality of adults who had depression as youths. Subjects assessed at the Maudsley Hospital in 1970-1983 and meeting DSM-IV criteria for major depressive disorder with (CD-MDD) or without (MDD) conduct disorder were interviewed 20 years later. Data were collected on lifetime psychiatric disorders and adult social/personality functioning. Death certificates and criminal records were obtained. Results found that the suicide risk was 2.45 percent and 44.3 percent of the sample had attempted suicide once in their lives. Compared with the MDD group, the CD-MDD group had higher rates of suicidal behaviours and criminal offences, and exhibited more pervasive social dysfunction. Adolescent depression is associated with raised risks of adult suicidality and with persistent interpersonal difficulties. Youths with CD-MDD show more severe and pervasive social dysfunction.