Search results for ‘Subject term:"mental health problems"’ Sort:
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Adolescent exposure to violence and adult physical and mental health problems
- Authors:
- FRANZESEA Robert J., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 38(12), 2014, pp.1955-1965.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
This study investigates how adolescent exposure to violence (AEV), in the form of parental physical abuse, witnessing parental violence, and exposure to violence in the neighbourhood, are related to self-reported adult physical problems and seeking formal or informal assistance with mental health, controlling for more general adolescent violent victimisation and for self-reports and parent reports of mental health problems in adolescence. This study adds to the literature on AEV and adult physical problems, and provides a rare look at the relationship of AEV to adult help-seeking for mental health problems. The results suggest that AEV is associated with mental health problems in adolescence for both females and males, that for females AEV is related to physical problems and to seeking help for mental health problems in adulthood, but for males the only significant relationship involves inconsistent reports of witnessing parental violence and adult physical problems. (Edited publisher abstract)
Psychopathy: a comprehensive review of its assessment and intervention
- Authors:
- MOREIRA Diana, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Aggression and Violent Behavior, 19(3), 2014, pp.191-195.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Psychopathy is one of the most studied personality disorders, in terms of the negative impact that the behaviours associated with this disorder — particularly, the criminal behaviour — have in the community where the individual lives. The aim of this article is to present a comprehensive literature review on psychopathy, focusing some difficulties related to its concept, assessment, and intervention. Here, psychopathy is presented as a construct resulting from decades of clinical and empirical research, and whose dimensional nature justifies the possibility of assessing the general population. Studies indicate that psychopathy is manifested in a number of behaviours resulting from biological and personality factors related to a series of family history and environmental factors. The authors emphasise the need for more empirical research on psychopathy in the general population in Portugal, regarding the development and adaptation of measures of the construct. (Edited publisher abstract)
A systematic review of the association between attributional bias/interpersonal style, and violence in schizophrenia/psychosis
- Authors:
- HARRIS Stephanie T., OAKLEY Clare, PICCHIONI Marco M.
- Journal article citation:
- Aggression and Violent Behavior, 19(3), 2014, pp.235-241.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Despite the widely recognised link between schizophrenia and violence, the illness-specific factors underlying that association remain unclear. A body of work has implicated deficits in social cognition, consistently seen in schizophrenia, that may mediate the risk of violence. Two specific areas of interest are attributional bias and interpersonal style. The authors conducted a systematic literature search using EMBASE, Scopus, Ovid Medline, PsycINFO and Science Direct databases with search terms relating to attributional bias, interpersonal style and violence/aggression in schizophrenia. Eleven studies were identified, six related specifically to attributional bias and five to interpersonal style. Results suggest an association between hostile and externalising attribution biases, and violence in schizophrenia. Furthermore, hostile, dominant, and coercive interpersonal styles are also frequently associated with violence in schizophrenia. An interaction between cognitive impairments and underlying personality traits, as well as other co-morbid or illness factors, is proposed to likely underpin associations with violence in schizophrenia. Conclusions are limited by methodological constraints. The field would benefit from consistent definitions of violence, and a more systematic approach to cognitive assessment. Furthermore, studies with more homogeneous samples; and longitudinal designs are warranted in order to gain a better understanding of causation with regard to illness factors specific to schizophrenia. (Edited publisher abstract)
Sick or sad? supporting Palestinian children living in conditions of chronic political violence
- Authors:
- RABAIA Yoke, SALEH Mahasin F., GIACAMAN Rita
- Journal article citation:
- Children and Society, 28(3), 2014, pp.172-181.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
In this article the authors reflect on the relatively recent emphasis on Palestinian children's mental health and well-being in the context of exposure to chronic warlike conditions, as they position this trend within the larger framework of the generations-long history of political turmoil and suffering. The authors describe how a process that started with no attention to psychosocial health of children in relation to exposure to dispossession, expulsion, occupation, repression and military attacks, proceeded with a focus on presumed mental disorders, and the more recent approach of designing context appropriate and community-based psychosocial interventions. (Edited publisher abstract)
Betrayal trauma among homeless adults: associations with revictimization, psychological well-being, and health
- Authors:
- MACKELPRANG Jessica L., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 29(6), 2014, pp.1028-1049.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Betrayal trauma theory postulates that traumas perpetrated by a caregiver or close other are more detrimental to mental health functioning than are traumatic experiences in which the victim is not affiliated closely with the perpetrator. This study is the first to examine the concept of betrayal among a sample of individuals with a history of homelessness. A total of 95 homeless or formerly homeless adults completed the Brief Betrayal Trauma Survey, the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian Version, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale the Perceived Stress Scale, and a demographics questionnaire assessing participants' histories of homelessness, health, and relationships with their families. Regression analyses were conducted to explore the associations between high betrayal (HB) and low betrayal (LB) trauma exposure, relationship with family, and physical and mental health symptoms. Exposure to HB traumas in childhood and poor family relationships predicted earlier age at first episode of homelessness, and participants who had been exposed to a greater number of traumas during childhood were more likely to be revictimized during adulthood. Trauma exposure as an adult and earlier age of first homeless episode predicted symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, while trauma exposure alone predicted symptoms of depression and perceived stress. Number of medical diagnoses was associated with trauma exposure and becoming homeless at an older age. These findings emphasize that even among the most marginalized and multiply victimized individuals in our society, traumas that are characterized by a higher degree of betrayal are associated with more adverse outcomes. (Publisher abstract)
Lifetime prevalence of multiple victimizations and its impact on children’s mental health
- Authors:
- CYR Katie, CLEMENT Marie-Eve, CHAMBERLAND Claire
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 29(4), 2014, pp.616-634.
- Publisher:
- Sage
This study sought to document lifetime experiences of individual categories of victimizations and polyvictimization using the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire among children from the province of Quebec (Canada) to examine whether polyvictimization predicts mental health symptoms and to assess whether categories of victimization still contribute to mental health symptoms after considering polyvictimization. Polyvictimization accounted for the most variability in scores for depression, anxiety, and anger/aggression compared with individual victimization categories. None of the individual categories of victimization made an independent contribution to the prediction of trauma scores, once polyvictimization was considered. (Publisher abstract)
Developing an evidence base for violent and disablist hate crime in Britain: findings from the Life Opportunities Survey
- Authors:
- EMERSON Eric, ROULSTONE Alan
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 29(17), 2014, pp.3086-3104.
- Publisher:
- Sage
The U.K.’s Life Opportunities Survey was used to examine disabled people’s self-reported exposure to violent crime, hate crime, and disablist hate crime in the UK over a 12 month period. Information was collected from a nationally representative sample of 37,513 British adults (age 16 or older). Results indicated that (a) disabled adults were significantly more likely to have been exposed over the previous 12 months to violent crime and hate crime than their non-disabled peers, (b) the differential risk of exposure to violent crime was particularly elevated among disabled adults with mental health problems, (c) the differential risk of exposure to hate crime was particularly elevated among disabled adults with mental health problems or cognitive impairments; and (d) these effects were strongly moderated by poverty status with no increase in differential risk of exposure for disabled adults among more wealthy respondents. (Edited publisher abstract)
HIV risk among pregnant teenagers with a history of interpersonal violence
- Authors:
- KUO Caroline C., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Aggression Maltreatment and Trauma, 23(7), 2014, pp.740-750.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
This study examined the relationship among interpersonal violence, depressive symptoms, and HIV risk behaviours among pregnant teenagers. A sample of 116 pregnant teenagers was recruited in Rhode Island. Multivariate logistic regressions tested whether or not the relationship between history of interpersonal violence and HIV risk remained after controlling for age and education. Participants reported a young age of sexual debut and low rates of condom use. Multivariate logistic regressions indicate a significant relationship between interpersonal violence and HIV risk but not in degree of depression symptoms and HIV risk. Pregnant teenagers with a history of interpersonal violence could benefit from interventions that address HIV risk.
Youth victimization in Sweden: Prevalence, characteristics and relation to mental health and behavioral problems in young adulthood
- Authors:
- CARTER Asa K., ANDERSHED Anna-Karin, ANDERSHED Henrik
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 38(8), 2014, pp.1290-1302.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
The present study examines multiple types of victimization simultaneously, their prevalence and characteristics in childhood and adolescence, and it examines the associations between victimization and poly-victimization on the one hand and single and multiple mental health and behavioural problems on the other. The sample consisted of 2,500 Swedish young adults (20–24 years) who provided detailed report of multiple types of lifetime victimization and current health and behaviours via an interview and a questionnaire. Results showed that it was more common to be victimized in adolescence than in childhood and more common to be victimized repeatedly rather than a single time, among both males and females. Males and females were victimized in noticeably different ways and partially at different places and by different perpetrators. With regard to mental health and behavioural problems, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, self-harm, and criminality were clearly overrepresented among both males and females who had experienced any type of victimization. Poly-victimization was related to single and multiple mental health and behavioural problems among both males and females. Concludes that professionals need to conduct thorough evaluations of victimization when completing mental health assessments among troubled youths, and that youth might benefit from the development of interventions for poly-victimized youth. (Edited publisher abstract)
Associations between childhood abuse and interpersonal aggression and suicide attempt among U.S. adults in a national study
- Authors:
- HARFORD Thomas C., YI Hsiao-ye, GRANT Bridget F.
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 38(8), 2014, pp.1389-1398.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
This study examines associations among childhood physical, emotional, or sexual abuse and violence toward self (suicide attempts [SA]) and others (interpersonal aggression [IA]). Data were obtained from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions Waves 1 and 2 in the US (n = 34,653). Multinomial logistic regression examined associations between type of childhood abuse and violence categories, adjusting for demographic variables, other childhood adversity, and DSM-IV psychiatric disorders. The prevalence of reported childhood abuse was 4.60% for physical abuse, 7.83% for emotional abuse, and 10.20% for sexual abuse. Approximately 18% of adults reported some form of violent behaviour, distributed as follows: IA, 13.37%; SA, 2.64%; and SA with IA, 1.85%. After adjusting for demographic variables, other childhood adversity, and psychiatric disorders, each type of childhood abuse was significantly related to increased risk for each violence category as compared with the no violence category. Furthermore, the odds ratio of childhood physical abuse was significantly higher for SA with IA when compared with IA, and the odds ratio of childhood sexual abuse was significantly higher for SA and SA with IA when compared with IA. Childhood physical, emotional, and sexual abuse is directly related to the risk for violent behaviours to self and others. Both internalizing and externalizing psychiatric disorders impact the association between childhood abuse and violence. The inclusion of suicidal behaviours and interpersonal aggression and internalizing/externalizing psychiatric disorders within an integrated conceptual framework will facilitate more effective interventions for long-lasting effects of child abuse. (Edited publisher abstract)