Search results for ‘Subject term:"mental health problems"’ Sort:
Results 1 - 10 of 23
Childhood sexual abuse and psychosomatic symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome
- Author:
- ROSS Colin A.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 14(1), 2005, pp.27-38.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Irritable bowel syndrome is characterized by chronic gastrointestinal symptoms without a demonstrable physical cause. In a subgroup of patients, irritable bowel syndrome may be part of a cluster of psychosomatic symptoms related to childhood sexual abuse. To investigate this possibility, the Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule (DDIS), the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) and the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) were administered to 105 subjects with either irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis), or other gastrointestinal disorders. The subjects in the three groups did not differ on the DES, the SCL-90 or most sections of the DDIS. However, subjects with irritable bowel syndrome reported much higher rates of childhood sexual abuse and psychosomatic symptoms.
Childhood trauma levels in individuals attending adult mental health services: an evaluation of clinical records and structured measurement of childhood trauma
- Authors:
- ROSSITER Amy, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 44, 2015, pp.36-45.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Despite an increased awareness regarding the prevalence and impact of childhood trauma, especially childhood sexual abuse (CSA), few studies examine the clinical reporting of such childhood experiences. This study compared the prevalence of childhood trauma recorded in individual's clinical notes to those ascertained with a structured validated questionnaire, examined which forms of childhood trauma were less likely to be reported to the treating mental health team and established which demographic or clinical factors were associated with reporting of childhood trauma. The prevalence of childhood trauma was ascertained using both the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and a lifetime retrospective clinical note review in 129 individuals attending a general adult mental health service. Individuals were evaluated for the presence of mental health disorders, impulsivity, symptom severity and disability. Using the CTQ, childhood trauma was noted in 77% of individuals and recorded in 38% of individual's clinical notes. The greatest differences between CTQ reporting and clinical note documentation were noted for emotional neglect (62% versus 13.2%), physical neglect (48.1% versus 5.4%) and CSA (24.8% versus 8.5%). Childhood trauma was associated with increased psychopathology and greater symptom severity, and was particularly prevalent for individuals with personality disorders. This study demonstrated high rates of childhood trauma amongst adults attending a general adult mental health service. Furthermore, we demonstrated high rates of either non-enquiry from mental health professionals and/or high rates of non-documentation of childhood trauma by mental health professionals. Given the disparity between reporting of childhood trauma in clinical notes and findings with the CTQ, the use of a standardised questionnaire for the assessment of childhood trauma should be considered when performing a comprehensive mental health history. (Edited publisher abstract)
Mental health of refugees and asylum seekers
- Editors:
- BHUGRA Dinesh, CRAIG Tom, BHUI Kamaldeep, (eds.)
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- Publication year:
- 2010
- Pagination:
- 320p.
- Place of publication:
- Oxford
Throughout the world, the number of refugees and asylum seekers continue to increase. Due to persecution, war, or violations of their human rights, many will have specific mental health needs. Cultural and socioeconomic factors play a major role in expressions of distress, help seeking, pathways into care, and acceptance or rejection of treatments. Being a refugee or asylum seeker raises questions about an individual's self-respect and altered identity. Too often though, the needs of this population are ignored by policy makers and clinicians, and these people are left to fend for themselves. This book presents both the theoretical and practical aspects of the mental health needs of refugees and asylum seekers. It looks at the impact of migration on mental health and adjustment, trauma, individual identity, and diagnostic fallacies. A practical section highlights cultural factors, therapeutic interaction, therapeutic expectation and psychotherapy. The final part of the book focuses on special problems - such as bereavement, sexual violence, and post-traumatic stress disorders, as well as considering mental health problems in special groups, such as child refugees. This book is designed for all mental health professionals, helping them better understand the needs of refugees and asylum seekers, how their problems can be managed, and how they can best be helped.
Traumatic loss, complicated grief, and terrorism
- Authors:
- PIVAR Ilona L., PRIGERSON Holly G.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Aggression Maltreatment and Trauma, 9(1/2), 2004, pp.277-288.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
The experience of losing loved ones is an inevitable outcome of acts of terror. In assessing mental health outcomes in survivors of such acts, researchers have frequently not measured the distress of bereavement even when losses occur. This article defines current concepts of complicated and traumatic grief and reviews the progress researchers have made in measuring the full extent of distress caused by violent and traumatic events. The authors suggest that measurement of complicated and traumatic grief must be included in research and assessment protocols within cultural contexts in order to develop successful treatments for survivors of terrorist acts.
Childhood maltreatment among Norwegian drug abusers in treatment
- Authors:
- RAVNDAL Edle, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Social Welfare, 10(2), April 2001, pp.142-147.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This article reports on the investigation of the correlation between the European Addiction Severity Index and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire among 102 Norwegian drug abusers admitted to treatment. The aim of the study is to explore how different types and levels of childhood trauma and social and psychiatric factors, medical situation and experienced family history are interrelated. Concludes that more research, and especially prospective studies, is needed to clarify the importance of parents' substance abuse and psychiatric problems in childhood/adolescence compared with trauma in the client's childhood and the client's current psychiatric status.
Numbing the pain: survivors' voices of childhood sexual and addiction
- Author:
- ONE IN FOUR
- Publisher:
- One in Four
- Publication year:
- 2019
- Pagination:
- 44
- Place of publication:
- London
This report highlights the link between substance misuse and childhood sexual abuse. Using 14 personal accounts and critical analysis, the report illustrates how childhood sexual abuse predisposes survivors to substance use and addiction. It shows how the trauma of childhood sexual abuse can affect survivors' emotions, their ability to relate to others and how drugs and alcohol can be used to numb the pain of abuse. It finds that addiction services rarely make the link between substance use and the underlying trauma of childhood sexual abuse, yet survivors can report a range of mental health issues. It recommends that addiction and mental health services develop a trauma model in working with people in addiction, make the link between childhood sexual abuse as an underlying trauma in addiction and consider how they are supporting and signposting survivors to appropriate support. It order to establish the scale of childhood sexual abuse trauma in people with addictions, it also recommends that services anonymously record disclosures of childhood sexual abuse for collation. (Edited publisher abstract)
Persistent complications of child sexual abuse: sexually compulsive behaviors, attachment, and emotions
- Authors:
- MEYER Dixie, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 26(2), 2017, pp.140-157.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Child sexual abuse has the potential to cause distress for the victim across the lifespan. Romantic relationships may be particularly difficult for victims of child sexual abuse. This retrospective study examined differences in adult romantic attachment, sexually compulsive behaviours, and emotion regulation by history of child sexual abuse in a large, nonclinical sample. Those with a history of child sexual abuse reported more attachment anxiety in romantic relationships and engaged in more sexually compulsive behaviours. Overall, males displayed more sexually compulsive behaviours than females regardless of history of sexual abuse. Males with a history of sexual abuse displayed the greatest number of sexually compulsive behaviours. Surprisingly, no differences were observed in emotion regulation or attachment avoidant behaviours by history of child sexual abuse. Future research should seek to replicate current findings and examine emotion regulation difficulties experienced as a result of trauma. (Edited publisher abstract)
Trauma appraisals, emotion regulation difficulties, and self-compassion predict posttraumatic stress symptoms following childhood abuse
- Authors:
- BARLOW M. Rose, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 65, 2017, pp.37-47.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Experiencing traumatic events and abuse is unfortunately common in general, non-clinical samples. Recent research indicates that the ways in which individuals interpret traumatic experiences, as well as the ways that they manage challenging emotions in general, may statistically predict post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms to a greater extent than does trauma itself. Negative trauma appraisals, generalised emotion regulation (ER) difficulties, and low levels of self-compassion have each been shown to influence the connection between trauma exposure and subsequent PTSD symptoms. However, little is known regarding how these processes interact, or their relative contributions to mental health after trauma. The current study analysed data from 466 university students who completed self-report measures of childhood abuse, PTSD symptoms, trauma appraisals, ER difficulties, and self-compassion. Childhood abuse exposure and PTSD symptoms were positively associated with negative trauma appraisals and ER difficulties, and negatively associated with self-compassion. Self-compassion was inversely associated with negative trauma appraisals and ER difficulties. Multiple mediation analyses demonstrated that negative trauma appraisals, ER difficulties, and levels of self-compassion fully explained the link between abuse exposure and PTSD symptoms via several specific pathways. These findings suggest that researchers, clinicians, and abuse survivors can benefit from addressing these interconnected domains during treatment and recovery processes. (Edited publisher abstract)
Sexual coercion, trauma, and sex work in justice-involved women with substance use disorders
- Authors:
- SALINA Doreen D., RAM Daphna, JASON Leonard A.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Aggression Maltreatment and Trauma, 25(3), 2016, pp.254-268.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Sexual victimisation is associated with mental health problems, trauma, substance use, and incarceration. The authors recruited 200 formerly incarcerated women with substance use disorders in Chicago. They examined whether empowerment moderates relationships between trauma symptoms, trading sex, and being forced to have sex. There was a significant 3-way interaction among sexual coercion, trading, and empowerment scores on trauma symptoms. For women who have not traded sex, lower levels of empowerment were associated with a larger difference in trauma symptoms between women who have been coerced or traded sex. For women who had been coerced, lower levels of empowerment were associated with a larger difference in trauma symptomatology between those who have traded sex or not. Promoting empowerment in sexually traumatised women might reduce the harm that results from being victimised. Furthermore, providing interventions that educate women regarding gender and cultural roles could help women avoid situations that result in exploitation. (Edited publisher abstract)
Sexual violence victimization and associations with health in a community sample of African American women
- Authors:
- BASILE Kathleen C., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Aggression Maltreatment and Trauma, 25(3), 2016, pp.231-253.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Limited information exists on the relationship between sexual violence victimisation and health among African American women. Using data from a community sample of African American women, the authors examine the association between current health and lifetime experiences of sexual violence. In-person interviews were completed in 2010. Among interviewees, 53.7% of women reported rape victimisation and 44.8% reported sexual coercion in their lifetime. Victims of rape or sexual coercion were significantly more likely to report depression and posttraumatic stress disorder during their lifetime. Among victims whose first unwanted sexual experience was rape or sexual coercion, perpetrators were mostly acquaintances and intimate partners, and over one third were injured and needed services. More attention is needed on the health needs of African American women and their association to victimisation status. (Edited publisher abstract)