Search results for ‘Subject term:"mental health problems"’ Sort:
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Psychological distress and psychiatric disorder after natural disasters: systematic review and meta-analysis
- Authors:
- BEAGLEHOLE Ben, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 213(6), 2018, pp.716-722.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Background: Natural disasters are increasing in frequency and severity. They cause widespread hardship and are associated with detrimental effects on mental health. Aims: Our aim is to provide the best estimate of the effects of natural disasters on mental health through a systematic review and meta-analysis of the rates of psychological distress and psychiatric disorder after natural disasters. Method: This systematic review and meta-analysis is limited to studies that met predetermined quality criteria. We required included studies to make comparisons with pre-disaster or non-disaster exposed controls, and sample representative populations. Key studies were identified through a comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE and PsycINFO from 1980 to 3 March 2017. Random effects meta-analyses were performed for studies that reported key outcomes with appropriate statistics. Results: Forty-one studies were identified by the literature search, of which 27 contributed to the meta-analyses. Continuous measures of psychological distress were increased after natural disasters (combined standardised mean difference 0.63, 95% CI 0.27–0.98, P = 0.005). Psychiatric disorders were also increased (combined odds ratio 1.84, 95% CI 1.43–2.38, P < 0.001). Rates of post-traumatic stress disorder and depression were significantly increased after disasters. Findings for anxiety and alcohol misuse/dependence were not significant. High rates of heterogeneity suggest that disaster-specific factors and, to a lesser degree, methodological factors contribute to the variance between studies. Conclusions: Increased rates of psychological distress and psychiatric disorders follow natural disasters. High levels of heterogeneity between studies suggest that disaster variables and post-disaster response have the potential to mitigate adverse effects. (Edited publisher abstract)
Questionable validity of 'dissociative amnesia' in trauma victims
- Authors:
- POPE Harrison, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 172, March 1998, pp.210-215.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Reviews evidence from prospective studies to test whether individuals can develop amnesia for traumatic experiences, a process variously termed ' repression', ' dissociative amnesia' or psychogenic amnesia'. Finds that prospective data as yet to fail to demonstrate that individuals can develop dissociative amnesia for traumatic events.
Understanding dissociative disorders
- Author:
- LIVINGSTONE Kathryn
- Publisher:
- MIND
- Publication year:
- 2002
- Pagination:
- 15p.
- Place of publication:
- London
Dissociation is a defence mechanism. Its primary function is to help people to survive traumatic experiences. The bomb survivor, quoted opposite, is describing a normal dissociative response, which allowed her to focus on the things she needed to do to survive, including remembering where the nearest exit was. Dissociation can also occur as a side effect of some drugs, medication and alcohol. Dissociative disorders occur when people have persistent and repeated episodes of dissociation. These usually cause distressing internal chaos and may interfere with work, school, social, or home life. This is called the dissociation continuum. A person’s position on the continuum will depend on the severity and mix of the types of dissociation they experience.The dissociation continuum, ranges from everyday dissociation, to depersonalisation disorder and dissociative amnesia; dissociative fugue and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD); dissociative disorder not otherwise specified (DDNOS) to dissociative identity disorder (DID).
Explaining the forgetting and recovery of abuse and trauma memories: possible mechanisms
- Authors:
- EPSTEIN Michele A., BOTTOMS Bette L.
- Journal article citation:
- Child Maltreatment, 7(3), August 2002, pp.210-225.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Much attention has been focused on memories of abuse that are allegedly forgotten or repressed then recovered. By retrospectively surveying more than 1,400 college women, the authors investigated the frequency with which temporary forgetting is reported for child sexual abuse experiences as opposed to other childhood abuse and traumas and exactly how victims characterize their forgetting experiences in terms of various competing cognitive mechanisms. Rates of forgetting were similar among victims who experienced sexual abuse, physical abuse, and multiple types of traumas. Victims of other types of childhood traumas (e.g., car accidents) reported less forgetting than victims of childhood sexual abuse or multiple types of trauma. Most victims' characterizations of their forgetting experiences were not indicative of repression in the classic Freudian sense but instead suggested other more common mechanisms, such as directed forgetting and relabeling.
Trauma, coping, and depression among women with HIV/AIDS in New York City
- Authors:
- SIMONI J.M., NG M.T.
- Journal article citation:
- AIDS Care, 12(5), October 2000, pp.567-580.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Among 230 HIV-positive women in New York city, the researchers examined the association of retrospective self-reports of sexual and physical abuse, current coping strategies and depressive symptomatology. Results revealed a high prevalence of abuse in childhood and adulthood. Childhood abuse positively correlated with the frequency of current adaptive and avoidant coping strategies. Implications for improving the psychological functioning of women living with HIV/AIDS are discussed.
Psychological therapies for post-traumatic stress disorder
- Author:
- ADSHEAD Gwen
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 177, August 2000, pp.144-148.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Since the incidence and prevalence rates for PTSD in the community are significant, it is important that general practitioners and psychiatrists be familiar with possible therapeutic options. This review looks at the published evidence about the effectiveness of psychological treatment for PTSD. Although a proportion of people with complex or chronic PTSD may require specialist interventions, most patients can be treated effectively by a general psychiatric service which can offer both pharmacological and psychological interventions.
The social work response to post-traumatic stress disorder in children: a cognitive-behavioural approach
- Authors:
- PARKER Jonathan, RANDALL Peter, GOFFIN Pauline
- Journal article citation:
- Behavioural Social Work Review, 17(1), May 1996, pp.52-62.
- Publisher:
- Cognitive Behavioural Social Work Group
Post-traumatic stress Disorder (PTSD) affects both children and adults. It can result from the traumatic experience of abuse in childhood. Knowledge of the syndrome and its effects is, however, limited. Thus important opportunities for interventions are missed. This paper describes a cognitive-behavioural approach to PTSD using case study material.
The use of participatory research to facilitate a psychological rehabilitation programme for child survivors of violence in a South African community
- Authors:
- PETERSEN I., MAGWAZA A.S., PILLAY Y.G.
- Journal article citation:
- Social Work Maatskaplike Werk, 32(1), 1996, pp.67-74.
At the time that this project was undertaken violence resulting from political conflict had reached endemic proportions in South Africa, having escalated since the abandonment of formal apartheid in 1990. This phenomenon has been attributed to the emergence of new class differentiation amongst the black population as a result of differential access to employment opportunities, incomes and access to urban residential resources. The central motivation for this project was to develop a model for psychological rehabilitation programmes in deprived communities within a primary mental heath care framework. Examines the concepts if primary mental health care and participatory research and outlines the research approach within a primary mental health care framework. Also evaluates the use of participatory research to promote empowerment, particularly in the context of research on the effects of violence. The feasibility of the primary mental health care framework for the delivery of trauma services is also evaluated.
Life as trauma
- Author:
- GODSI Elie
- Journal article citation:
- Changes an International Journal of Psychology and Psychotherapy, 13(4), December 1995, pp.261-269.
Concepts such as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder serve to distract us from the simple truth that many people suffer lives which are almost continually traumatic. In the case of the person described in this paper it might be asked why she did not react in a violent way before the incident which led to her incarceration in a secure hospital. Argues that both psychiatry and psychology serve to further detract from a realistic understanding of difficulties faced by many clients living traumatic lives.
Cult and ritual abuse: its history, anthropology and recent discovery in contemporary America
- Authors:
- NOBLITT James Randall, PERSKIN Pamela Sue
- Publisher:
- Praeger
- Publication year:
- 1995
- Pagination:
- 241p.,bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- Westport, CT
Describes ritual abuse, a phenomenon reported with increasing frequency throughout the world. It reviews both the published and unpublished accounts of ritual abuse and the commentaries on this subject. Also describes one therapist's personal experience evaluating and treating individuals making these allegations, most of whom were seen as psychotherapy patients seeking consultation at a private psychological and counselling practice.