Search results for ‘Subject term:"mental health problems"’ Sort:
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What are the risk and protective factors for drug misuse? What attitudes and beliefs do people hold about the development of drug misuse? Summary of findings from two systematic reviews
- Author:
- PUBLIC HEALTH WALES OBSERVATORY
- Publisher:
- Public Health Wales
- Publication year:
- 2021
- Pagination:
- 14
- Place of publication:
- Cardiff
This report provides a summary of the findings from two systematic reviews, which looked at risk and protective factors for drug misuse and the perceptions that people hold about why individuals do and do not use drugs. Both reviews show that risk factors are multiple, complex and likely to interact with one another rather than operate in isolation. The quantitative review identified several potential risk factors that prevention programmes could address. Although cohort studies alone cannot infer causation, there was consistent evidence from multiple studies for some risk factors: younger age at first cannabis use, substance using peers and childhood maltreatment were potential risk factors supported by good evidence; prior alcohol use, adolescent illicit drug use (other than cannabis), cigarette smoking, bullying perpetration, male gender, personality traits, parental drinking, parental illicit drug use, parental mental state and parental cigarette smoking as potential risk factors. Moderate quality evidence suggested that parental education and parental monitoring are not associated with drug misuse. The findings of the quantitative review suggest that any interventions aimed at discouraging the initial use of illegal drugs or stopping the likelihood of misuse of prescription medications should include multiple components across all levels of the socioecological model for health. Coping with depression or anxiety, circumstances such as bereavement or a dysfunctional childhood, or drug use being seen as “the norm” within an individual’s social network were often given as reasons for initiation of illicit drug use, with some wider community and policy level factors also at play. Lack of options for managing pain in primary care or coping with difficult circumstances were seen as reasons for the misuse of prescription and OTC medications. Wider institutional and policy level factors were also discussed by some participants. (Edited publisher abstract)
Exploring the relationship between intimate partner violence, childhood abuse and psychiatric disorders among female drug users in Barcelona
- Authors:
- GILCHRIST Gail, BLÁZQUEZ Alicia, TORRENS Marta
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Dual Diagnosis, 5(2), 2012, pp.46-58.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Histories of psychiatric disorders, intimate partner violence and childhood abuse are common in female substance users in treatment. Research suggests that such histories result in poorer treatment outcomes. This study investigated the relationship between intimate partner violence, childhood abuse and psychiatric disorders among 118 female drug users in treatment in Barcelona, Spain. The risk of experiencing intimate partner violence were nearly 2.5 times greater among those with any depressive disorder, over three times greater for those who reported ever attempting suicide, met criteria for borderline personality disorder, had been abused in childhood or currently lived with a substance user. Only living with a substance user and a history of childhood abuse remained significant in the model examining intimate partner violence victimisation. The authors concluded that histories of intimate partner violence and childhood abuse should be identified and addressed in substance abuse treatment to enhance treatment outcomes.
Childhood maltreatment and the structure of common psychiatric disorders
- Authors:
- KEYES Katherine M., et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 200(2), February 2012, pp.107-115.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Exposure to childhood maltreatment has been shown to increase risk for many psychiatric disorders. This non-specific pattern of risk may mean that childhood maltreatment increases vulnerability to numerous specific psychiatric disorders through diverse, specific mechanisms or that childhood maltreatment engenders a generalised liability to dimensions of psychopathology. The aim of this study was to estimate the associations of childhood maltreatment with underlying dimensions of internalising and externalising psychopathology and with specific disorders. Data were drawn from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, a nationally representative survey of 34,653 US adults. Analysis revealed that the association between childhood maltreatment and psychiatric disorders operates through latent liabilities to experience internalising and externalising psychopathology. Important gender differences emerged with physical abuse associated only with externalising liability in men, and only with internalising liability in women. Neglect was not significantly associated with latent liability levels. The findings indicate that the prevention of maltreatment may have a wide range of benefits in reducing the prevalence of many common mental disorders.
Prevalence of substance misuse in first-episode psychosis
- Authors:
- CANTWELL Roch, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 174, February 1999, pp.150-153.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
This study identifies the prevalence and pattern of substance use and misuse in first-episode psychosis, and relationships with diagnosis, mode of presentation and demographic variables. It confirms high rates of substance misuse at onset of psychosis. There is evidence for an increase in diagnosis of substance-related psychotic disorder over time. Those most at risk of substance misuse are young males.
Substance misuse in life and death in a 2-year cohort of suicides
- Authors:
- GALWAY Karen, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 208(3), 2016, pp.292-297.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Background: Although substance misuse is a key risk factor in suicide, relatively little is known about the relationship between lifetime misuse and misuse at the time of suicide. Aims: To examine the relationship between substance misuse and subsequent suicide. Method: Linkage of coroners' reports to primary care records for 403 suicides occurring over 2 years. Results: With alcohol misuse, 67% of the cohort had previously sought help for alcohol problems and 39% were intoxicated at the time of suicide. Regarding misuse of other substances, 54% of the cohort was tested. Almost one in four (38%) tested positive, defined as an excess of drugs over the prescribed therapeutic dosage and/or detection of illicit substances. Those tested were more likely to be young and have a history of drug misuse. Conclusions: A deeper understanding of the relationship between substance misuse and suicide could contribute to prevention initiatives. Furthermore, standardised toxicology screening processes would avoid diminishing the importance of psychosocial factors involved in suicide as a ‘cause of death’. (Publisher abstract)
The impact of the crisis on homelessness in Spain: social intervention in a context of greater need and fewer resources
- Authors:
- MARQUEZ Gorka Moreno, URRAZA Xabier Aierdi
- Journal article citation:
- European Journal of Social Work, 19(1), 2016, pp.31-45.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
The purpose of this article is to deepen the understanding of the impact of the social and economic crisis on homeless people in Spain. To this end we present the results of research carried out prior to the crisis and later updated in the midst of the economic recession, underscoring the main results obtained in both periods and tracing their evolution. The number of homeless people in Spain has risen as a result of the crisis. Moreover, while some characteristics of this group remain the same, others have changed. Hence, difficulties in access to the labour market and cuts in certain economic benefits are resulting in an increase in the duration of social inclusion processes. This results in a worsening of the personal situation of the homeless, especially in relation to mental illness and substance abuse. The immigrant population is the group most affected by these impacts. The situation clearly demonstrates the need to reflect on how to deal with the problem of homelessness in Spain, and to rethink the way professionals intervene, especially during periods of economic recession. (Publisher abstract)
Suicide risk and mental health co-morbidities in a probationer population
- Authors:
- CARDARELLI Roberto, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Community Mental Health Journal, 51(2), 2015, pp.145-152.
- Publisher:
- Springer
Mental health problems are disproportionately represented in the community corrections system with limited information on the epidemiology of mental health and correlated factors such as suicide among probationers. This study recruited 2,077 probationers who completed screeners for mental health and substance disorders and suicide risk. Results found 13% of probationers were at high risk of suicide. Those who screened positive for a mental health condition were between 2 and 8 times more likely to screen positive for suicide risk. Allocation of additional resources to mental health in the criminal justice system and to effectively coordinate existing mental health services is needed. (Edited publisher abstract)
Risk and rehabilitation: management and treatment of substance misuse and mental health problems in the criminal justice system
- Authors:
- PYCROFT Aaron, CLIFT Suzie
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
- Publication year:
- 2012
- Pagination:
- 224p.
- Place of publication:
- Bristol
Drug and alcohol misuse and mental health problems constitute a significant proportion of the work carried out in the criminal justice system. Approaches to these often intractable problems have seen the rise of a dominant risk paradigm concerned with public protection and the use of coercion through court orders to access treatment. This book considers notions of risk and rehabilitation in detail within the practice of those court orders, whilst contextualising them within a wider comparative literature and research base. The efficacy of these approaches, practice issues and innovations including, for example, therapeutic jurisprudence are analysed. The book also includes discussions of the implications for partnership working and the importance of reconfiguring the nature of rehabilitative relationships.
Severity of victimization and co-occurring mental health disorders among substance using adolescents
- Author:
- SABRI Bushra
- Journal article citation:
- Child and Youth Care Forum, 41(1), February 2012, pp.37-55.
- Publisher:
- Springer
This study evaluates whether severe victimization experiences were shared risk factors for internalizing only, externalizing only, and co-occurring internalizing and externalizing disorders among victimized substance-using adolescents. Adolescents, ages 11–18, participated in a comprehensive screening program for substance abuse at 106 Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration sites in the United States. Longer duration/frequent victimization, more than one type of victimization, and recent victimization were related to co-occurring internalizing and externalizing disorders. Victimization by a trusted person, however, was only related to internalizing disorders. The findings suggest that practitioners in substance abuse treatment must thoroughly assess for severe victimization experiences among adolescents presenting with co-occurring mental health issues. Treatment planning and interventions may focus on helping adolescents cope effectively with their victimization experiences and addressing their MH needs.
Tackling homelessness and exclusion: understanding complex lives
- Author:
- MCDONAGH Theresa
- Publisher:
- Joseph Rowntree Foundation
- Publication year:
- 2011
- Pagination:
- 15p.
- Place of publication:
- York
Homelessness is often something that is inextricably linked with complex and chaotic life experiences. Mental health problems, drug and alcohol dependencies, street culture activities and institutional experiences are often closely linked with the more extreme experiences of homelessness. This paper explores evidence collected as part of the Multiple Exclusion Homelessness (MEH) Research Programme. The programme provides a statistically robust account of MEH in seven UK cities, alongside evidence from the life histories and accounts of people with first-hand experience of MEH and reflections from front-line workers, managers and commissioners. The paper looks at services for people with complex needs and suggests ways that policy and practice can more effectively tackle homelessness. Key points show that most complex needs were experienced by homeless men aged between 20 and 49, and especially by those in their 30s. Where homelessness and housing support agencies take on primary responsibility for supporting people with multiple and complex needs, workers can often feel isolated and out of their depth. It has been suggested that housing support workers are now filling the gap left by the retreat of social workers from direct work with adults. The paper concludes that there needs to be an integrated response across health, housing and social care.