Search results for ‘Subject term:"mental health problems"’ Sort:
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Mental disorders in juveniles who sexually offended: a meta-analysis
- Authors:
- BOONMANN Cyril, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Aggression and Violent Behavior, 24, 2015, pp.241-249.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
In order to establish the prevalence of mental disorders in juveniles who sexually offended (JSOs) a meta-analysis was carried out based on studies reporting on the prevalence rates of mental disorders in JSOs. Differences in mental disorders between JSOs and juveniles who offended non-sexually (non-JSOs) were also assessed. In total, 21 studies reporting on mental disorders in 2951 JSOs and 18,688 non-JSOs were included. In the total group of JSOs, 69% met the criteria for at least one mental disorder; comorbidity was present in 44%. The most common externalising and internalising disorders were respectively conduct disorder (CD; 51%) and anxiety disorder (18%). Compared to non-JSOs, JSOs were less often diagnosed with a Disruptive Behaviour Disorder (DBD, i.e., CD and/or Oppositional Deviant Disorder [ODD]), an Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and a Substance Use Disorder (SUD). No significant differences were found for internalising disorders. In conclusion, although the prevalence of externalising disorders is higher in non-JSOs, mental disorders are highly prevalent in JSOs. Even though results of the current meta-analysis may overestimate prevalence rates (e.g., due to publication bias), screening of JSOs should focus on mental disorders. (Edited publisher abstract)
A comparison of substance abuse severity among homeless and non-homeless adults
- Author:
- HUNTLEY Sylvia S.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 25(4), 2015, pp.312-321.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
This study aimed to determine whether mental health status and being homeless were significant predicators of substance abuse severity among adults and to determine whether mental health status was a significant predictor of substance abuse severity among adults over and above homeless status. Data were collected from 60 individuals from the Baltimore metropolitan area in the United States. Thirty individuals were homeless and attended a breakfast program; 30 individuals were residents of a community in close proximity to the program. Modes of measurement consisted of the Addiction Severity Index Self Report Form and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. Data for this study were coded numerically and analysed using multiple regression analysis. Results revealed that housing status was a significant predictor of alcohol abuse and that mental health status was not a significant predicator of substance abuse severity over and above homeless status. (Edited publisher abstract)
Dual diagnosis among veterans in the United States
- Authors:
- CRANE Cory A., SCHLAUCH Robert C., EASTON Caroline J.
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Dual Diagnosis, 8(1), 2015, pp.4-17.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: Over the course of their service, veterans are exposed to elevated levels of chronic stress that contribute to a greater prevalence of mental illness than observed in the general population. When mental illness is present, comorbidity is normative. Convergent evidence suggests that co-occurring substance use and mental illness is among the most prevalent forms of comorbidity within veteran samples. The purpose of this paper is to explore issues associated with dual diagnoses among veterans in the USA. Design/methodology/approach: Research on dual diagnoses among veterans was reviewed and consolidated for presentation into three substantive content areas consisting of prevalence, associated conditions, and treatment of dual diagnoses. Findings: Dually diagnosed veterans represent a group at particularly high risk for myriad adverse biopsychosocial and treatment outcomes, including poor health, suicidality, violence or aggressive behaviour, arrest, homelessness, and unemployment. A comprehensive strategy has been implemented within the Veterans Health Administration to address dual diagnosis and related problems. Additional research is required to more readily identify co-occurring substance use and mental illness and to refine integrated intervention approaches to minimize burden while improving treatment outcomes for veterans and their families. Originality/value: The current review includes a wide range of research spanning more than two decades and describing dual diagnosis among combat veterans of all modern eras. Areas in need of further research (e.g. dual diagnosis among female veterans; early detection of psychopathology and fully integrated care among returning veterans) are identified and discussed. (Publisher abstract)
Continuity of care in dual diagnosis treatment: definitions, applications, and implications
- Authors:
- McCALLUM Stacey L., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Dual Diagnosis, 11(3-4), 2015, pp.217-232.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Objective: To review the current literature on continuity of care in the treatment of people with dual diagnosis. In particular, the review set out to clarify how continuity of care has been defined, applied, and assessed in treatment and to enhance its application in both research and clinical practice. Methods: To identify articles for review, the term “continuity” and combinations of “substance” and “treatment” were searched in electronic databases. The search was restricted to quantitative articles published in English after 1980. Papers were required to discuss “continuity” in treatment samples that included a proportion of patients with a dual diagnosis. Results: A total of 18 non-randomized studies met the inclusion criteria. Analysis revealed six core types of continuity in this treatment context: continuity of relationship with provider(s), continuity across services, continuity through transfer, continuity as regularity and intensity of care, continuity as responsive to changing patient need, and successful linkage of the patient. Patient age, ethnicity, medical status, living status, and the type of mental health and/or substance use disorder influenced the continuity of care experienced in treatment. Some evidence suggested that achieving continuity of care was associated with positive patient and treatment-related outcomes. Conclusions: This review summarises how continuity of care has been understood, applied, and assessed in the literature to date. Findings provide a platform for future researchers and service providers to implement and evaluate continuity of care in a consistent manner and to determine its significance in the treatment of people with a dual diagnosis. (Edited publisher abstract)
Contemporary housing issues: roundtable discussion and case studies
- Author:
- TURNING POINT
- Publisher:
- Turning Point
- Publication year:
- 2015
- Pagination:
- 6
- Place of publication:
- London
Summarising the findings from a roundtable discussion with service users and frontline staff from across the country on their experiences with social housing, this paper raises concerns of people with mental health issues looking for housing as part of their recovery. The paper examines some of the current challenges, focusing on the temporary status of residential service users, which limit their eligibility to access local services, including housing; communication breakdown between services and agencies; and managing people with mental health issues. Recommendations from this paper include: a dedicated liaison officer and better training provided to staff to help applicants with the process of applying for housing and to address the breakdown in communication so applicants are better informed; the reintroduction of the points-based system in order to establish priority based on needs; more transparency in the whole housing system is needed as there does not appear to be a clear, open way of working by housing officers when working with housing applicants; and local authorities should prioritise people with mental health conditions given that the stability of housing can have a significant effect on the ongoing recovery and continued wellbeing of individuals. (Edited publisher abstract)
From every direction: guilt, shame, and blame among parents of adolescents with co-occurring challenges
- Authors:
- COHEN-FILIPIC Katherine, BENTLEY Kia J.
- Journal article citation:
- Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 32(5), 2015, pp.443-454.
- Publisher:
- Springer
This article explores the results of a qualitative inquiry into guilt, blame, and shame as experienced by parents of children with co-occurring mental health and substance use challenges. These interviews represent both the lived experience of parents, as well as the perspective of clinicians who work with these families. The parent–clinician alliance is taken as a central context for considering how these experiences may affect the dynamics of the helping relationship. Analyses of these results suggest that guilt, blame, and shame are often experienced by parents and have important implications for engagement and therapeutic processes. Parents associate feelings of blame with interactions from a number of helping professionals and connect personal characteristics, parenting behaviors, and relationship issues with experiences of shame and guilt surrounding their children’s behavioral health challenges. Finally, the information that is shared across these interviews is used to guide the development of a number of practice guidelines for social workers who work with families of adolescents that experience co-occurring mental health and substance use issues (Publisher abstract)
Mental health and substance use problems among patients in substance use disorder treatment as reported by patients versus treatment personnel
- Authors:
- BERGLY Tone H., HAGEN Roger, GRAWE Rolf W.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Substance Use, 20(4), 2015, pp.282-287.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Objective: This study examines and compares mental health and substance use problems among patients in substance use disorder treatment as reported by both patients and treatment personnel, and explores the feasibility of the quadrant model in addressing severity of mental health and substance use based on reports by treatment personnel. Methods: Patients receiving inpatient substance use treatment at clinics in Norway were recruited for the study; 85 completed a cross-sectional survey. Treatment personnel completed a separate survey and gathered information from patient charts. Results: While there were minor differences in the patient and personnel reported prevalence of mental disorders in general (34 and 41%, respectively), there were significant differences in reported affective disorders and personality disorders. Based on the quadrant model, 70.2% of the patients had a high severity of substance use and low severity of mental health problems, while 21.4% had high severity of both. Conclusions: The differences in reports of mental disorders are important, and future research should aim to increase the validity and reliability of reported mental health problems among patients with substance use disorders. The quadrant model does seem to be a feasible model in addressing the severity of such co-occurring disorders. (Edited publisher abstract)
Recovery resources and psychiatric severity among persons with substance use disorders
- Authors:
- MAJER John M., PAYNE Jason C., JASON Leonard A.
- Journal article citation:
- Community Mental Health Journal, 51(4), 2015, pp.437-444.
- Publisher:
- Springer
A comparative analysis of recovery resources (abstinence social support, abstinence self-efficacy) was conducted among two groups exiting inpatient treatment for substance use disorders: persons with psychiatric comorbid substance use disorders and persons with substance use disorders. Both groups reported comparable levels of abstinence social support, but this resource was not significantly related to substance use among persons with psychiatric comorbid substance use disorders. Although abstinence self-efficacy was significantly related to substance use, persons with psychiatric comorbid substance use disorders reported significantly lower levels of abstinence self-efficacy than persons with substance use disorders. Findings suggest that persons with psychiatric comorbid substance use disorders exit alcohol/drug treatment with lower levels of abstinence self-efficacy compared to their substance use disorder peers. (Publisher abstract)
Suicide risk and mental health co-morbidities in a probationer population
- Authors:
- CARDARELLI Roberto, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Community Mental Health Journal, 51(2), 2015, pp.145-152.
- Publisher:
- Springer
Mental health problems are disproportionately represented in the community corrections system with limited information on the epidemiology of mental health and correlated factors such as suicide among probationers. This study recruited 2,077 probationers who completed screeners for mental health and substance disorders and suicide risk. Results found 13% of probationers were at high risk of suicide. Those who screened positive for a mental health condition were between 2 and 8 times more likely to screen positive for suicide risk. Allocation of additional resources to mental health in the criminal justice system and to effectively coordinate existing mental health services is needed. (Edited publisher abstract)
Hospital readmission rates and emergency department visits for mental health and substance abuse conditions
- Authors:
- SMITH Mark W., STOCKS Carol, SANTORA Patricia B.
- Journal article citation:
- Community Mental Health Journal, 51(2), 2015, pp.190-203.
- Publisher:
- Springer
Community hospital stays in 12 US states during 2008-2009 were analysed to determine predictors of 12-month hospital readmission and emergency department (EDs) revisits among persons with a mental health or substance abuse diagnosis. Probabilities of hospital readmission and of ED revisits were modelled as functions of patient demographics, insurance type, number of prior-year hospital stays, diagnoses and other characteristics of the initial stay, and hospital characteristics. Alcohol or drug dependence, dementias, psychotic disorders, autism, impulse control disorders, and personality disorders were most strongly associated with future inpatient admission or ED revisits within 12 months of initial encounter. Insurance type, including uninsured status, were highly significant predictors of both readmission and ED revisits. (Edited publisher abstract)