Search results for ‘Subject term:"mental health problems"’ Sort:
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Psychological distress and psychiatric disorder after natural disasters: systematic review and meta-analysis
- Authors:
- BEAGLEHOLE Ben, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 213(6), 2018, pp.716-722.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Background: Natural disasters are increasing in frequency and severity. They cause widespread hardship and are associated with detrimental effects on mental health. Aims: Our aim is to provide the best estimate of the effects of natural disasters on mental health through a systematic review and meta-analysis of the rates of psychological distress and psychiatric disorder after natural disasters. Method: This systematic review and meta-analysis is limited to studies that met predetermined quality criteria. We required included studies to make comparisons with pre-disaster or non-disaster exposed controls, and sample representative populations. Key studies were identified through a comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE and PsycINFO from 1980 to 3 March 2017. Random effects meta-analyses were performed for studies that reported key outcomes with appropriate statistics. Results: Forty-one studies were identified by the literature search, of which 27 contributed to the meta-analyses. Continuous measures of psychological distress were increased after natural disasters (combined standardised mean difference 0.63, 95% CI 0.27–0.98, P = 0.005). Psychiatric disorders were also increased (combined odds ratio 1.84, 95% CI 1.43–2.38, P < 0.001). Rates of post-traumatic stress disorder and depression were significantly increased after disasters. Findings for anxiety and alcohol misuse/dependence were not significant. High rates of heterogeneity suggest that disaster-specific factors and, to a lesser degree, methodological factors contribute to the variance between studies. Conclusions: Increased rates of psychological distress and psychiatric disorders follow natural disasters. High levels of heterogeneity between studies suggest that disaster variables and post-disaster response have the potential to mitigate adverse effects. (Edited publisher abstract)
Post-divorce adjustment and social relationships: a meta-analytic review
- Authors:
- KRUMREI Elizabeth, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Divorce and Remarriage, 47(3/4), 2007, pp.145-166.
- Publisher:
- Routledge
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
A meta-analysis of the findings of 21 studies on the role of social relationships in post-divorce adjustment is reported. It shows that network relationships (such as being part of a circle of friends or a support group) are particularly associated with positive post-divorce adjustment, as reflected in measures of well-being. Conversely, one-to-one relationships (with, for example, a family member or close friend) are particularly important in protecting against maladjustment, as reflected by measures of psychological distress or physical ill-health. The limitations of the meta-analysis are such that the findings need to be interpreted with caution, but there are implications nonetheless for professionals working with divorcing or recently divorced clients.
Sense of coherence, burden and mental health in caregiving: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Authors:
- DEL-PINO-CASADOA Rafael, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Affective Disorders, 242(1), January 2019, pp.14-21.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Background: Informal caregiving is associated with a number of negative effects on carers’ physical and psychological well-being. The salutogenic theory argues that sense of coherence (SOC) is an important factor in psychological adjustment to stress. The main aim of this study was to systematically review current evidence on the association between SOC, burden and mental health outcomes in informal carers. Method: A systematic search was carried out up to September 2017 in the following databases: PubMed, CINAHL (EBSCO), PsychInfo (OVID) and Scopus. Studies were included if they evaluated the relationship between sense of coherence and subjective caregiver burden and/or mental health outcomes, specifically symptoms of depression and anxiety. Meta-analyses were performed and subgroup analyses were carried out to explore if methodological factors influenced findings. Results: Thirty-five studies were included in the meta-analysis, which provided 40 independent samples with 22 independent comparisons for subjective caregiver burden, 26 for symptoms of depression and 7 for symptoms of anxiety. Higher levels of SOC were associated with lower levels of subjective caregiver burden and better mental health outcomes. Publication bias did not change the estimate of the effect. Limitations: Most of the studies included in this review were cross-sectional. Conclusions: Findings suggest that SOC is an important determinant of carer well-being and may protect carers from high levels of psychological distress and caregiver burden. (Edited publisher abstract)
Smartphones for smarter delivery of mental health programs: a systematic review
- Authors:
- DONKER Tara, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Medical Internet Research, 15(11), 2013, Online only
- Publisher:
- JMIR Publications
Objective: To systematically review the research evidence supporting the efficacy of mental health mobile phone applications (apps) for mobile devices (such as smartphones and tablets) for all ages. Methods: A comprehensive literature search (2008-2013) in MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PsycINFO, PsycTESTS, Compendex, and Inspec was conducted. Trials that examined the effects of mental health apps (for depression, anxiety, substance use, sleep disturbances, suicidal behavior, self-harm, psychotic disorders, eating disorders, stress, and gambling) delivered on mobile devices with a pre- to posttest design or compared with a control group were included. The control group could consist of wait list, treatment-as-usual, or another recognized treatment. Results: In total, 5464 abstracts were identified. Of those, 8 papers describing 5 apps targeting depression, anxiety, and substance abuse met the inclusion criteria. Four apps provided support from a mental health professional. Results showed significant reductions in depression, stress, and substance use. Within-group and between-group intention-to-treat effect sizes ranged from 0.29-2.28 and 0.01-0.48 at posttest and follow-up, respectively. Conclusions: Mental health apps have the potential to be effective and may significantly improve treatment accessibility. However, the majority of apps that are currently available lack scientific evidence about their efficacy. The public needs to be educated on how to identify the few evidence-based mental health apps available in the public domain to date. Further rigorous research is required to develop and test evidence-based programs. Given the small number of studies and participants included in this review, the high risk of bias, and unknown efficacy of long-term follow-up, current findings should be interpreted with caution, pending replication. Two of the 5 evidence-based mental health apps are currently commercially available in app stores. (Edited publisher abstract)
The effectiveness of workplace counselling: a systematic review
- Author:
- McLEOD John
- Journal article citation:
- Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 10(4), December 2010, pp.238-248.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Presents the findings of a review on the effectiveness of workplace counselling which examined English language studies published between 1980 and 2005. Workplace counselling is defined here as being internally delivered at work, or externally through, for example, employer financed Employee Assistance Programmes, or sourced independently by employees. Findings are analysed in terms of client satisfaction, psychological functioning, the meaning of work, work behaviour, and negative outcomes. The results showed general effectiveness in alleviating psychological problems, significantly altered sickness absence, and had a moderate effect on attitudes to work. The author discusses his concerns with methodological issues and calls for additional research in order to reiterate that workplace counselling is an evidence based example of good practice.
Grandparent caregivers
- Author:
- KOLOMER Stacey
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 50(S1), 2008, pp.321-344.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
There has been a dramatic increase in the number of households headed by grandparents in the USA in the past twenty years, and many grandparents are unprepared to take on the role of raising another generation. They are at risk of several physical, mental and emotional problems because of the stress and strain involved. This review looks at nine studies providing empirical evidence on psychosocial interventions for grandparents and covering interdisciplinary case management and group approaches. Both appear to be promising but very few projects have been systematically evaluated using rigorous methods. More research is required. The paper concludes with a ‘treatment resource appendix’ directed at American social workers. (Copies of this article are available from: Haworth Document Delivery Centre, Haworth Press Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580).
Familial caregivers of older adults
- Authors:
- CASSIE Kimberly McClure, SANDERS Sara
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 50(S1), 2008, pp.293-320.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Carers of older people need to balance the demands of family, career and caring, and are at increased risk of burden, stress, depression and a variety of other mental and physical health problems. A significant number may be receiving some form of medication for one or more of these conditions, but psychosocial interventions may be as – or more – effective. This review covers individual psychosocial interventions, group interventions, multi-modal interventions and technology-based interventions. These have been associated with reduced mental health symptoms, reduced fatigue, improved knowledge and attitudes, better social support and more effective management of behaviour problems in family members with dementia. Recommendations are given to expand research in this area beyond White populations and those caring for dementia patients. The paper concludes with a ‘treatment resource appendix’ directed at American social workers. (Copies of this article are available from: Haworth Document Delivery Centre, Haworth Press Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580).
Associations of caregiver stressors and uplifts with subjective well-being and depressive mood: a meta-analytic comparison
- Authors:
- PINQUART M., SORENSEN S.
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 8(5), September 2004, pp.438-449.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
The present meta-analytic study gives a systematic review of research on depression and the subjective well-being of caregivers. The authors integrate results from 60 studies on informal caregivers' subjective well-being (e.g., positive affect, life-satisfaction) and contrast them with the result of studies on caregiver depression. Analyses were based on a two-factor model of subjective well-being that distinguishes between positive and negative dimensions of well-being (e.g., happiness and depression). The strongest effects were domain-specific: uplifts of caregiving were associated with subjective well-being and caregiving stressors were associated with depression. In addition, weaker effects that crossed domains were present: uplifts were weakly associated with depressive symptoms. In addition, lower levels of caregivers' subjective well-being were weakly related to care receivers' physical and cognitive impairments, as well as behaviour problems, but not to the amount of caregiving. Type of care recipients' illness and the measure of well-being moderated, in part, the association between stressors/uplifts and subjective well-being.
Cognitive behavioral therapy for depression, anxiety, and stress in caregivers of dementia patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Authors:
- HOPKINSON Michael D., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Gerontologist, 59(4), 2019, pp.e343-e362.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Background and Objectives: There is limited evidence for the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in managing psychological morbidities in caregivers of dementia patients. To evaluate changes in dementia caregivers’ depression, anxiety, and stress following CBT. Also to assess quality of life, intervention adherence/satisfaction and therapy effectiveness using different formats, frequencies, and delivery methods. Research Design and Methods: Studies were identified through electronic bibliographic searches (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library) and from gray literature (Conference Proceedings Citation Index and clinicaltrials.gov). Data were pooled for meta-analysis. Results: Twenty-five studies were included. Depression (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −0.34; 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.47 to −0.21; p < .001) and stress (SMD = −0.36; 95% CI: −0.52 to −0.20; p < .001) were significantly reduced after CBT, relative to comparator groups, while anxiety was not (SMD = 0.10; 95% CI: −0.18 to 0.39; p = .47). A subgroup analysis demonstrated that statistically significant reductions in depression and stress were limited to group, but not individual, formats. An additional subgroup analysis revealed that eight CBT sessions or fewer were equally effective as more than eight sessions at significantly reducing depression and stress, relative to comparator groups. Furthermore, analysis with independent samples t-tests demonstrated no statistically significant differences between mean changes in depression (MD = 0.79; 95% CI: −0.45 to 2.03; p = .21) and stress (MD = 0.21; 95% CI: −1.43 to 1.85; p = .80) when directly comparing CBT groups of ≤8 and >8 sessions. Discussion and Implications: Group CBT provides small but significant benefits to caregivers’ depression and stress. Therapy cost-effectiveness may be improved by limiting therapy to group formats and eight sessions. (Edited publisher abstract)
Sexuality and intimacy among people with serious mental illness: a qualitative systematic review
- Authors:
- MCCANN Edward, et al
- Journal article citation:
- JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports, 17(1), 2019, pp.74-125.
- Publisher:
- Wolters Kulwer
Objective The aim of this systematic review was to synthesize the best available qualitative evidence on the experiences and support needs of people with serious mental illness (SMI) regarding sexuality and intimacy within hospital and community settings. The objectives were to explore intimate relationship experiences of people with SMI, to uncover potential obstacles to the expression of sexuality and to present recommendations for mental health policy, education, research and practice. Introduction Mental health services worldwide have seen major transformations in recent years through deinstitutionalization programs and more enlightened ways of organizing and providing mental health care. However, in terms of social and emotional wellbeing, issues persist for people with SMI, particularly relating to intimacy and the expression of sexuality. This systematic review may assist service providers to determine ways that they may better support people in establishing and maintaining satisfying intimate relationships and the full expression of their sexuality. Inclusion criteria This review explored the intimacy and sexuality experiences, perceptions and concerns of people over the age of 18 years who were living with a SMI in hospital or community settings. This review considered studies that focused on qualitative data including, but not limited to, designs such as phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, action research and feminist research. Methods The databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase and Web of Science were utilised in the review. The search included studies published from 1995 up to and including February 6, 2018 and were limited to those in the English language. Each paper was assessed by two independent reviewers for methodological quality using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research. Any disagreements that arose between the reviewers were resolved through discussion. Data extraction was conducted by two independent reviewers using the standardized qualitative data extraction tool from JBI. The qualitative research findings were pooled using JBI methodology. The JBI process of meta-aggregation was used to identify categories and synthesized findings. Results Based on the thematic findings from the 21 studies, three synthesized findings were extracted from 10 categories and 83 findings: 1) the complexity of individual sexual experiences, 2) the clinical constructs of sexuality and 3) family and partner involvement. Conclusions Having fulfilling and satisfying sexual and relationship experiences is a fundamental human right that can enhance an individual's quality of life. Being aware of the potential stresses and challenges that having a SMI can have on a relationship and involving partners in the treatment, may help to promote intimacy and recovery. Practitioners can use these findings to guide future policy, education and developments in practice. Further research is required to develop and evaluate interventions that target the identified barriers and help people with SMI to fulfil their unmet sexuality and intimacy needs. (Edited publisher abstract)