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A holistic approach to black and minority ethnic mental health: the letting through light training pack
- Author:
- FERNS Peter
- Publisher:
- Pavilion
- Publication year:
- 2005
- Pagination:
- 91p.
- Place of publication:
- Brighton
Based on the Letting Through Light training pack, this innovative resource has been developed to enable practitioners to provide better and more appropriate services to Black and minority ethnic (BME) people experiencing mental distress. A holistic approach to Black and minority ethnic mental health includes trainers’ instructions, a series of exercises and photocopiable masters of readings, handouts and OHPs, for five workshops.
Mental disorder among refugees and the impact of persecution and exile: some findings from an out-patient population
- Authors:
- LAVIK Nils Johan, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 169, December 1996, pp.726-732.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Presents the results of a study which aims to describe the type and degree of mental disorder in an out-patient population of refugees living in exile in a culturally different host country. Analyses the relationships between psychiatric symptoms and dysfunction and between socio-demographic background, type of persecution and conditions in exile. The results confirm earlier findings that refugees constitute a population at risk for mental disorder. Past traumatic stressors and current existence in exile constitute independent risk factors. However, stressors other than those discussed appear to be important also, particularly with regard to psychotic symptoms.
The variation of the stress–mental health relationship by ethnicity and gender
- Authors:
- BANCILA Delia, SINGHAMMER John
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, 15(3), 2013, pp.178-192.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Population-based studies have consistently shown a higher frequency of stress and mental health problems (MHPs) among women than among men, and among immigrants than among the ethnic majority. However, little is known about ethnic variation and gender differences among immigrants. This study aimed to explore the variation of the stress–mental health relationship by gender and ethnicity. Logistic regression analyses were conducted on data from 2349 participants including Danes, and Lebanese, Pakistani and Turks – first generation of immigrants in Denmark. The results showed similarities and differences between women and men and between ethnic groups. The risk of developing MHPs was higher among women than among men and the gender difference was significant in all immigrants groups but not in Danes. Although the stress exposure is higher among women and immigrants, gender and ethnic differences in mental health are better explained by cultural dimensions and circumstances in peoples' life. (Publisher abstract)
Refugees, acculturation strategies, stress and integration
- Author:
- PHILLIMORE Jenny
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Social Policy, 40(3), July 2011, pp.575-593.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
- Place of publication:
- Cambridge
The UK has witnessed an increase in immigration from many different countries in recent years, leading to a proliferation in the number of ethnic groups living in the UK. The UK government and the EU have set out integration strategies aimed at encouraging the development of policy that could aid refugee integration. This paper provides an initial analysis of the acculturation experiences of refugees living in the UK. It uses Berry’s framework of acculturation as an analytical tool to look at the different factors that influence acculturation and how these factors impact upon the ability of individual refugees to integrate. Consideration is also given to the extent to which acculturation strategies lead individuals to experience stress and how these stresses may affect the ability to become integrated. The study utilises qualitative data collected from 138 interviews with refugees living in Birmingham as part of the ‘Making a Difference Project’ study. The findings demonstrate how a range of group and individual factors, relating to the refugees’ experiences both in their home and host countries, influences the acculturation strategies adopted by different refugees. It shows that in the current policy environment many refugees lack choice about acculturation strategy, are vulnerable to psychosocial stress and struggle to integrate.
The effect of psychosocial stressors on the mental health status of African American caregivers of the elderly
- Authors:
- KINGSBERRY Sheridan Quarless, SAUNDERS Marlene A., RICHARDSON Agnes
- Journal article citation:
- Families in Society, 91(4), October 2010, pp.408-414.
- Publisher:
- The Alliance for Children and Families
Previous studies focused on African American caregivers of the elderly indicated that they experience less caregiver burden, stress, and strain than caregivers of other ethnic groups. But newer studies point to the stress, strain, burden, and depression among contemporary African American caregivers. The purpose of this article is to present an overview of the literature pertaining to the multiple stressors that affect the mental health of African American caregivers. Particular attention is paid to the psychosocial factors that affect their mental health status and well-being, such as limited economic resources, multiple caregiving roles, and dwindling social support networks. These stressors appear to affect the mental health status and well-being of African American caregivers in negative ways. This article discusses in detail the stressors, and provides recommendations that can help professionals in the aging community provide more culturally sensitive services to this at risk population.
Acculturative stress and depressive symptoms among Korean immigrant elders residing in non-Korean ethnic enclaves
- Author:
- RHEE Stephanie L.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Social Work, 26(4), 2017, pp.347-365.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
This cross-sectional structured survey examined the relationships of personal factors, acculturative stress, and depressive symptoms among Korean immigrant elders (N = 108) residing in areas without any Korean ethnic enclave. Multiple regression and path analyses indicated that personal factors such as levels of acculturation and socioeconomic status might influence acculturative stress and depressive symptoms negatively; however, acculturative stress was the most significant risk factor for depressive symptoms. Culturally relevant programmes and services are important vehicles through which to enhance personal resources and reduce lingual and cultural barriers among Korean immigrant elders residing in non-Korean ethnic enclaves. (Publisher abstract)
Overcoming a legacy of conflict: the repercussive effects of stress and intergenerational transmission of trauma among Vietnamese Americans
- Authors:
- MAFFINI Cara S., PHAM Alfonse N.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Aggression Maltreatment and Trauma, 25(6), 2016, pp.580-597.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
The modern narrative of Vietnamese people is often strongly associated with events of the 20th century, such as the Vietnam War, but a legacy of strife in Southeast Asia spans many centuries. Enduring stress and trauma has pernicious psychological and physiological repercussions that have affected first and later generations of Vietnamese American refugees. To contextualise the present-day narrative, the authors review the history of Vietnam and the contemporary refugee experience in the United States. They then examine more proximal spheres of influence, including community and family. Finally, they review individual experiences of stress and trauma. The authors present recommendations to inform individual, group, family, and community-based counselling interventions, as well as recommendations for future research. (Edited publisher abstract)
A meta-analysis of culturally sensitive interventions designed to reduce high-risk behaviors among African American youth
- Authors:
- JACKSON Kelly F., HODGE David R., VAUGHN Michael G.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Social Service Research, 36(3), May 2010, pp.163-173.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
African American youths are vulnerable to chronic stressors associated with poverty and disenfranchisement, which can lead to numerous health and mental health related problems. These youths are specifically susceptible to HIV infection, obesity, incarceration, and abuse and neglect leading to foster care placement. This study sought to determine the effectiveness of culturally sensitive interventions in reducing this high-risk behaviour with African American youths. A meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effectiveness of culturally sensitive interventions across 7 previous studies. Findings indicate that youths who participated in culturally sensitive interventions were less likely to engage in these high-risk behaviours than those who did not participate, although the effect size was moderate. The authors suggest that, although the findings should be considered tentative, the results provide an initial quantitative assessment of culturally sensitive intervention effectiveness.
Religiosity and the expansion of caregiver stress
- Authors:
- LEBLENC A. J., DRISCOLL A. K., PEARLIN L. I.
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 8(5), September 2004, pp.410-421.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
The authors present a stress process framework as a model for understanding how religiosity may influence the expansion of stress. Survey data from informal caregivers to a spouse with Alzheimer'sdisease or a related dementia (n = 200) were analyzed to observe the relationships among three variables: (1) care-related stress, (2) religiosity, and (3) depression. This sample, which has a mean age of 73 years, demonstrates high rates of self-described religiosity, church attendance and frequency of prayer. Using these criteria, women and racial/ethnic minority caregivers are the most religious. In a series of multivariate analyses, we found strong evidence to suggest that there is an expansion of care-related stressors leading to depression in this sample. Religiosity, as measured here, appears to be largely unrelated to stress and stress expansion. The authors found no evidence to suggest that it moderates stress expansion. However, these data do suggest that one stressor--feelings of role overload--is correlated with greater levels of self-perceived religiosity, which among caregivers who have health problems of their own is associated with greater depressive symptomatology. Thus, for a sub-sample of these caregivers, the authors find weak evidence of a mediation effect wherein one subjective, non-organizational dimension of religiosity is a conduit of the harmful effects of stress (rather than a suppressor). Results and data limitations are discussed in relation to better assessing the role of religiosity and spirituality in the experience of the stress process.
The association of psychosocial factors and depression with hypertension among older adults
- Authors:
- BOSWORTH Hayden B., et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 18(12), December 2003, pp.1142-1148.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This article seeks to examine the relationship between depression and hypertension in an elderly population and how psychosocial variables influence this relationship. The study included 293 subjects, who met DSM-IV criteria for unipolar depression, and 151 subjects with no psychiatric disorder. All subjects were over the age of 58. Participants were administered the Duke Depression Evaluation Schedule at baseline and at yearly intervals for 3 years. Cross-sectional analyses of baseline data showed that hypertensive patients were more likely to be depressed and of non-white race. Bivariate analyses provided evidence that hypertension was associated with higher amounts of total stressors and lower social support. No differences in the prevalence of hypertension were found between men and women. In addition, there was no evidence of change in hypertension status over time. Patients, especially minorities, who experience depression, stress, or a lack of social support, are at an increased likelihood of having hypertension and clinicians should consider this risk when treating this population.