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Public knowledge, attitudes and behaviour regarding people with mental illness in England 2009-2012
- Authors:
- EVANS-LACKO Sara, HENDERSON Claire, THORNICROFT Graham
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 202(s55), April 2013, pp.s51-s57.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Public stigma against people with mental health problems is damaging to individuals with mental illness and is associated with substantial societal burden. This study investigates whether public knowledge, attitudes and behaviour in relation to people with mental health problems have improved among the English population since the inception of the Time To Change programme in 2009. Longitudinal trends in public knowledge, attitudes and behaviour between 2009 and 2012 among a nationally representative sample of English adults were examined. Results found improvements in intended behaviour and a non-significant trend for improvement in attitudes among the English population. There was, however, no significant improvement in knowledge or reported behaviour. The findings provide support for effectiveness of the national Time to Change programme against stigma and discrimination in improving attitudes and intended behaviour, but not knowledge, among the public in England. (Edited publisher abstract)
Stigma and mental illness: a review and critique
- Authors:
- HAYWARD Peter, BRIGHT Jenifer A.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Mental Health, 6(4), August 1997, pp.345-354.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- London
Reviews research on the extent and nature of psychiatric stigma, with the goal of offering insights useful to the practising clinician. Many findings support the view that a label of psychiatric illness is stigmatising, but the effects of this stigma in practice seem to be complex. A number of factors, including age, sex and experience of psychiatric patients seem to affect levels of stigma, and self-stigmatisation also seem to be variable in its effects. Discusses possible causes of stigma and approaches to combating it.
Stigma, expressed emotion, and quality of life in caregivers of individuals with dementia
- Authors:
- WEISMAN de MAMANI Amy G., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Family Process, 57(3), 2018, pp.694-706.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Expressed emotion (EE) is a measure of a caregiver's critical and emotionally overinvolved (EOI; e.g., intrusive, self‐sacrificing) attitudes and behaviours toward a person with a mental illness. Mounting evidence indicates that high levels of these critical and EOI attitudes and behaviours (collectively termed high EE) in family members are associated with a poorer course of illness for people with a range of disorders, including dementia (Nomura et al., 2005). However, less is known about factors that might trigger high EE and how high EE might impact dementia caregivers’ own mental health. In this study the authors propose that caregivers who perceive stigma from their relative's illness may be more likely to be critical or intrusive (high EOI) toward their relative in an attempt to control symptomatic behaviours. The authors further hypothesized that high EE would partially mediate the link between stigma and quality of life (QoL) as there is some evidence that high EE is associated with poorer mental health in caregivers themselves (Safavi et al., 2015). In line with study hypotheses and using a sample of 106 dementia caregivers, the authors found that greater caregiver stigma was associated with both high EE (for criticism and EOI) and with poorer QoL. Mediational analyses further confirmed that high EE accounts for much of the association between stigma and poorer QoL. Study results suggest that addressing caregiver stigma in therapy could reduce levels of high EE and indirectly therefore improve caregiver QoL. Intervening directly to reduce high EE could also improve caregiver QoL. (Edited publisher abstract)