British Medical Journal, 15.10.94, 1994, pp.970-971.
Publisher:
British Medical Association
Argues that without more information the debate about how many psychiatric beds are needed will be guided more by moral and political than by clinical or research considerations.
Argues that without more information the debate about how many psychiatric beds are needed will be guided more by moral and political than by clinical or research considerations.
Subject terms:
hospitals, mental health, mental health problems, mental health services, needs, severe mental health problems, social care provision, assessment, community care;
British Journal of Psychiatry, 182(4), April 2003, pp.289-290.
Publisher:
Cambridge University Press
This article argues that it is possible to derive two quite different meanings for social exclusion, with different evidential bases, and with different implications for social and clinical action. The first concept of social exclusion, Demos, has implications for citizens' rights; the other, Ethnos, has more-significant implications for the practising clinician. Demos refers to the range of access rights which are offered by citizenship of a given nation state. By contrast, Ethnos refers to a shared cultural community rather than a national community, and to the shared values, identification and sense of cohesion that are engendered by membership of particular social groups and communities. Interventions designed to have an impact upon social inclusion through Demos channels would include enhancing structures that promise and deliver greater access to services. Actions by psychiatrists to achieve service improvement through Ethnos-related measures would, for example, relate to greater emphasis within the psychiatric training curriculum on understanding the interrelationships between ethnic minority culture and the experience of mental illness. There is in turn an interplay between these two domains: Ethnos-related measures are unlikely to be effective without concurrent Demos-related changes.
This article argues that it is possible to derive two quite different meanings for social exclusion, with different evidential bases, and with different implications for social and clinical action. The first concept of social exclusion, Demos, has implications for citizens' rights; the other, Ethnos, has more-significant implications for the practising clinician. Demos refers to the range of access rights which are offered by citizenship of a given nation state. By contrast, Ethnos refers to a shared cultural community rather than a national community, and to the shared values, identification and sense of cohesion that are engendered by membership of particular social groups and communities. Interventions designed to have an impact upon social inclusion through Demos channels would include enhancing structures that promise and deliver greater access to services. Actions by psychiatrists to achieve service improvement through Ethnos-related measures would, for example, relate to greater emphasis within the psychiatric training curriculum on understanding the interrelationships between ethnic minority culture and the experience of mental illness. There is in turn an interplay between these two domains: Ethnos-related measures are unlikely to be effective without concurrent Demos-related changes.
Subject terms:
mental health problems, models, multicultural approach, multicultural society, psychiatry, social exclusion, social care provision, welfare state, black and minority ethnic people, communities, citizenship, cultural identity, ethnicity;
British Journal of Psychiatry, 173, August 1998, pp.105-109.
Publisher:
Cambridge University Press
Aims to summarise the relevant research on rate of psychiatric morbidity within the general population, and define specific populations at high risk of mental disorder. The theories put forward to account for these inequalities are considered, noting the limitations of the data they are based on and highlighting their implications for the data required to facilitate further research. Inequalities in access, provision and appropriateness of services are also discussed. Makes policy recommendations for reducing these inequalities at national, regional and district levels.
Aims to summarise the relevant research on rate of psychiatric morbidity within the general population, and define specific populations at high risk of mental disorder. The theories put forward to account for these inequalities are considered, noting the limitations of the data they are based on and highlighting their implications for the data required to facilitate further research. Inequalities in access, provision and appropriateness of services are also discussed. Makes policy recommendations for reducing these inequalities at national, regional and district levels.
Subject terms:
mental health, mental health problems, poverty, resource allocation, risk, social care provision, socioeconomic groups, vulnerable adults, black and minority ethnic people, discrimination, gender;