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Male suicide: policy briefing
- Authors:
- NESOM Suzanna, BRISTOW Dan
- Publisher:
- Wales Centre for Public Policy
- Publication year:
- 2020
- Pagination:
- 5
- Place of publication:
- Cardiff
This note provides an overview of male suicide rates and some of the causes, at both the UK and Wales level. Since 2016, the National Statistics definition of suicide for the UK includes all deaths from intentional self-harm for persons aged ten years and over, and deaths where the intent was undetermined for those aged 15 years and over. Deaths from an event of undetermined intent in ten to 14 year olds are not included, as it is not always clear whether the assumption that the harm was self-inflicted is appropriate. Data on the rates of suicide across the UK suggest that there is a gendered dimension to suicide. Male suicides accounted for around three quarters of the total in England and Wales in 2019. Of the 5,691 suicides registered in England and Wales in 2019, males accounted for three quarters of these (4303). This equates to a male suicide death rate of 16.9 per 100,000, compared with 5.3 deaths per 100,000 for the female suicide death rate in 2019. This represents an increase from the 2018 rate of 16.2 per 100,000 and is significantly higher than rates seen between 2014 and 2017. (Edited publisher abstract)
We don't do suicide watch
- Author:
- JAMES Adam
- Journal article citation:
- Openmind, 129, September 2004, p.24.
- Publisher:
- MIND
Profiles the Acorn programme, a ward for 12 self-harming clients at the Retreat, the therapeutic community near York. Staff aim to create 'treatment alliances', facilitating clients to take responsibility for their behaviour. There is no suicide watch, clients are expected to dress their own self-harm wounds, and if they storm out threatening to injure themselves nurses will not rush in pursuit. They are encouraged to take collective responsibility for each other, and emergency community meetings decide what to do if a client is judged to be at risk from self-harm.
Suicide among young people in Scotland: a report from the Scottish Suicide Information Database
- Author:
- Public Health Scotland
- Publisher:
- Public Health Scotland
- Publication year:
- 2022
- Pagination:
- 65
- Place of publication:
- Edinburgh
This report presents data on deaths from probable suicide among persons aged 5-24 years, registered with the National Records of Scotland (NRS) during the calendar years 2011 to 2020. The data reveals that a quarter (25.7%) of all deaths among 5-24-year-olds were probable suicides. This compares to 1.2% of all deaths among those aged 25 and over. The average suicide rate among 5-24-year-olds was 6.6 deaths per 100,000 people over the period 2011 to 2020. This was significantly lower than the average suicide rate of 17.5 deaths per 100,000 people among those aged 25 and over. There is a significantly increasing linear trend in suicides in 5-24-year-olds as a proportion of all suicides across the period 2011 to 2020. The suicide rate among 5-24-year-olds decreased in the first half of the 10- year period from 8.1 per 100,000 people in 2011 to a low of 4.4 per 100,000 people in 2015, before increasing to a high of 9.2 per 100,000 people in 2019. The suicide rate in the 25+ age group followed a similar pattern. Hanging, strangulation and suffocation was the most commonly used method overall, and among males in both age groups and women aged 15-24 years. The use of this method was significantly more prevalent among 5-24-year-olds (63.9% of deaths) than among people aged 25 and over (45.9% of deaths). In contrast, deaths from self-poisoning were significantly less prevalent (18.2% and 31.0%, respectively). 5-24-year-olds were significantly less likely to have had contact with a healthcare service in the period before death than people aged 25 and over. Overall, 65.6% of 5-24-year-olds had contact compared to 79.8% of those aged 25+. Across the 5-24 age group, suicide was the leading cause of death, accounting for a greater proportion of lives lost (25.7%) than accidental poisonings (14.1%) and land transport accidents (10.1%). Suicide was also the leading cause of death in the 10-14, 15-19 and 20-24 age groups, considered separately. (Edited publisher abstract)
Suicide prevention: policy and practice
- Authors:
- BALOGUN Bukky, GARRATT Katherine
- Publisher:
- Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons Library
- Publication year:
- 2022
- Pagination:
- 96
- Place of publication:
- London
This briefing paper considers suicide prevention policies and strategies throughout the UK. It outlines national and local approaches to prevention policy in some key policy areas.. The data shows in 2020 there were 5,224 deaths registered in England and Wales where the cause was identified as suicide. This equates to 10.0 deaths per 100,000 population, which was a lower rate than 2019 but similar to previous years. However, it is lower than rates recorded in the 1980s and 1990s. The paper covers the following policy areas: health services – including details of suicide prevention measures and mental health support in the NHS Long Term Plan (January 2019) and other NHS England reports and covering local suicide prevention plans and NHS support for high risk groups; education – this section covers suicide prevention measures taken by educational institutions, including schools and the mental health services they provide, as well as further and higher education institutions which have a legal duty under the Equality Act 2010 to support their students, including those with mental illness conditions; employment – this section outlines policies designed to keep people who suffer from mental health problems in work, including implementation of a Government strategy for support for people with health conditions in the workplace called ‘Improving Lives’, as well as a consultation on proposals to reduce ill health-related job loss; social security – this section outlines support for benefit claimants with mental health problems, training and guidance for DWP staff, the risks in Employment Support Allowance (ESA) and Personal Independent Payment (PIP) assessments, and concerns about the impact of conditionality and sanctions on people with mental health conditions; transport – this section details suicide prevention measures for railways and roads undertaken by the British Transport Police (BTP) and the Department of Transport, as well as suicide prevention strategies developed by Samaritans, BTP, Network Rail, Highways England, and other parts of the transport sector. (Edited publisher abstract)
Talk to me 2: suicide and self harm prevention strategy and action plan for Wales: consultation document
- Author:
- WALES. Welsh Government
- Publisher:
- Welsh Government
- Publication year:
- 2014
- Pagination:
- 4
- Place of publication:
- Cardiff
A consultation document, seeking views on the national action plan to reduce suicide and self-harm in Wales. The plan sets out the strategic aims and objectives for the period 2014- 2019. It identifies priority people, places and actions and sets out how to deliver action nationally and locally. The consultation period ends on 5 March 2015. (Edited publisher abstract)
Debt and mental health: what do we know? what should we do?
- Authors:
- FITCH Chris, et al
- Publisher:
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Publication year:
- 2009
- Pagination:
- 25p.
- Place of publication:
- London
Recently, the relationship between the economic downturn and mental health has become the subject of debate. This literature review published by the Royal College of Psychiatry, The Money Advice Trust, the Finance and Leasing Association and Rethink shows that while there is no conclusive evidence that there is a link between debt and mental illness, the authors are of the opinion that people with debt are more likely to have a mental health disorder. This report found that people with mental health problems often do not seek help with their financial problems, and people with debts routinely hide the fact that they have a mental health problem from their creditors because of embarrassment or because they think that they will not be believed. These findings, made on the basis of a review of 54 papers, from 52 separate studies, on the subject, found evidence of a link between debt and mental health problems, including anxiety and depression. This report states that worry or concern about debt can have an equal or larger impact on mental health rather than the actual amount of money owed, and that there may be a relationship between indebtedness and self harm/suicide.
Mental ill-health at age 17 in the UK: prevalence of and inequalities in psychological distress, self-harm and attempted suicide
- Authors:
- PATALAY P., FITZSIMONS E.
- Publisher:
- University College London. Centre for Longitudinal Studies
- Publication year:
- 2020
- Pagination:
- 12
- Place of publication:
- London
This report focuses on mental ill-health at age 17, using data collected from participants in the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) in 2018-19. It presents prevalence of psychological distress, self-harm and attempted suicide. It describes important mental health inequalities across the following key socio-demographic characteristics: sex, ethnicity, sexuality and socioeconomic position. Combined with data collected from a subset of participants during the COVID-19 national lockdown in May 2020, when they were aged 19, the report also presents evidence on changes in psychological distress from ages 17 to 19. The findings show: high levels of severe mental health difficulties – the prevalence of high psychological distress is 16.1%, 12-month prevalence of self-harm is 24.1 and lifetime attempted suicide is 7.4%; stark sex differences – prevalences of mental health difficulties are consistently higher among females than males; large inequalities – females, White adolescents, sexual minorities and those from lower income households have poorer mental health across most outcomes; increased risk among sexual minority adolescents – there are stark inequalities by sexuality, with over half (55.8%) of LGB+ young people reporting self-harming in the last year and 21.7% of LGB+ young people having attempted suicide. (Edited publisher abstract)
Dying from inequality: socioeconomic disadvantage and suicidal behaviour. Summary report, 2017
- Author:
- SAMARITANS
- Publisher:
- Samaritans
- Publication year:
- 2017
- Pagination:
- 27
- Place of publication:
- Ewell
This report explores the links between socioeconomic disadvantage and suicidal behaviour, setting out how low income and unmanageable debt, unemployment, poor housing, and other socioeconomic factors contribute to high suicide rates in the most disadvantaged communities. The report finds that suicide risk increases during periods of economic recession while countries with higher levels of per capita spending on active labour market programmes, and which have more generous unemployment benefits, experience lower recession-related rises in suicides. There is a strong association between area-level deprivation and suicidal behaviour: suicide rates are two to three times higher in the most deprived neighbourhoods compared to the most affluent. The risk of suicidal behaviour increases when an individual faces negative life events, such as adversity, relationship breakdown, social isolation, or experiences stigma, emotional distress or poor mental health. Socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals are more likely to experience ongoing stress and negative life events, thus increasing their risk of suicidal behaviour. In the UK, socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals are less likely to seek help for mental health problems than the more affluent, and are less likely to be referred to specialist mental health services following self-harm by GPs located in deprived areas. The report makes a number of recommendations for action, and calls on government, businesses, industry and sector leaders to work together so that fewer people die by suicide. (Edited publisher abstract)
Mental health in Northern Ireland: overview, strategies, policies, care pathways, CAMHS and barriers to accessing services
- Authors:
- BETTS Jennifer, THOMPSON Janice
- Publisher:
- Northern Ireland Assembly. Research and Information Service
- Publication year:
- 2017
- Pagination:
- 54
- Place of publication:
- Belfast
This paper provides an overview of mental health and illness in Northern Ireland, including the issues of self-harm and suicide. It highlights the relevant overarching strategies and policies and those specific to mental health, mental illness and suicide for Northern Ireland; describes the care pathway for treating mental health problems, including an overview of the stepped care model and recovery model; looks at provision of child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS); and discusses evaluations of mental health service provision in NI in terms of accessing services and barriers to access. It also highlights relevant initiatives in England, Wales, Scotland and the Republic of Ireland relating to accessing mental health services. (Edited publisher abstract)
Suicide prevention: interim report: fourth report of session 2016-17. Report, together with formal minutes relating to the report
- Author:
- GREAT BRITAIN. Parliament. House of Commons. Health Committee
- Publisher:
- Great Britain. House of Commons
- Publication year:
- 2016
- Pagination:
- 26
- Place of publication:
- London
Interim findings of an inquiry into suicide prevention, drawing on over 150 submissions and oral evidence from a range of organisations and individuals, including those bereaved by suicide or with lived experience of suicidal ideation. The report argues that the scale of the avoidable loss of life from suicide is unacceptable, with 4820 people recorded as having died by suicide in England in 2015 but with the true figure likely to be higher. The report outlines five key areas for consideration by the Government before the refreshed suicide prevention strategy is finalised: implementation—a clear implementation programme underpinned by external scrutiny is required; services to support people who are vulnerable to suicide—this includes wider support for public mental health and wellbeing alongside the identification of and targeted support for at risk groups, early intervention services, access to help in non-clinical settings, and improvements in both primary and secondary care, and services for those bereaved by suicide; consensus statement on sharing information with families—professionals need better training to ensure that opportunities to involve families or friends in a patient’s recovery are maximised, where appropriate; data—timely and consistent data is needed to enable swift responses to suspected suicides and to identify possible clusters, in order to prevent further suicides and to identify possible clusters, in order to prevent further suicides; and media—media guidelines relating to the reporting of suicide are being widely ignored and greater attention must be paid to dealing with breaches by the media, at national and local level. Consideration should also be given to what changes should be made to restrict access to potentially harmful internet sites and content. (Edited publisher abstract)