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Loss, humiliation and entrapment as appraisals of schizophrenic illness: a prospective study of depressed and non-depressed patients
- Authors:
- ROOKE Oliver, BIRCHWOOD Max
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 37(3), September 1998, pp.259-268.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Life-events that precede the onset of unipolar depression usually involve an appraisal of loss; recent research has shown that where these events are also appraised as humiliating or involving entrapment and defeat (the absence of a way forward or failure to reaffirm an identity) they are especially potent in triggering depression. Depression in schizophrenia has not been studied from the cognitive or psychosocial perspectives. In a previous study we showed that patient's perceived loss of control and entrapment by psychotic illness (e.g. by recurring relapse) was strongly linked to depression. In this study the authors follow up the original sample of 49 patients two and half years later to examine the hypotheses using more powerful prospective methodology.
Schizophrenia
- Authors:
- BIRCHWOOD Max, JACKSON Chris
- Publisher:
- Psychology Press
- Publication year:
- 2001
- Pagination:
- 168p.,bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- Hove
Schizophrenia continues to be the most debilitating of the psychotic disorders with less than one third returning to a `normal' level of functioning. The understanding of this disorder has advanced considerably over the last 10 years with major contributions from neurobiology but particularly from an understanding of the way in which psychosocial and psychological factors interact with underlying vulnerabilities to influence both the content and timing of psychotic symptoms and the personal and social difficulty they create. This book brings together this disparate and complex literature. The section on treatment brings to the reader a clear account of psychological, social and drug treatments interspersed with clinical accounts.
Pathways to emotional dysfunction in first-episode psychosis
- Author:
- BIRCHWOOD Max
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 182(5), May 2003, pp.373-375.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Emotional dysfunction is pervasive even in non-affective psychosis. Sometimes (and unhelpfully) referred to as 'comorbidity', these disorders include depression, usually accompanied by hopelessness and suicidal thinking; social anxiety, usually accompanied by social avoidance and problems in forming relationships; and traumatic symptoms (post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD). There is also the distress (fear, anger, shame) attached to the experience of psychotic symptoms.