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Assessing cognitive representations of mental health problems. II. The illness perception questionnaire for schizophrenia: relatives' version
- Authors:
- LOBBAN Fiona, BARROWCLOUGH Christine, JONES Steven
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 44(2), June 2005, pp.163-179.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The ways in which relatives respond to patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia has been shown to impact on outcome. Understanding variation in relatives' responses is essential if successful interventions are to be developed. This study builds on previous research exploring attributions that relatives make about symptoms. The development of a new measure to assess beliefs that relatives have about schizophrenia is reported; The Illness Perception Questionnaire for Schizophrenia – Relatives version (IPQS–Relatives). Sixty-two relatives completed the IPQS–Relatives, along with measures of general psychopathology, burden, appraisal of coping, and expressed emotion. The psychometric properties of the IPQS–Relatives were analysed, including internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and discriminant and concurrent validity. IPQS–Relatives subscales were shown to be internally consistent and stable over time. Correlations with measures of general psychopathology, distress, burden, coping, and criticism indicate that the subscales have good concurrent validity. The study concludes the IPQS–Relatives can be used to assess relatives' beliefs about schizophrenia. This measure may aid family interventions that target beliefs associated with negative outcome for patients and their relatives.
Caregiving in schizophrenia: development, internal consistency and reliability of the involvement evaluation questionnaire - European version; EPSILON study 4
- Authors:
- WIJNGAARDEN Bob van, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 177(supplement 39), July 2000, pp.21-27.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
In International research on the consequences of psychiatric illnesses for relatives of patients, the need for an internationally standardised measure has been identified. This research aimed to test the internal consistency and the test-retest reliability of the involvement evaluation questionnaire (IEQ) in five European countries. The reliability of the IEQ in five languages varies across sites, but is sufficiently high in at least four out of five.
The family and schizophrenia : toward a psychoeducational approach
- Authors:
- SIMON Cassandra E., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Families in Society, 72(6), 1991, pp.323-334.
- Publisher:
- The Alliance for Children and Families
Families of schizophrenics traditionally have been viewed as causative agents in the development of the mental disorder. This article traces the prevailing conceptions of families with schizophrenic members and the various roles families have been perceived to play, both in terms of aetiology and treatment.
Mental health of carers
- Authors:
- SINGLETON Nicola, et al
- Publisher:
- Stationery Office/Great Britain. Office for National Statistics
- Publication year:
- 2002
- Pagination:
- 103p.
- Place of publication:
- Norwich
This report describes the extent to which carers experience mental health problems, such as depression, anxiety and phobias, and identifies a number of factors which are associated with increased levels of such symptoms. It considers a range of factors, such as the socio-demographic characteristics of the carer themselves, their health, the characteristics of those they care for, and the support they receive in their caring role. The report also considers to what extent those carers with mental health problems receive treatment. The report includes a description of the survey methods used and aims to provide an overview of the main topics covered.
Stress factors and mental health of carers with relatives suffering from schizophrenia in Hong Kong: implications for culturally sensitive practices
- Author:
- WONG Daniel F.K.
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Social Work, 30(3), June 2000, pp.365-382.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
This study examines the difficulties and stresses experienced by carers with relatives suffering from schizophrenia in Hong Kong. The impact of these difficulties and stresses and of mastery as a coping resource on carers' mental health was also explored. Results show that carers experience most difficulties and stresses related to the management of negative symptoms such as refusal to perform household duties and neglect of personal hygiene, and less to handling positive symptoms such as bizarre behaviours and thoughts. It is also revealed that perceptions of stress associated with difficulties in the care of relatives with schizophrenia accounts for poorer mental health among carers. Lastly, carers with a strong sense of mastery have better mental health. Cultural issues such as 'family shame and face saving', 'family obligations and reciprocal expectations', 'external orientation to personal control' and the 'the Confucian work ethics' are put forward as explanations for these findings. Suggestions on culturally sensitive practices are made.
Mental health matters: a multi-family framework for mental health intervention
- Authors:
- BISHOP Peter, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Family Therapy, 24(1), February 2002, pp.31-45.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Reports on a collaborative project, developed jointly by a group of community mental health workers in association with a specialist team commissioned to initiate family work throughout a central London mental health provider. The results of this paper - 'The Mental Health Matters Workshops' - was a series of day workshops for patients who had experienced a major mental illness, and their families, carers and mental health workers. The positive impact of the workshop on attenders is reported, as well as the development of a 'multi-family' and social network culture.
Experience of caregiving: relatives of people experiencing a first episode of psychosis
- Authors:
- TENNAKOON Lakshika, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 177, December 2000, pp.529-533.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
There has been relatively little research on caregivers of people experiencing their first episode of psychosis. This study investigates dimensions of caregiving and morbidity in caregivers of people with first-episode psychosis. Caregivers of 40 people with first-episode psychosis were interviewed at home about their experience of caregiving, coping strategies and distress. Findings showed that at first-episode psychosis, caregivers are already having to cope with a wide range of problems and are developing coping strategies. Caregivers worried most about difficult behaviours and negative symptoms in participants.
Barriers to an alliance between family and professional caregivers in chronic schizophrenia
- Authors:
- WINEFIELD Helen R., BURNETT Peter L.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Mental Health, 5(3), July 1996, pp.223-232.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- London
Informal caregiving by relatives is an important component of the daily environment for many sufferers from chronic mental illness. This paper considers some possible reasons for the uncomfortable relations which often seem to occur between the family and the professional caregivers. Some of the barriers to an effective therapeutic alliance may be system-wide inadequacies in resources for an area of health care which is still somewhat stigmatised. However, other barriers seem to be attitudinal in nature. Proposes several ways in which the mental health professionals and family caregivers may work together more constructively as co-therapists.