Search results for ‘Subject term:"mental health problems"’ Sort:
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Social skills and social and nonsocial cognitive functioning in schizophrenia
- Author:
- IKEBUCHI Emi
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Mental Health, 16(5), October 2007, pp.581-594.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- London
Persons with schizophrenia show deficits across a broad range of social domains, and their social skill deficits are thought, to some extent, to be caused by cognitive dysfunction. The author conducted a review and concluded that both nonsocial and social cognition were strongly related to social skills in schizophrenia. However the relationship between social and nonsocial cognition and the pathways to social skills remain unclear. In this study, the author attempted to investigate how nonsocial and social cognitive functioning and psychiatric symptoms determine social skills in persons with schizophrenia. Sixty-four subjects who met the ICD-10 criteria for schizophrenia were evaluated with a semi-structured role-play test, BPRS, and a psychological test battery for attention, verbal fluency, and executive functioning. The ability to recognize the goal of the situation was partly determined by attention and social cognition independently. The processing of problem-solving and planning alternative behaviours was partly determined by the ability to recognize the goal, disorganization symptoms, and verbal fluency. The ability to send one's intention and emotion to others effectively was partly determined by processing skill, negative and disorganization symptoms, executive functioning, and verbal fluency. The structural equations model results revealed that the proposed model fitted the sample data well. The model proposed demonstrated that the cognitive chain constructs mediated the relationship between social input and behavioural output, and both social and non-social cognitive functioning directly influenced some step of the cognitive chain constructs.
Reliability and validity of a performance-based measure of skills for communicating with doctors for older people with serious mental illness
- Authors:
- PRATT Sarah I., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Mental Health, 16(5), October 2007, pp.569-579.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- London
Older people with serious mental illnesses (SMI) have high rates of medical comorbidity and impaired social skills, including basic communication skills that are imperative for medical encounters. The aim was to examine two role-plays developed to evaluate communication in a health care visit. A total of 152 people over age 50 with SMI were rated on two standardized medical visit role-plays. This assessment had excellent inter-rater reliability and test-retest reliability. Performance was not related to gender or age, although participants with a mood disorder had better social skill performance than those with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Performance was strongly related to the Social Skills Performance Assessment (SSPA), designed to assess basic communication skills in older people with SMI. Performance was also correlated with self-care skills, social functioning, number of medical visits within the past six months, and informant rating of the effect of physical condition on functioning. This assessment demonstrates acceptable psychometric properties, including reliability and convergent validity, and may be a useful tool to assess basic communication skills for discussing health care concerns.
Dissemination and adoption of social skills training: social validation of an evidence-based treatment for the mentally disabled
- Author:
- LIBERMAN Robert Paul
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Mental Health, 16(5), October 2007, pp.595-623.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- London
The UCLA modules for training social and independent living skills (SILS) were developed to teach persons with severe mental illness skills for disease management, affiliative relationships, and instrumental role functioning. Eight modules have been produced and evaluated in controlled studies. The aim was to review the adoption of the modules by practitioners, and identify procedures for dissemination. Practitioner and program experiences with the modules were inventoried to identify factors associated with adoption and utility. Secondary dissemination was evaluated in agencies that disseminated the modules beyond their own patients by training other professionals. Determination was made of cultural adaptation of modules for use in various countries. The SILS modules have been widely implemented throughout the US, translated into 23 languages, and implemented in more than 30 countries. International studies document their cross-cultural efficacy, effectiveness, and utility. Factors associated with successful adoption included the modules' user-friendliness, preparation and interpersonal strategies with the adopting agencies, and follow-up consultation. International adoption and empirical evaluation of the SILS modules have established their external, social, and professional validity. Widespread utilization of the modules was facilitated by their utility in meeting the functional needs of patients participating in a range of existing clinical programs.
Psychotic symptoms and violence toward others : a literature review of some preliminary findings; part two, hallucinations
- Author:
- BJORKLY Stal
- Journal article citation:
- Aggression and Violent Behavior, 7(6), November 2002, pp.605-615.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
According to the clinical impressions of a number of authors and mental health professionals, an increased risk of violence is associated with the presence of hallucinations and in particular command hallucinations. In contrast to this, some empirical studies have reported that there is no evidence of such a relationship. The present review examines the role of hallucinations in violence toward others. Possible empirical evidence for a violence-escalating interaction between delusions and hallucinations is also analyzed. Among the main findings were: There appears to be no evidence that auditory command hallucinations are dangerous per se. However, there is some evidence that voices ordering acts of violence toward others may increase compliance and thereby be conducive to violent behavior. Finally, the evidence for or against the existence of a possible violence-escalating interaction between delusions and hallucinations is inconclusive.
Psychotic symptoms and violence toward others : a literature review of some preliminary findings; part one, delusions
- Author:
- BJORKLY Stal
- Journal article citation:
- Aggression and Violent Behavior, 7(6), November 2002, pp.616-631.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
The main scope of this article is to delineate some findings from a review of the literature concerning the possible impact of delusions on violence toward others by psychiatric patients. According to this review, studies on a possible association between delusions and increased risk of violence are scarce, but steadily growing, and have shown some interesting results. However, since delusions are also common in nonviolent psychiatric patients, there is emerging evidence that our attention should be directed to specific hallmarks of delusions that indicate an increased risk of violence.
Psychiatric medications: a guide for mental health professionals
- Author:
- BENDER Kenneth J
- Publisher:
- Sage
- Publication year:
- 1990
- Pagination:
- 142p.,tables,bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- Newbury Park, CA
Practical information on which mental health problems are affected by the use of medication, which drugs to use and when, how the medication works, common dosages, and side effects. Looks at drug use for relieving depression, anxiety disorders, managing schizophrenia and obsessive compulsive disorders. Includes a section on using medication to help cure drug addiction and alcoholism.
How mental illness loses out in the NHS
- Author:
- LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS. Centre for Economic Performance. Mental Health Policy Group
- Publisher:
- London School of Economics, Centre for Economic Performance
- Publication year:
- 2012
- Pagination:
- 34p.
- Place of publication:
- London
This report, written by a team of economists, psychologists, doctors and NHS managers, looks at the scale of mental illness in Britain and the priority the NHS gives to treating these conditions. It is stated that only a quarter of all those people with mental illness are in treatment, compared with the vast majority of those with physical conditions. Within the term 'mental illness' the report includes in its coverage clinical depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and children conduct disorder. The report covers: the scale and severity of mental illness; the costs of mental illness to the NHS; the wider costs of mental illness to the government and to society; what treatments exist, such as psychological therapies and how successful and cost-effective they are; the extent to which treatments are available in the NHS, and the policy implications of our conclusions. The report makes six key recommendations. These include need to complete the national roll-out of Improved Access to Psychological Therapy by 2014, reflect IATP outcomes in the NHS Outcomes Framework, and the training of GPs in IAPT or CAMHS services.
Clinical evidence: mental health; the international source of the best available evidence for effective mental health care
- Editor:
- GODLEE Fiona
- Publisher:
- BMJ Publishing,|Gaskell
- Publication year:
- 2004
- Pagination:
- 264p.bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- London
This book is designed to make the best available evidence easily accessible to mental health practitioners, general practitioners and students. The content is maintains standards of rigorous quality control and ease of access to relevant evidence. For each of the following conditions the literature has been thoroughly searched, appraised and condensed into concise but comprehensive summaries: Alzheimer's disease, Anorexia nervosa, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children, Bulimia nervosa, Chronic fatigue syndrome, Depression in children and adolescents, Depressive disorders, Generalised anxiety disorder, Obsessive compulsive disorder, Panic disorder, Post-traumatic stress disorder, and Schizophrenia.
Factors associated with antipsychotic drug use in residential care: changes between 1990 and 1997
- Authors:
- LINDESAY James, MATTHEWS Ruth, JAGGER Carol
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 18(6), June 2003, pp.511-519.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
There is limited information from population-based studies about the rates of antipsychotic drug use in residential and nursing homes in the UK, and associated adverse effects. Two censuses of the residential and nursing home population aged 65 years and older in Leicestershire, carried out in 1990 and 1997. A questionnaire was completed by care staff for each resident, including information on demographic details, physical functioning, cognitive impairment, behaviour disturbance, urinary incontinence, falls, mobility, daytime alertness (1997 only), and prescribed medication. The prevalence of staff-rated moderate or severe cognitive impairment increased from 38.0% in 1990 to 44.3% in 1997. The prevalence of staff-rated disturbed behaviour decreased from 11.8% in 1990 to 10.4% in 1997. Cognitive impairment was strongly associated with disturbed behaviour in both years. The prescription rate of antipsychotic drugs increased from 17.8% in 1990 to 21.9% in 1997. There was no significant change in the prescription rates to cognitively impaired residents between 1990 and 1997 (29.1% vs 30.7%). In residents without cognitive impairment, the prescription rate rose from 10.7% to 15.0%. Antipsychotic drug use was independently associated with: younger age, type of home (1990 only), cognitive impairment, offensive behaviour, lower ADL dependency (1990 only), antidepressant drug use, reported urinary incontinence and greater mobility. There was no association with increased liability to falls or drowsiness. In the cognitively unimpaired residents, antipsychotic drug use was not associated with urinary incontinence in 1997, and there was an association with increased drowsiness in that year. The only significant change in antipsychotic drug prescribing practice in this population over the period covered by this study was an increase in the prescription rate in cognitively unimpaired residents in 1997, possibly related to mental hospital closures. Urinary incontinence was the principal adverse effect of antipsychotic drug use observed in the group as a whole. Changes in the adverse effects associated with antipsychotic drug use may be a function of the increasing frailty
Experience of caregiving: relatives of people experiencing a first episode of psychosis
- Authors:
- TENNAKOON Lakshika, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 177, December 2000, pp.529-533.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
There has been relatively little research on caregivers of people experiencing their first episode of psychosis. This study investigates dimensions of caregiving and morbidity in caregivers of people with first-episode psychosis. Caregivers of 40 people with first-episode psychosis were interviewed at home about their experience of caregiving, coping strategies and distress. Findings showed that at first-episode psychosis, caregivers are already having to cope with a wide range of problems and are developing coping strategies. Caregivers worried most about difficult behaviours and negative symptoms in participants.