Search results for ‘Subject term:"mental health problems"’ Sort:
Results 1 - 10 of 10
Biogenetic explanations and public acceptance of mental illness: systematic review of population studies
- Authors:
- ANGERMEYER Matthias C., et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 199(5), November 2011, pp.367-372.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
It is widely believed that biological or genetic models of mental illness will increase tolerance towards people with mental illness by countering perceptions of responsibility and blame. This review examined this hypothesis among the general public; whether such attributions are related to lower perceptions of guilt and responsibility, to what extent notions of responsibility are associated with rejection of people who are mentally ill, and how prevalent notions of responsibility are among the general public with regard to different mental disorders. Thirty three representative population studies examining attitudes towards people with mental illness and beliefs about such disorders were included in a systematic analysis. Generally, biogenetic causal attributions were not associated with more tolerant attitudes and they were related to stronger rejection in most studies examining schizophrenia. No published study reported on associations of biogenetic causal attributions and perceived responsibility. The stereotype of self-responsibility was unrelated to rejection in most studies. Public images of mental disorder are generally dominated by the stereotypes of unpredictability and dangerousness; responsibility was less relevant. The authors conclude that biogenetic causal models are an inappropriate means of reducing rejection of people with mental illness.
Identifying the facilitators and processes which influence recovery in individuals with schizophrenia: a systematic review and thematic synthesis
- Authors:
- SOUNDY Andrew, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Mental Health, 24(2), 2015, pp.103-110.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- London
Background: Research is required to better understand the psychosocial factors that influence the recovery of individuals with schizophrenia. Objective: To conduct a systematic review and thematic synthesis and identify the factors which influence recovery. Methods: Major electronic databases were searched from inception until February 2014. Qualitative articles were included that considered the concept of recovery from individuals with schizophrenia, their caregivers or health care professionals. Methodological quality was assessed and studies were thematically synthesised. Results: Twenty articles involving 585 individuals with schizophrenia, 298 primary care givers or close sources of support and 47 health care professionals were included. The results identified and detailed the psychosocial factors and processes that influenced recovery. The factors which promoted recovery included: (1) adjustment, coping and reappraisal (2) responding to the illness (3) social support, close relationships and belonging. The factors which challenged recovery included: (1) negative interactions and isolation (2) internal barriers (3) uncertainty and hopelessness. Conclusion: Health care professionals and researchers will benefit from a greater understanding of the psychosocial factors which influence recovery for individuals with schizophrenia. Implications are discussed within the text. (Publisher abstract)
A systematic review of the association between attributional bias/interpersonal style, and violence in schizophrenia/psychosis
- Authors:
- HARRIS Stephanie T., OAKLEY Clare, PICCHIONI Marco M.
- Journal article citation:
- Aggression and Violent Behavior, 19(3), 2014, pp.235-241.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Despite the widely recognised link between schizophrenia and violence, the illness-specific factors underlying that association remain unclear. A body of work has implicated deficits in social cognition, consistently seen in schizophrenia, that may mediate the risk of violence. Two specific areas of interest are attributional bias and interpersonal style. The authors conducted a systematic literature search using EMBASE, Scopus, Ovid Medline, PsycINFO and Science Direct databases with search terms relating to attributional bias, interpersonal style and violence/aggression in schizophrenia. Eleven studies were identified, six related specifically to attributional bias and five to interpersonal style. Results suggest an association between hostile and externalising attribution biases, and violence in schizophrenia. Furthermore, hostile, dominant, and coercive interpersonal styles are also frequently associated with violence in schizophrenia. An interaction between cognitive impairments and underlying personality traits, as well as other co-morbid or illness factors, is proposed to likely underpin associations with violence in schizophrenia. Conclusions are limited by methodological constraints. The field would benefit from consistent definitions of violence, and a more systematic approach to cognitive assessment. Furthermore, studies with more homogeneous samples; and longitudinal designs are warranted in order to gain a better understanding of causation with regard to illness factors specific to schizophrenia. (Edited publisher abstract)
Interpersonal violence and mental illness: a review
- Authors:
- GILLIES Donna, O’BRIEN Louise
- Journal article citation:
- Contemporary Nurse, 21(2), May 2006, pp.277-286.
- Publisher:
- eContent Management Pty Ltd
- Place of publication:
- Queensland
There is a public perception that people with mental illness are dangerous, but arguments persist in the research literature as to whether this is truly the case. This review of reviews and single studies with samples over 250 identifies good evidence of an association between a diagnosis of serious mental health problems such as schizophrenia or personality disorder and an increased risk of violence. It also shows that substance abuse and younger age are significant factors. The risk of violence appears to be higher among community-dwelling than in-patients, with most violence among the former directed against family and friends. Among inpatients, nurses are the most frequent victims of assault. The overall magnitude of risk in both in-patient and community settings is difficult to estimate because of the use of different research methods and definitions of violence, and the authors call for a meta-analysis of the data to develop a clearer picture of the risk of violence in this population.
How does diagnostic labelling affect social responses to people with mental illness? A systematic review of experimental studies using vignette-based designs
- Authors:
- O'CONNOR Cliodhna, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Mental Health, 31(1), 2022, pp.115-130.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- London
Background: An outstanding question in the stigma literature is the extent to which negative responses are provoked by diagnostic labels, rather than observable symptoms of mental illness. Experimental studies frequently use vignettes to identify the unique effects of diagnostic labels on social responses to people with mental illness, independent of their behaviour or socio-demographic characteristics. Aims: The current article identifies, evaluates, and synthesises the body of experimental vignette studies of labelling effects. Methods: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Eligible studies were subjected to quality evaluation and narrative synthesis. Results: Of 1511 articles screened, 22 met inclusion criteria. Most studies focused on the diagnostic categories of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and autism spectrum disorder. The literature reported diverse effects, with diagnostic disclosure either exacerbating, mitigating, or not affecting stigma. The quality of studies was generally acceptable but the review identified an over-reliance on convenience sampling and unvalidated measures. Conclusions: Results highlight the complexity of labelling effects, which diverge across diagnostic categories and social contexts. The review emphasises the need for expansion of diagnostic labels and contexts studied, standardisation of validated attitude scales, incorporation of behavioural outcomes, and diversification of samples. (Edited publisher abstract)
Mental health-related stigma and pathways to care for people at risk of psychotic disorders or experiencing first-episode psychosis: a systematic review
- Authors:
- GRONHOLM P.C., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Psychological Medicine, 47(11), 2017, pp.1867-1879.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge
Stigma associated with mental illness can delay or prevent help-seeking and service contact. Stigma-related influences on pathways to care in the early stages of psychotic disorders have not been systematically examined. This review systematically assessed findings from qualitative, quantitative and mixed-methods research studies on the relationship between stigma and pathways to care (i.e. processes associated with help-seeking and health service contact) among people experiencing first-episode psychosis or at clinically defined increased risk of developing psychotic disorder. Forty studies were identified through searches of electronic databases (CINAHL, EMBASE, Medline, PsycINFO, Sociological Abstracts) from 1996 to 2016, supplemented by reference searches and expert consultations. Data synthesis involved thematic analysis of qualitative findings, narrative synthesis of quantitative findings, and a meta-synthesis combining these results. The meta-synthesis identified six themes in relation to stigma on pathways to care among the target population: ‘sense of difference’, ‘characterizing difference negatively’, ‘negative reactions (anticipated and experienced)’, ‘strategies’, ‘lack of knowledge and understanding’, and ‘service-related factors’. This synthesis constitutes a comprehensive overview of the current evidence regarding stigma and pathways to care at early stages of psychotic disorders, and illustrates the complex manner in which stigma-related processes can influence help-seeking and service contact among first-episode psychosis and at-risk groups. The findings can serve as a foundation for future research in the area, and inform early intervention efforts and approaches to mitigate stigma-related concerns that currently influence recognition of early difficulties and contribute to delayed help-seeking and access to care. (Edited publisher abstract)
Shared treatment decision-making and empowerment-related outcomes in psychosis: systematic review and meta-analysis
- Authors:
- STOVELL Diana, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 209(1), 2016, pp.23-28.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Background: In the UK almost 60% of people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia who use mental health services say they are not involved in decisions about their treatment. Guidelines and policy documents recommend that shared decision-making should be implemented, yet whether it leads to greater treatment-related empowerment for this group has not been systematically assessed. Aims: To examine the effects of shared decision-making on indices of treatment-related empowerment of people with psychosis. Method: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of shared decision-making concerning current or future treatment for psychosis (PROSPERO registration CRD42013006161) was conducted. Primary outcomes were indices of treatment-related empowerment and objective coercion (compulsory treatment). Secondary outcomes were treatment decision-making ability and the quality of the therapeutic relationship. Results The authors identified 11 RCTs. Small beneficial effects of increased shared decision-making were found on indices of treatment-related empowerment (6 RCTs; g = 0.30, 95% CI 0.09–0.51), although the effect was smaller if trials with >25% missing data were excluded. There was a trend towards shared decision-making for future care leading to reduced use of compulsory treatment over 15–18 months (3 RCTs; RR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.35–1.02), with a number needed to treat of approximately 10 (95% CI 5–∞). No clear effect on treatment decision-making ability (3 RCTs) or the quality of the therapeutic relationship (8 RCTs) was found, but data were heterogeneous. Conclusions: For people with psychosis the implementation of shared treatment decision-making appears to have small beneficial effects on indices of treatment-related empowerment, but more direct evidence is required. (Edited publisher abstract)
A systematic review of the familial co-aggregation of schizophrenia with non-psychotic disorders
- Authors:
- DeVYLDER Jordan E., OH Hans Y.
- Journal article citation:
- Social Work in Mental Health, 12(3), 2014, pp.280-301.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Schizophrenia is a highly heritable mental health condition, likely due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Given that genes appear to predispose offspring to vulnerabilities or endophenotypes rather than to the disorder itself, and that environmental risk-factors tend to be shared across psychopathologies, it may be expected that other non-psychotic conditions to likewise aggregate with schizophrenia in families. This article reviews studies on familial co-aggregation of schizophrenia with other disorders, published over the past two decades. Twenty-two studies met inclusion criteria. Although many early family and cohort studies lacked statistical power due to small sample sizes, the overriding pattern is one in favor of familial co-aggregation of schizophrenia with a broad range of psychiatric conditions, including affective, anxiety, substance use, and childhood-onset disorders, which has been confirmed in recent population-based studies. Several causal hypotheses are proposed to explain these associations, which should be directly tested in future studies. These results suggest that family-based social work interventions for schizophrenia may benefit from an added emphasis on prevention and treatment of common mental health conditions among family members. (Edited publisher abstract)
Psychosocial approaches for individuals with schizophrenia in correctional and forensic psychiatric settings: a rapid review
- Authors:
- DUMONT Mathieu, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Forensic Practice, 20(3), 2018, pp.152-166.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to identify the psychosocial approaches that have been studied and for which positive outcomes have been reported for individuals with schizophrenia in correctional and forensic psychiatric settings. Design/methodology/approach: A rapid review of the literature was undertaken. A search was conducted on MEDLINE and PsycNET electronic databases. Each identified approach was analyzed to define their types and components. Findings: In total, 24 studies pertaining to 18 different psychosocial approaches were identified. Half of the studies used a quasi-experimental design with control group. Most frequent outcomes reported were improvements in knowledge about illness and problem solving. Seven studies reported positive outcomes related to issues more specific to this population (violence, aggression, and recidivism). Approaches associated with these studies used mainly traditional cognitive behavior therapy and cognitive remediation. The focus was on neurocognition, social cognition, social skills, emotion management and problem solving. Practical implications: This rapid review may enlighten clinical settings on psychosocial approaches for which positive outcomes have been reported with individuals with schizophrenia in correctional and forensic psychiatric settings. The picture obtained supports the idea of using integrated rehabilitation approaches that cover the aforementioned intervention focuses with this population. Originality/value: A significant contribution of the rapid review is based on the analysis of the psychosocial approaches identified. This process offers a closer look at the nature and content of the approaches used according to the outcomes reported. (Edited publisher abstract)
Collaborative care for individuals with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia and co-occurring physical health conditions: A systematic review
- Authors:
- O’NEILL Elizabeth A., RATLIFF Denise
- Journal article citation:
- Social Work in Mental Health, 15(6), 2017, pp.705-729.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
While rates of chronic physical health conditions are increasing for the general population, individuals with severe mental illness are at greater risk. Co-occurring mental and physical health conditions are associated with poor health care utilisation, socioeconomic, and patient-reported health status outcomes. This study used systematic review procedures to investigate the effectiveness of collaborative care models for improving the health of adults with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia and co-occurring chronic physical health conditions. Six studies met inclusion criteria, and included outcomes related to quality of life, physical health, and mental health. Collective and study-level results are reported and discussed, including implications for social work practice and research. (Publisher abstract)