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Being alone or becoming lonely? The complexity of portraying ‘unaccompanied children’ as being alone in Sweden
- Authors:
- HERTZ Marcus, LALANDER Philip
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Youth Studies, 20(8), 2017, pp.1062-1076.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Research has largely focused on ‘unaccompanied minors’ as a vulnerable group at risk of developing psychological problems that affect their health. Separation from primary caregivers is considered one of the foremost reasons for these young people’s proposed loneliness. Thus, the official and ascribed identity is that they are lonely and that loneliness is their major problem. But research has seldom given the young people themselves an opportunity to express their views in an attempt to trace the often situational, dynamic and complex nature of social and emotional life. The present article analyses how ‘unaccompanied minors’ talk about everyday life and themes related to loneliness. The authors followed 23 ‘unaccompanied minors’ during a period of a year through ethnographic observations and qualitative interviews. Results: Loneliness may occur when these young people experience lack of control in managing life and when they feel no one grieves for them; loneliness may be dealt with by creating new social contacts and friends; loneliness may be reinforced or reduced in encounters with representatives from ‘the system’; the young people may experience frustration about being repeatedly labelled ‘unaccompanied’ and they may create a resistance to and critical reflexivity towards this labelling. (Edited publisher abstract)
Informal care-giving and mental ill-health: differential relationships by workload, gender, age and area-remoteness in a UK region
- Authors:
- DOEBLER Stefanie, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Health and Social Care in the Community, 25(3), 2017, pp.987-999.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This paper reports on a study carried out in a UK region which investigated the relationship between informal care-giving and mental ill-health. The analysis was conducted by linking three data sets, the Northern Ireland Longitudinal Study, the Northern Ireland Enhanced Prescribing Database and the Proximity to Service Index from the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. The analysis used both a subjective measure of mental ill-health, i.e. a question asked in the 2011 Census, and an objective measure, whether the respondents had been prescribed antidepressants by a General Practitioner between 2010 and 2012. The study applied binary logistic multilevel modelling to these two responses to test whether, and for what sub-groups of the population, informal care-giving was related to mental ill-health. The results showed that informal care-giving per se was not related to mental ill-health, although there was a strong relationship between the intensity of the care-giving role and mental ill-health. Females under 50, who provided over 19 hours of care, were not employed or worked part-time and who provided care in both 2001 and 2011 were at a statistically significantly elevated risk of mental ill-health. Caregivers in remote areas with limited access to shops and services were also at a significantly increased risk as evidenced by prescription rates for antidepressants. With community care policies aimed at supporting people to remain at home, the paper highlights the need for further research in order to target resources appropriately. (Edited publisher abstract)
Food for thought: mental health and nutrition briefing
- Author:
- MENTAL HEALTH FOUNDATION
- Publisher:
- Mental Health Foundation
- Publication year:
- 2017
- Pagination:
- 20
- Place of publication:
- London
This briefing focuses on how nutrition can be effectively integrated into public health strategies to protect and improve mental health and emotional wellbeing. It discusses what is known about the relationship between nutrition and mental health, looks at foods that have a negative effect on mental health and the role of food in preventing mental health problems. It also presents evidence of links between diet and the mental health conditions of depression, schizophrenia, dementia and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The briefing makes nine policy recommendations. (Edited publisher abstract)
Religion and the risk of suicide: longitudinal study of over 1 million people
- Authors:
- O'REILLY Dermot, ROSATO Michael
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 206(6), 2015, pp.466-470.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Background: Durkheim’s seminal historical study demonstrated that religious affiliation reduces suicide risk, but it is unclear whether this protective effect persists in modern, more secular societies. Aims: To examine suicide risk according to Christian religious affiliation and by inference to examine underlying mechanisms for suicide risk. If church attendance is important, risk should be lowest for Roman Catholics and highest for those with no religion; if religiosity is important, then ‘conservative’ Christians should fare best. Method: A 9-year study followed 1 106 104 people aged 16–74 years at the 2001 UK census, using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for census-based cohort attributes. Results: In fully adjusted models analysing 1119 cases of suicide, Roman Catholics, Protestants and those professing no religion recorded similar risks. The risk associated with conservative Christians was lower than that for Catholics (HR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.52–0.97). Conclusions: The relationship between religious affiliation and suicide established by Durkheim may not pertain in societies where suicide rates are highest at younger ages. Risks are similar for those with and without a religious affiliation, and Catholics (who traditionally are characterised by higher levels of church attendance) do not demonstrate lower risk of suicide. However, religious affiliation is a poor measure of religiosity, except for a small group of conservative Christians, although their lower risk of suicide may be attributable to factors such as lower risk behaviour and alcohol consumption. (Publisher abstract)
Balancing harms in support of recovery
- Authors:
- SYKES Michael J., BRABBAN Alison, REILLY Joe
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Mental Health, 24(3), 2015, pp.140-144.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- London
Background: Harm in mental health has traditionally been viewed as "unambiguous" and measured in terms of suicide, self-harm, self-neglect and violence. In order to develop an organisational patient safety strategy, one Trust engaged with service users, carers and senior clinicians and managers in order to understand how they define harm. Aim: To explore the meaning of harm in a mental health and learning disabilities setting. Method: This paper describes the outcome of service improvement work with service users, carers, senior clinicians and managers at one Trust to determine what harm meant to them. Results: Harm is a concept which is broader than elements currently seen within organisational patient safety metrics and clinical risk assessments. Conclusions: Taking into account the diverse feedback received about what constitutes harm, a more inclusive definition emerges which could be incorporated into a new framework for risk management, balancing risk of harms across multiple dimensions. This approach has the potential to bring together consideration of the risk and recovery agendas. (Publisher abstract)
Mental health and associated risk factors of Dutch school aged foster children placed in long-term foster care
- Authors:
- MAASKANT Anne M., ROOIJ Floor B. van, HERMANNS Jo M.A.
- Journal article citation:
- Children and Youth Services Review, 44, 2014, pp.207-216.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
This study focused on the mental health of 239 foster children (aged 4–12) living in long-term placements in the Netherlands. Their behaviour was assessed with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, which was completed by their foster parents. The results revealed a wide range of problem behaviour (ranging from none to very serious problem behaviour), and showed that a third of the children have total difficulty scores (TDS) in the clinical range. Higher TDS appear to have a positive univariate association with age of the foster child, age upon entering the current foster family, number of prior foster placements, non-kinship placement, and fostering experience of the foster parents. The more risk factors, the higher the TDS. These findings suggest the importance of the early detection of problems and potential risk factors in foster families, and the need to support a substantial number of foster children and foster families. (Edited publisher abstract)
Severity of hospital-treated self-cutting and risk of future self-harm: a national registry study
- Authors:
- LARKIN Celine, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Mental Health, 23(3), 2014, pp.115-119.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- London
Background: Risk assessment forms a key component in self-harm management. Among self-harm presentations generally, lethality of an index act is a poor predictor of future non-fatal repetition. However, no study has examined whether severity of an index self-cutting episode is associated with prospective repetition. Aims: To examine factors associated with severity of self-cutting and in particular the association between severity of self-cutting and prospective repetition of self-harm. Methods: All index self-cutting presentations to emergency departments in Ireland over 5 years were grouped by treatment received and compared on the basis of demographic and clinical characteristics. Results: Receiving more extensive medical treatment was associated with male gender, being aged more than 15 years, and not combining self-harm methods. Receiving less extensive treatment conferred a higher risk of prospective 12-month repetition, even after controlling for demographic and clinical characteristics. Repeat self-harm presentations by those with more severe self-cutting in an index act were less prevalent but were more likely to involve high-lethality methods of self-harm. Discussion: The results indicate that the already-elevated repetition risk among self-cutting patients is further increased for those receiving less extensive wound closure treatment. Severity of self-cutting might also affect suicide risk but such an association has yet to be examined. (Publisher abstract)
Unemployment and psychological distress among young adults in the Nordic countries: a review of the literature
- Authors:
- RENEFLOT Anne, EVENSON Miriam
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Social Welfare, 23(1), 2014, pp.3-15.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This article reviews Nordic research, published from 1995 and onwards, on the relationship between unemployment and mental health among young adults. Cross-sectional, longitudinal and time-series studies are included. Cross-sectional studies show that the unemployed experience more mental health problems than the non-unemployed. Leaving unemployment is associated with increased well-being. Economic problems, feelings of shame and poor social support increase the likelihood of psychological distress. The longitudinal studies show that unemployment increases the risk of psychological distress and attempted suicide, after initial mental health status and confounding factors are accounted for. The relationship remains significant when time-invariant characteristics of the individuals are controlled for. The time-series studies found no relationship between unemployment and suicide, but levels of psychological distress were found to vary with changes in the labour market. This relationship remained significant after excluding the non-employed, indicating that unemployment trends have effects beyond those directly associated with unemployment. (Publisher abstract)
Taking the right approach
- Author:
- ZUCCHELLI Fabio
- Journal article citation:
- Mental Health Today, July/August 2013, pp.8-9.
- Publisher:
- Pavilion
- Place of publication:
- Hove
A service user-led report carried out between September 2011 and February 2012 suggests that services provide under the 2008 Care Programme Approach often lack the flexibility required to work with service users' own understanding of their experiences and recovery. The report 'Service users' experience of recovery under the 2008 Care Programme Approach' was published in February 2013. This article summarises some of the key findings covering: the variation in service users' experiences according to demographic differences, with African and Caribbean participants reporting less positive experiences; views in relation to risk; and the side effects of mediation. It also provides a checklist of good practice pointers for mental health professionals working with service users under the Care Programme Approach. (Original abstract)
Suicide attempts among men with histories of child sexual abuse: examining abuse severity, mental health, and masculine norms
- Authors:
- EASTON Scott D., RENNER Lynette M., O'LEARY Patrick
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 37(6), 2013, pp.380-387.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Survey data gathered from a purposive sample of 487 men who were sexually abused during childhood were used to examine the relationship between abuse severity, mental health, masculine norms and recent suicide . The age of the sample ranged from 19 to 84 years. Recent suicide attempts served as the dependent variable in the study. Self-reported measures of sexual abuse severity, child physical abuse, mental health, masculine norms, and demographic information (age, race) represented the independent variables. The results from logistic regression modeling found that five variables – duration of the sexual abuse, use of force during the sexual abuse, high conformity to masculine norms, level of depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation – increased the odds of a suicide attempt in the past 12 months. To improve mental health services for men with histories of child sexual abuse, mental health practitioners should incorporate sexual abuse severity, current mental health, and adherence to masculine norms into assessment and treatment planning. (Edited publisher abstract)