Search results for ‘Subject term:"mental health problems"’ Sort:
Results 1 - 10 of 28
The mental health of children and young people in England
- Author:
- PUBLIC HEALTH ENGLAND
- Publisher:
- Public Health England
- Publication year:
- 2016
- Pagination:
- 33
- Place of publication:
- London
This report describes the importance of mental health and wellbeing among children and young people and the case for investment in mental health. It provides statistics on prevalence of poor mental health and wellbeing and those most at risk. It also summarises statistics and evidence of what works to improve mental health in children and young people, including information on costs and potential savings. Information is included for: anxiety disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct disorder, depression, eating disorders, schizophrenia, self-harm and suicide. (Edited publisher abstract)
Nowhere safe to stay: the dangers of sleeping rough
- Author:
- ST. MUNGO'S
- Publisher:
- St. Mungo's
- Publication year:
- 2016
- Pagination:
- 20
- Place of publication:
- London
Based on interviews with 40 of St Mungo's clients, this report presents evidence on the dangers of rough sleeping and the poor service people often receive from council housing options teams. The report also includes an analysis of CHAIN data on rough sleeping in London, data from St Mungo’s Client Needs Survey of 1,036 clients who have previously slept rough, and an analysis of press reports of people who died whilst sleeping rough. The report discusses the high risk to rough sleepers of being victims of crime; experiencing poor physical and mental health; experiencing drug and alcohol problems; and causing damage to their relationships with family and friends. The experiences of people interviewed for the report suggest that assessment at council homelessness or housing options services are often inadequate. The report also found that people asking for help were sometimes are turned away or even instructed to sleep rough in order to access services. It makes a number of recommendations, including for MPs and government to support the Homelessness Reduction Bill which would place new duties on local authorities in England to help prevent and relieve homelessness. (Edited publisher abstract)
Psychiatric disorders and treatment in adoptees: a meta-analytic comparison with non-adoptees
- Authors:
- BEHLE Anika E., PINQUART Martin
- Journal article citation:
- Adoption Quarterly, 19(4), 2016, pp.284-306.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia
This meta-analysis integrates the results of 85 studies on psychiatric disorders and treatment in adoptees and non-adoptees. The risk of adoptees experiencing psychiatric disorders, contact with mental health services, or treatment in a psychiatric hospital was approximately twice as high as that of non-adoptees. Elevated risks were observed for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders, anxiety disorders, conduct disorders/oppositional defiant disorders, depression, substance use disorders, and psychoses. Larger effect sizes were, in part, found in clinical studies than in community-based studies, in studies with a higher percentage of individuals adopted after the age of three years and international adoptees, and in older studies. (Publisher abstract)
Risk of dementia and death in community-dwelling older men with bipolar disorder
- Authors:
- ALMEIDA Osvaldo P., et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 209(2), 2016, pp.121-126.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Background: Bipolar disorder has been associated with cognitive decline, but confirmatory evidence from a community-derived sample of older people is lacking. Aims: To investigate the 13-year risk of dementia and death in older adults with bipolar disorder. Method: Cohort study of 37 768 men aged 65–85 years. Dementia (primary) and death (secondary), as recorded by electronic record linkage, were the outcomes of interest. Results: Bipolar disorder was associated with increased adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of dementia (HR = 2.30, 95% CI 1.80–2.94). The risk of dementia was greatest among those with <5 years of history of bipolar disorder or who had had illness onset after 70 years of age. Bipolar disorder was also associated with increased mortality (HR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.28–1.77). Competing risk regression showed that bipolar disorder was associated with increased hazard of death by suicide, accidents, pneumonia or influenza, and diseases of the liver and digestive system. Conclusions: Bipolar disorder in later life is associated with increased risk of dementia and premature death. (Publisher abstract)
Childhood emotional maltreatment and mental disorders: results from a nationally representative adult sample from the United States
- Authors:
- TAILLIEU Tamara L., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 59, 2016, pp.1-12.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Child maltreatment is a public health concern with well-established sequelae. However, compared to research on physical and sexual abuse, far less is known about the long-term impact of emotional maltreatment on mental health. The overall purpose of this study was to examine the association of emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and both emotional abuse and neglect with other types of child maltreatment, a family history of dysfunction, and lifetime diagnoses of several Axis I and Axis II mental disorders. Data were from the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions collected in 2004 and 2005 (n = 34,653). The most prevalent form of emotional maltreatment was emotional neglect only (6.2%), followed by emotional abuse only (4.8%), and then both emotional abuse and neglect (3.1%). All categories of emotional maltreatment were strongly related to other forms of child maltreatment (odds ratios [ORs] ranged from 2.1 to 68.0) and a history of family dysfunction (ORs ranged from 2.2 to 8.3). In models adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, all categories of emotional maltreatment were associated with increased odds of almost every mental disorder assessed in this study (adjusted ORs ranged from 1.2 to 7.4). Many relationships remained significant independent of experiencing other forms of child maltreatment and a family history of dysfunction (adjusted ORs ranged from 1.2 to 3.0). The effects appeared to be greater for active (i.e., emotional abuse) relative to passive (i.e., emotional neglect) forms of emotional maltreatment. Childhood emotional maltreatment, particularly emotionally abusive acts, is associated with increased odds of lifetime diagnoses of several Axis I and Axis II mental disorders. (Publisher abstract)
Suicidal individuals and mental health treatment: a novel approach to engagement
- Author:
- ALONZO Dana
- Journal article citation:
- Community Mental Health Journal, 52(5), 2016, pp.527-533.
- Publisher:
- Springer
To determine the feasibility and acceptability of a novel, manualised problem-solving and comprehensive contact intervention (PS–CCI) aimed at improving treatment engagement of suicidal individuals. The PS–CCI was administered to 44 individuals with mood disorders presenting to the ER with suicidal ideation and/or behaviour. The PS–CCI has two components: (1) a problem-solving interview administered upon admission to the emergency room (ER), and (2) follow-up contact post-discharge from the ER. The average age of participants was 33.45 years. The PS–CCI was completed by 75 % of patients. No subject (0 %) withdrew during the 3-month follow-up period; however, 27.2 % were unable to be reached for follow-up assessment. We have concluded that the intervention has a good feasibility because of high acceptability and adherence and further testing of its efficacy seems feasible. (Edited publisher abstract)
Substance misuse in life and death in a 2-year cohort of suicides
- Authors:
- GALWAY Karen, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 208(3), 2016, pp.292-297.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Background: Although substance misuse is a key risk factor in suicide, relatively little is known about the relationship between lifetime misuse and misuse at the time of suicide. Aims: To examine the relationship between substance misuse and subsequent suicide. Method: Linkage of coroners' reports to primary care records for 403 suicides occurring over 2 years. Results: With alcohol misuse, 67% of the cohort had previously sought help for alcohol problems and 39% were intoxicated at the time of suicide. Regarding misuse of other substances, 54% of the cohort was tested. Almost one in four (38%) tested positive, defined as an excess of drugs over the prescribed therapeutic dosage and/or detection of illicit substances. Those tested were more likely to be young and have a history of drug misuse. Conclusions: A deeper understanding of the relationship between substance misuse and suicide could contribute to prevention initiatives. Furthermore, standardised toxicology screening processes would avoid diminishing the importance of psychosocial factors involved in suicide as a ‘cause of death’. (Publisher abstract)
Invisible and in distress: prioritising the mental health of England's young carers
- Author:
- CARERS TRUST
- Publisher:
- Carers Trust
- Publication year:
- 2016
- Pagination:
- 12
- Place of publication:
- London
This report highlights evidence on what is known about the mental health of young carers and shows how caring is a risk factor for children and young people’s mental health. Based on discussions from a policy roundtable event attended by young carers, sector leaders and young carers services, the report also makes policy recommendations to improve the awareness and support of young carers’ mental health. These include a call for the upcoming Government Carers Strategy to include measures to promote young carers’ mental health and improve their access to mental health support; for the NHS England assurance programme for Local Transformation Plans to examine whether the plans include measures to improve young carers’ mental health; and for local authority commissioners to increase the sustainability and stability of young carers services and support partnership working between young carers services and mental health services. (Edited publisher abstract)
Association of psychological distress late in life and dementia-related mortality
- Authors:
- ROSNESS Tor Atle, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 20(6), 2016, pp.603-610.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Objective: This study investigates the association between self-reported psychological distress and risk of dementia-related mortality. Method: The study included 31,043 eligible individuals between the ages of 60 and 80 years, at time of examination, from the CONOR (Cohort of Norway) database. They were followed for a period of 17.4 years (mean 11.5 years). The CONOR Mental Health Index, a seven-item self-report scale was used. A cut-off score equal to or above 2.15 on the scale denoted psychological distress. Cox regression was used to assess the association between psychological distress and risk of dementia-related mortality. Results: Total number of registered deaths was 11,762 and 1118 (9.5%) were classified as cases of dementia-related mortality. 2501 individuals (8.1%) had psychological distress, of these, 119 (10.6%) had concomitant dementia-related mortality. Individuals with psychological distress had an increased risk of dementia-related mortality after adjusting for age, gender and education. The association remained significant although attenuated when implemented in a full adjusted model, including general health status, smoking, obesity, hypertension, diabetes and history of cardiovascular disease. Conclusion: Results indicate that psychological distress in elderly individuals is associated with increased risk of dementia-related mortality. Individuals at increased risk of dementia may benefit from treatments or interventions that lessen psychological distress, but this needs to be confirmed in future clinical studies. (Edited publisher abstract)
The impact of the crisis on homelessness in Spain: social intervention in a context of greater need and fewer resources
- Authors:
- MARQUEZ Gorka Moreno, URRAZA Xabier Aierdi
- Journal article citation:
- European Journal of Social Work, 19(1), 2016, pp.31-45.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
The purpose of this article is to deepen the understanding of the impact of the social and economic crisis on homeless people in Spain. To this end we present the results of research carried out prior to the crisis and later updated in the midst of the economic recession, underscoring the main results obtained in both periods and tracing their evolution. The number of homeless people in Spain has risen as a result of the crisis. Moreover, while some characteristics of this group remain the same, others have changed. Hence, difficulties in access to the labour market and cuts in certain economic benefits are resulting in an increase in the duration of social inclusion processes. This results in a worsening of the personal situation of the homeless, especially in relation to mental illness and substance abuse. The immigrant population is the group most affected by these impacts. The situation clearly demonstrates the need to reflect on how to deal with the problem of homelessness in Spain, and to rethink the way professionals intervene, especially during periods of economic recession. (Publisher abstract)