Search results for ‘Subject term:"mental health problems"’ Sort:
Results 1 - 10 of 375
Combined effects of physical illness and comorbid psychiatric disorder on risk of suicide in a national population study
- Authors:
- QIN Ping, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 204(6), 2014, pp.430-435.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Background: People with physical illness often have psychiatric disorder and this comorbidity may have a specific influence on their risk of suicide. Aims: To examine how physical illness and psychiatric comorbidity interact to influence risk of suicide, with particular focus on relative timing of onset of the two types of illness. Method: Based on the national population of Denmark, individual-level data were retrieved from five national registers on 27 262 suicide cases and 468 007 gender- and birth-date matched living controls. Data were analysed using conditional logistic regression. Results: Both suicides and controls with physical illness more often had comorbid psychiatric disorder than their physically healthy counterparts. Although both physical and psychiatric illnesses constituted significant risk factors for suicide, their relative timing of onset in individuals with comorbidity significantly differentiated the associated risk of suicide. While suicide risk was highly elevated when onsets of both physical and psychiatric illness occurred close in time to each other, regardless which came first, psychiatric comorbidity developed some time after onset of physical illness exacerbated the risk of suicide substantially. Conclusions: Suicide risk in physically ill people varies substantially by presence of psychiatric comorbidity, particularly the relative timing of onset of the two types of illness. Closer collaboration between general and mental health services should be an essential component of suicide prevention strategies. (Publisher abstract)
Reconciling alternative to incarceration and treatment mandates with a consumer choice housing first model: a qualitative study of individuals with psychiatric disabilities
- Authors:
- STEFANCIC Ana, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice, 12(4), July 2012, pp.382-408.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia
This study examined how individuals experienced participating in a Housing First (HF) programme, which was designed to operate along principles of permanent housing, consumer choice, and harm reduction, while simultaneously participating in an Alternative to Incarceration (ATI) programme that incorporates treatment mandates, abstinence monitoring, and court reporting which tended to be in tension with the HF model. Analysis of qualitative interviews with 20 participants indicated that though participants recognised the constraints of the ATI programme and legal mandates, they somewhat surprisingly experienced the HF programme in accordance with the model's stated principles. The majority of participants remained in the HF programme after four years and reported positive outcomes, which many attributed to having a home of their own. The authors concluded that having the ATI programme served as a mediator with the criminal justice system and may have allowed the HF programme to have a buffer between the participant and the legal system.
Risk factors for mental health diagnoses among children adopted from the public child welfare system
- Authors:
- HUSSEY David L., FALLETTA Lynn, ENG Abbey
- Journal article citation:
- Children and Youth Services Review, 34(10), October 2012, pp.2072-2080.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Adoptive youth’s mental health difficulties may pose considerable problems for the stability of the adoptive placement. The aim of this study was to examine potential child and biological family risk factors for mental health diagnosis among a group of adopted children. Data were extracted from children’s charts via extensive case file reviews for 368 children placed for adoption by a special needs adoption programme between February 1997 and April 2005. The findings showed that a significant proportion of the children and biological parents had experienced serious adversity prior to adoptive placement. Demographic diagnosis predictors included: older age at adoptive placement; white race; and male gender. Other predictors included: having more than 1 placement; and a history of sexual abuse. Biological parent incarceration was significantly associated with the absence of a mental health diagnosis. The article concludes that more work is needed to understand the interplay of risk and protective factors, including how these are affected by child welfare policies, informal procedures, and resources to produce varying outcomes for children in peril.
Affective disorders, anxiety disorders and the risk of alcohol dependence and misuse
- Authors:
- LIANG Wenbin, CHIKRITZHS Tanya
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 199(3), September 2011, pp.219-224.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
It remains unclear whether affective disorders and anxiety disorders increase the risk of alcohol dependence and alcohol misuse. This retrospective cohort study is based on data collected from the 2007 Australia Mental Health and Well-Being survey. Both Poisson and logistic regression models were used for multivariate analysis. There were 8841 participants in the MHW study of whom 342 had received a diagnosis of alcohol dependence at some time prior to the start of the study; full data was available and analysed for 336. Those with affective and anxiety disorders appeared to be at higher risk of alcohol misuse or dependence. For affective disorders the relative risk of alcohol dependence within five years was 5.46; for anxiety disorders it was 3.33. The authors conclude that common affective disorders and anxiety disorders may increase the risk of alcohol dependence and alcohol misuse among the Australian population.
Emotional well-being and mental health of looked after children in England
- Authors:
- MCAULEY Colette, DAVIS Teresa
- Journal article citation:
- Child and Family Social Work, 14(2), May 2009, pp.147-155.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This article examines the evidence on prevalence of mental health problems amongst looked after children in England. In previous national prevalence studies forty-five per cent of looked after children in England were found to have a diagnosable mental health disorder. In contrast, this is to one in 10 in the general population. Carers estimated that mental health problems were even more widespread. Children with mental health disorders were also more likely to have education, health and social issues. This paper discusses the findings and argues for early intervention along with inter-departmental and interdisciplinary approaches. The recent Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services Review clearly indicates that issues of access to appropriate and timely Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services remain. However, the introduction of evidence-based approaches is encouraging. Young people's views on the services they want and on what is important for emotional well-being and mental health are important considerations.
Neural correlates of executive function and working memory in the ‘at-risk mental state’
- Authors:
- BROOME Matthew R., et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 194(1), January 2009, pp.25-33.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
People with prodromal symptoms have a very high risk of developing psychosis. The aim was to use functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine the neurocognitive basis of this vulnerability. Cross-sectional comparison of regional activation in individuals with an ’at-risk mental state’ (at-risk group: n=17), patients with first-episode schizophreniform psychosis (psychosis group: n=10) and healthy volunteers (controls: n=15) during an overt verbal fluency task and an N-back working memory task. A similar pattern of between-group differences in activation was evident across both tasks. Activation in the at-risk group was intermediate relative to that in controls and the psychosis group in the inferior frontal and anterior cingulate cortex during the verbal fluency task and in the inferior frontal, dorsolateral prefrontal and parietal cortex during the N-back task. The at-risk mental state is associated with abnormalities of regional brain function that are qualitatively similar to, but less severe than, those in patients who have recently presented with psychosis.
Associations between common mental disorders and the Mental Illness Needs Index in community settings
- Authors:
- FONE David L., et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 191(8), August 2007, pp.158-163.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
The relationship between the Mental Illness Needs Index (MINI) and the common mental disorders is not known. Mental health status was measured using the Mental Health Inventory of the Short Form 36 instrument (SF–36). Data from the Caerphilly Health and Social Needs population survey were analysed in multilevel models of 10 653 individuals aged 18–74 years nested within the 2001 UK census geographies of 110 lower super output areas and 33 wards. The MINI score was significantly associated with common mental disorder after adjusting for individual risk factors. This association was stronger at the smaller spatial scale of the lower super output area and for individuals who were permanently sick or disabled. MINI is potentially useful for small-area needs assessment and service planning for common mental disorder in community settings.
Risk factors for psychiatric disturbance in children with intellectual disability
- Authors:
- KOSKENTAUSTA T., IIVANAINEN M.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 51(1), January 2007, pp.43-53.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Children with intellectual disability (ID) have a higher risk for psychiatric disturbance than their peers with normal intelligence, but research data on risk factors are insufficient and partially conflicting. The subjects comprised 75 children with ID aged 6–13 years from an area of Finland. Data were obtained from case files and the following four questionnaires completed by their parents or other carers: Developmental Behaviour Checklist, American Association of Mental Deficiency (AAMD) Adaptive Behavior Scale, a questionnaire on additional disabilities, and a questionnaire on family characteristics and child development. The risk of psychopathology was most significantly increased by moderate ID, limitations in adaptive behaviour, impaired language development, poor socialization, living with one biological parent, and low socio-economic status of the family. The risk of psychopathology in children with ID is increased by factors related to family characteristics and child development. Identifying these factors will help diagnose and possibly prevent psychiatric disorders in these children.
Multiple measures of socioeconomic circumstances and common mental disorders
- Authors:
- LAHELMA Eero, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Social Science and Medicine, 63(6), September 2006, pp.1383-1399.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
While serious mental disorders typically show socioeconomic differences similar to physical illness—that is, that lower positions imply poorer health—differences for common mental disorders have been inconsistent. We aim to clarify the associations and pathways between measures of socioeconomic circumstances and common mental disorders by simultaneously analysing several past and present socioeconomic measures. The data were derived from middle-aged women and men employed by the City of Helsinki. Cross-sectional surveys were conducted in 2000–2002 among employees who, during each year, reached 40, 45, 50, 55 or 60 years of age. The pooled data include 8970 respondents (80% women; response rate 67%). Common mental disorders were measured by GHQ-12 and the SF-36 mental component summary. Seven socioeconomic measures were included: parental education, childhood economic difficulties, own education, occupational class, household income, home ownership, and current economic difficulties. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine associations between the socioeconomic circumstances and common mental disorders. Past and present economic difficulties were strongly associated with common mental disorders, whereas conventional past and present socioeconomic status measures showed weak or slightly reverse associations. Adjusting for age and gradually for each socioeconomic measure did not affect the main findings, which were very similar for women and men, as well as for both measures of common mental disorders. While the associations of conventional socioeconomic status measures with common mental disorders were weak and inconsistent, our results highlight the importance of past and present economic difficulties to these disorders.
Dual diagnosis: HIV and mental illness: a population-based study
- Authors:
- STOSKOPF Carleen H., KIM Yang K., GLOVER Saundra H.
- Journal article citation:
- Community Mental Health Journal, 37(6), December 2001, pp.469-479.
- Publisher:
- Springer
This is a American cross-sectional, population-based study using hospital discharge abstract data to determine the relative risk associated with having a dual diagnosis of mental illness and HIV/AIDS. The analysis addressed issues of gender, race, and age, as well as type of mental illness. Persons with a mental illness are 1.44 times more likely to have HIV/AIDS. Women are at increased risk of being dually diagnosed. There are no risk differences by race. Those with specific diagnosis of substance abuse or a depressive disorder are more likely to have a diagnosis of HIV/AIDS.